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What month can you have a miscarriage


Miscarriage | NHS inform

A miscarriage is the loss of your baby before 24 weeks. Early miscarriages happen in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Late miscarriages happen between 12 and 24 weeks.

Most of the time there’s no clear reason why it happens, but it’s very unlikely to be caused by anything you did or didn’t do.

About 1 out of 5 pregnancies miscarry. Since many miscarriages aren't recorded the figure might be higher.

What causes a miscarriage?

Doctors think most miscarriages are caused when the building blocks controlling the development of a baby (the chromosomes) aren’t right. Babies with too many or not enough chromosomes won't develop properly. This leads to a miscarriage.

Miscarriages can also be caused by:

  • issues with your placenta
  • cervical weakness - when your cervix (neck of your womb) starts to open

Early miscarriages

An early miscarriage happens in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Most women who miscarry do so in the first 12 weeks of their pregnancy.

Many women have a miscarriage before they even know they’re pregnant. If this happens it can feel like a late period with heavy bleeding.

Symptoms of an early miscarriage

You might be having an early miscarriage if:

  • you're bleeding from your vagina
  • you've cramps in your lower abdomen – these can feel like bad period pains
  • there's fluid or tissue coming from your vagina
  • your breasts are no longer tender and any morning sickness has passed

Bleeding

Having some light bleeding's fairly common in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy and doesn't necessarily mean you're having a miscarriage.

If you start bleeding, you should always contact your GP or midwife and get advice about what to do.

What happens during an early miscarriage

If you’re in the early weeks of pregnancy:

  • you’ll probably be asked to go to the early pregnancy unit at your local hospital straight away
  • you’ll have some tests and usually an ultrasound scan
  • your body usually completes the miscarriage naturally

Depending on your stage of pregnancy, you may deliver a small baby. That can be a shock and is an understandably upsetting time.

Late miscarriages

A late miscarriage happens after 12 weeks and before 24 weeks.

For many parents who lose their baby after a late miscarriage, the word ‘miscarriage’ doesn't properly express the impact of their loss. The loss of a baby at any time's a terrible shock and a late miscarriage can be especially hard.

Symptoms of a late miscarriage

You might be having a late miscarriage if:

  • you're bleeding from your vagina – this can be heavy and you might have blood clots
  • you've strong, cramping pains

Always get medical help if:

  • you're bleeding
  • your baby’s movements have changed or you haven’t felt any movements for a while.
  • your waters break and your baby's born very quickly

Contact your midwife or local maternity unit if you’re registered with them. If you’re not registered, contact your GP or phone the NHS 24 111 service.

What happens during a late miscarriage

If you’re later on in pregnancy:

  • you may be asked to go to the maternity ward
  • you’ll have some tests and usually an ultrasound scan
  • you're likely to go through labour in hospital and might have your labour induced

While you deliver your baby you're likely to have heavier bleeding and labour-like pains.

Making difficult decisions

If you're having a miscarriage, your doctor or midwife will:

  • talk to you about what will happen next
  • help you, and your partner if you have one, decide what you’d like to do

You may have many difficult decisions to make at this time and will have overwhelming emotions. Take your time. Your midwife or doctor can help, and there are many organisations that can support you, your baby’s father and your family.

Get support from SANDS

Get support from SiMBA

After a miscarriage

Depending on your circumstances and stage of pregnancy, your midwife or doctor may ask if you'd like to see or hold your baby.

Some parents decide they don't want to see their baby, and others choose not to for faith or cultural reasons. This is a decision only you can make. It can be very hard when you're feeling overwhelmed. Whatever you decide is okay.

If you’re worried about what your baby looks like, your midwife or doctor can describe them to help you decide.

If your symptoms continue

You’ll probably have some bleeding for a week or two. If you continue to have symptoms after your miscarriage, it may mean that some of the pregnancy tissue's still in your womb.

Some women may need medicine or a short operation to treat this.

If you’re worried about seeking treatment, maybe a friend can come with you. Having support's really important at this difficult time.

Taking time off work

Many women will want to take time off work after having a miscarriage.

If you have a miscarriage before the end of the 24th week, you’re entitled to:

  • take sick leave
  • any sick pay you'd normally qualify for

If you lose your baby after the end of the 24th week, you’re entitled to:

  • take maternity leave
  • any maternity pay you qualify for

Speak to your employer about which choices may be right for you and your family.

Working Families has more about your rights at work after a miscarriage

Repeated miscarriages

Most women go on to have a successful pregnancy and a healthy baby after a miscarriage. But unfortunately, some women have repeated miscarriages.

If you've had:

  • 1 or 2 miscarriages - you're not more likely than anyone else to have another one
  • 3 or more miscarriages - your GP can refer you to a specialist to see whether there’s a specific cause

Miscarriage | March of Dimes

Miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy in the womb before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Some women have a miscarriage before they know they’re pregnant.

We don’t know all the causes of miscarriage, but chromosome problems are often to blame.

It can take a few weeks to a month or more for your body to recover from a miscarriage. It may take longer to recover emotionally.

Talk to your health care provider about having medical tests before you try to get pregnant again.

Most women who miscarry go on to have a healthy pregnancy later.

What is miscarriage?

Miscarriage (also called early pregnancy loss) is when there is pregnancy loss before 20 weeks. For women who know they’re pregnant, about 10 to 20 in 100 pregnancies (10 to 20 percent) end in miscarriage. Most miscarriages - 8 out of 10 (80 percent) - happen in the first trimester before the 12th week of pregnancy. Miscarriage in the second trimester (between 13 and 19 weeks) happens in 1 to 5 in 100 (1 to 5 percent) pregnancies. Pregnancy loss that happens after 20 weeks is called stillbirth.

Miscarriage is very common. Some research suggests that more than 30 percent of pregnancies end in miscarriage, and many end before a person even knows they’re pregnant. Most people who miscarry go on to have a healthy pregnancy later.

What is a threatened miscarriage?

This is when a pregnant person has bleeding, little or no pain, a closed (undilated) cervix and the baby may have a heartbeat. The cervix is the opening to the uterus that sits at the top of the vagina. Most of the time, threatened miscarriages turn out fine.

What is an incomplete miscarriage?

This is when a miscarriage has happened, but the body doesn’t push out all of the tissue from pregnancy. You may have bleeding, cramping and other signs and symptoms of miscarriage.

What is a complete miscarriage?

This is when your body pushes out all of the tissue from the pregnancy. You may pass tissue suddenly or after having medical treatment.

What is an asymptomatic miscarriage?

This is when you have a miscarriage but don’t have bleeding or cramping and you don’t pass any tissue out of your body.  It is sometimes called an empty sac pregnancy.  You may need a procedure to empty the uterus or the cervix may dilate on its own and the tissue will be passed like a period.

What are repeat miscarriages?

Repeat miscarriages, or recurrent pregnancy loss, is the loss of two pregnancies in a row. About 1 in 100 pregnant people (1 percent) have repeat miscarriages. The risk of having a second miscarriage is 20 in 100 (20 percent). After two miscarriages in a row, the risk of another miscarriage increases to about 28 in 100 (28 percent). And after three or more miscarriages in a row, the risk of having another miscarriage is about 43 in 100 (43 percent).

What causes miscarriage and repeat miscarriages?

We don’t know what causes every miscarriage. But some miscarriages and repeat miscarriages can be caused by:

Problems with chromosomes

Up to 7 in 10 (70 percent) of all miscarriages are caused when an embryo (fertilized egg) gets the wrong number of chromosomes. This usually happens by chance and is not caused by a problem that’s passed from parent to child through genes. Chromosomes are the structures in cells that holds genes. Each person has 23 pairs of chromosomes, or 46 in all. For each pair, you get one chromosome from your mother and one from your father. Miscarriages that happen in the first 3 months of pregnancy are often caused by chromosomal problems.  Examples include::

  • Blighted ovum. This is when an embryo implants in the body but doesn’t develop into a baby. If you have a blighted ovum, you may have dark-brown bleeding early in pregnancy.
  • Intrauterine fetal demise. This is when an embryo stops developing and dies.
  • Molar pregnancy. This is when tissue in the uterus forms into a grape-like structure or tumor at the beginning of pregnancy.   
  • Translocation. This is when part of a chromosome moves to another chromosome. Translocation causes a small number of repeat miscarriages.
  • Other chromosome issues, such as anencephaly (a type of neural tube defect), trisomies (a problem that can cause conditions such as Down syndrome), renal agenesis (a type of kidney defect) or hydrops (a type of thalassemia)

Problems with the uterus or cervix.

Problems with the uterus and cervix that can cause miscarriage after 12 weeks but before 20 weeks include:

  • Septate uterus. This is when a band of muscle or tissue (called a septum) divides the uterus in two sections. If you have a septate uterus, your provider may recommend surgery before you try to get pregnant to repair the uterus to help reduce your risk of miscarriage. Septate uterus is the most common kind of congenital uterine abnormality. Septate uterus is a common cause of repeat miscarriages.
  • Asherman syndrome. If you have this condition, you have scars or scar tissue in the uterus that can damage the endometrium (the lining of the uterus). Before you get pregnant, your provider may use a procedure called hysteroscopy to find and remove scar tissue. Asherman syndrome may often cause repeat miscarriages that happen before you know you’re pregnant.
  • Fibroids and polyps or scars from surgery on the uterus. Fibroids, polyps and scars can limit space for your baby or interfere with your baby’s blood supply. Before you try to get pregnant, you may need a surgery called myomectomy to remove them.
  • Cervical insufficiency (also called incompetent cervix). This is when your cervix opens (dilates) too early during pregnancy, usually without pain or contractions. To help prevent this, your provider may recommend cerclage. This is a stitch your provider puts in your cervix to help keep it closed.

Infections

Infections can cause miscarriage.  Common infections include:

  • Parvovirus B19. Parvovirus causes fifth disease, a common childhood illness.
  • Cytomegalovirus
  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs).  STIs, such as genital herpes and syphilis, are infections you can get from having sex with someone who is infected. If you think you may have an STI, tell your health care provider right away. Early testing and treatment can help protect you and your baby.  
  • Listeriosis.  Listeriosis is a kind of food poisoning. If you think you have listeriosis, call your provider right away. Your provider may treat you with antibiotics to help keep you and your baby safe.

Other possible causes of miscarriage include:

  • Abnormal blood clots
  • Placental abruption
  • Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM). PROM is when the amniotic sac around your baby breaks (your water breaks) before labor starts.
  • Preterm labor

Are you at risk for a miscarriage?

Some things may make you more likely than other pregnant people to have a miscarriage. These are called risk factors. Risk factors for miscarriage include:

  • Having two or more previous miscarriages
  • Being 35 or older. As you get older, your risk of having a miscarriage increases. The age of your partner also may increase the risk of miscarriage.
  • Smoking, drinking alcohol or using street drugs. Street drugs include cocaine and methamphetamines. If you’re pregnant or thinking about getting pregnant and need help to quit, tell your provider.  
  • Being exposed to harmful chemicals. You or your partner having contact with harmful chemicals, like solvents, may increase your risk of miscarriage. A solvent is a chemical that dissolves other substances, like some detergent mixtures and paint thinner. Exposure to lead, arsenic, radiation or air pollution can also be harmful. Talk with your provider about what you can do to protect yourself and your baby.

Some health conditions may increase your risk for miscarriage. Treatment of these conditions before and during pregnancy can sometimes help prevent miscarriage and repeat miscarriages. If you have any of these health conditions, tell your health care provider before you get pregnant or as soon as you know you’re pregnant: 

  • Autoimmune disorders. These health conditions happen when the body attacks its own healthy tissue by mistake. Autoimmune disorders that may increase your risk of miscarriage include antiphospholipid syndrome and lupus (also called systemic lupus erythematosus or SLE). If you have antiphospholipid syndrome, your body makes antibodies that attack certain fats that line the blood vessels; this can sometimes cause blood clots. If you have antiphospholipid syndrome and have had repeat miscarriages, your provider may give you low-dose aspirin and a medicine called heparin during pregnancy and for a few weeks after you give birth to help prevent another miscarriage.
  • Obesity. This means your body mass index (also called BMI) is 30 or higher. BMI is a measure of body fat based on your height and weight. To find out your BMI, go to cdc.gov/bmi.
  • Hormone problems, such as polycystic ovary syndrome (also called PCOS) and luteal phase defect. Hormones are chemicals made by the body. Progesterone is a hormone that helps regulate your periods and gets your body ready for pregnancy. Luteal phase defect is when you have low levels of progesterone over several menstrual cycles. If you have luteal phase defect, your provider may recommend treatment with progesterone before and during pregnancy to help prevent repeat miscarriages.
  • Preexisting diabetes 
  • Preexisting hypertension
  • Thyroid problems
  • Severe kidney disease
  • Congenital heart disease
  • Severe malnutrition. This means not getting enough food or nutrients before getting pregnant.
  • Group B beta strep infection
  • Certain prenatal tests, such as amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling. These tests have a slight risk of causing a miscarriage. Your provider may recommend them if your baby is at risk for certain genetic conditions, such as Down syndrome.

Having an injury to your belly, like from falling down or getting hit, isn’t a high risk for miscarriage. Your body does a good job of protecting your baby in the early weeks of pregnancy.

Having an injury to your belly, such as from falling or getting hit or a motor vehicle accident, may be a risk for miscarriage depending on the force of the injury or fall. Your body usually does a good job of protecting your baby in the early weeks of pregnancy. If this happens contact your provider to make sure you and your baby are not injured.

Other factors that may increase your risk of miscarriage include:

  • Certain medications. Some studies show that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (also called NSAIDS) including ibuprofen, naproxen and diclofenac may increase risk. NSAIDs are a type of medicine used to relieve pain and swelling. The acne medicine isotretinoin has also been linked to miscarriage and fetal abnormalities.
  • Getting pregnant while using an intrauterine device (IUD). IUDs are devices placed in your body to prevent pregnancy. In rare cases, people can get pregnant while using an IUD.
  • Stress. Both short, intense times of stress and long-term stress can increase the risk of miscarriage.

Socioeconomic status and other social determinants of health. Racial, ethnic or financial inequalities, being at risk for violence, being homeless or not having enough food can negatively affect your health. These factors increase your risk of developing other serious and chronic health conditions that can increase your chances of miscarriage.

You may have heard that getting too much caffeine during pregnancy can increase your risk for miscarriage. Caffeine is a drug found in foods, drinks, chocolate and some medicine. It’s a stimulant, which means it can help keep you awake. More research is needed to understand the effect of caffeine on pregnancy. Until we know more about how caffeine can affect pregnancy, it’s best to limit the amount you get to 200 milligrams each day. This is what’s in about one 12-ounce cup of coffee.

You also may have heard that having sex or exercising while pregnant can cause a miscarriage. There is no proof that this is true.

How can you prevent a miscarriage?

Miscarriages usually can’t be prevented, but being healthy before pregnancy can help prevent pregnancy complications. Good pre-pregnancy health includes getting a pre-pregnancy checkup and talking with your provider about health conditions that can affect your pregnancy. It also includes taking folic acid to help prevent birth defects and making changes in your life that may affect the health of your baby.

What are the signs and symptoms of miscarriage?

Signs and symptoms of miscarriage include:

  • Bleeding from the vagina or spotting. Many people experience spotting early in their pregnancy. In most cases, it is not a sign of miscarriage. To be safe, if you have spotting or any of these signs or symptoms, call your provider.
  • Cramps, like the ones you have with your period
  • Severe belly pain
  • No longer “feeling pregnant,” such as no longer feeling the baby move, feeling nauseated or no longer having breast tenderness
  • Back pain
  • Vaginal discharge with a bad smell
  • Fever

Miscarriages can be dangerous if they’re not treated. Your provider may want to do some tests to make sure everything’s OK. These tests can include blood tests, a pelvic exam and an ultrasound.

Many pregnant people have these signs and symptoms in early pregnancy and don’t have a miscarriage.

What treatment do you get after a miscarriage or repeat miscarriages?

Treatment depends on how far along you were in your pregnancy, your overall health, your age and other factors. If you’ve had a miscarriage, your provider may recommend:

  1. Dilation and curettage (also called D&C). This is a procedure to remove any remaining tissue from the uterus. Your provider dilates (widens) your cervix and removes the tissue using an instrument called a curette.
  2. Dilation and extraction (also called D&E). This is a procedure to remove any remaining tissue from the uterus. Your provider dilates (widens) your cervix and removes the tissue using suction.
  3. Medicine. Your provider may recommend medicine that can help your body pass tissue that’s still in the uterus. If your blood type is Rh negative, you also may get a shot of Rh immunoglobulin after any miscarriage or bleeding episode in pregnancy. This can help prevent problems with future pregnancies. Rh immunoglobulin is a medicine that stops a person who is Rh negative from reacting to Rh-positive blood.

Do you need any medical tests after a miscarriage or repeat miscarriages?

If you miscarry in your first trimester, you probably don’t need any medical tests. Because we don’t often know what causes a miscarriage in the first trimester, tests may not be helpful in trying to find out a cause.

If you have repeat miscarriages in the first trimester, or if you have a miscarriage in the second trimester, your provider usually recommends tests to help find out the cause. Tests can include:

  • Chromosome tests. You and your partner can have blood tests, like karyotyping, to check for chromosome problems. Karyotyping can count how many chromosomes there are and check to see if any chromosomes have changed. If tissue from the miscarriage is available, your provider can test it for chromosomal conditions.
  • Hormone tests. You may have your blood tested to check for hormone problems. You may also have a procedure called endometrial biopsy that removes a small piece of the lining of the uterus to check for timing in the cycle and hormones.
  • Blood tests to check your immune system. Your provider may test you for autoimmune disorders like, APS and lupus.
  • Looking at the uterus. You may have an ultrasound, a hysteroscopy (when your provider inserts a special scope through the cervix to see your uterus) or a hysterosalpingography (an X-ray of the uterus) or other test.

How long does it take to recover from a miscarriage?

It can take a few weeks to a month or more for your body to recover from a miscarriage. Depending on how long you were pregnant, you may have pregnancy hormones in your blood for 1 to 2 months after you miscarry. Most women get their period again 4 to 6 weeks after a miscarriage. Talk to your provider about how to care for yourself during this time.

It may take longer to recover emotionally from a miscarriage. You may have strong feelings of grief about the death of your baby. Grief can make you feel sad, angry, confused or alone. It’s OK to take time to grieve after a miscarriage. Ask your friends and family for support, and find special ways to remember your baby. For example, if you already have baby things, like clothes and blankets, you may want to keep them in a special place. Do what’s right for you. Ask your provider about support groups or services that can help you to with recovery from grief.

Certain things, such as hearing names you were thinking of for your baby or seeing other babies, can be painful reminders of your loss. You may need help learning how to deal with these situations and the feelings they create. A support group can help. Tell your provider if you need help to deal with your grief.

If you miscarry, when can you try to get pregnant again?

This is a decision for you to make with your partner and your provider. It’s probably OK to get pregnant again after you’ve had at least one normal period. Some studies show that trying to get pregnant again soon after a miscarriage can increase your chances of conceiving. Be sure to take a vitamin supplement that has 400mcg of folic acid even if you don’t get pregnant right away. If you’re having medical tests to try to find out more about why you miscarried, you may need to wait until after you’ve had these tests to try to get pregnant again.

You may not be emotionally ready to try again so soon. Miscarriage can be hard to handle, and you may need time to grieve. It’s OK if you want to wait a while before trying to get pregnant again.

More information

From Hurt to Healing (free booklet from the March of Dimes for grieving parents)

Centering Corporation (grief information and resources)

Compassionate Friends (resources for families after the death of a child)

Journey Program of Seattle Children’s Hospital (resources for families after the death of a child)

Lupus Research Alliance: Pregnancy and family planning

Share Pregnancy & Infant Loss Support (resources for families with pregnancy or infant loss)

Last reviewed: February 2023

Miscarriage, how to avoid - Planning and management of pregnancy in the gynecology of the Literary Fund polyclinic after a miscarriage

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A miscarriage is always associated with serious consequences for the whole body of a woman and for her reproductive organs in particular, it also affects the family situation, disrupts the woman's work schedule. An unfavorable outcome of pregnancy requires great mental and physical costs on the part of parents. Therefore, turning to doctors to find out the causes of the problem is the very first and correct step towards the birth of a child.

Any competent gynecologist will tell you that the problem of miscarriage can be solved. With proper preparation for pregnancy and its management, the next time you will have a successful pregnancy. Most girls after a miscarriage go to extremes: they try to get pregnant again as soon as possible. And if this succeeds, then the miscarriage is very often repeated. And you need to give the body a rest for 2-3 months, then identify and eliminate the cause. And only then try.

Causes of miscarriage

Many are convinced that miscarriages are due to a fall, bruise, or some other physical shock. Any woman who has had a miscarriage can remember that not long before she either fell or lifted something heavy. And I am sure that she lost her unborn child precisely because of this. However, those women whose pregnancy was normal also fall and lift heavy things. Most sudden miscarriages do not occur for this reason. The reason is in violations of the pregnancy itself. Approximately half of miscarriages are due to abnormal genetic development of the fetus, which can be hereditary or accidental. Merciful nature, following the principles of natural selection in everything, destroys the defective and unviable fetus. But you should not be afraid of this. The fact that there is a defect in one embryo does not mean at all that all the others will be the same.

The woman's body is almost always to blame for the other half of miscarriages. They are caused by various known and unknown factors, such as: acute infectious diseases suffered in the first trimester of pregnancy, poor ecology or difficult working conditions, excessive psychological or physical stress, abnormal development of the uterus, radiation, alcohol, smoking and certain types of drugs.

The causes of early and late miscarriage may differ, although they may overlap. The most important thing is to find out and eliminate or compensate for your own cause of miscarriage. Having discovered the cause, the gynecologist will tell you how to avoid another loss.

Miscarriage

Miscarriage statistics also include “missed pregnancy”. Sometimes it happens that the embryo dies and lingers in the uterine cavity. Most often, this fact is detected by ultrasound. The dead fetus may begin to decompose, and this, thereby, will lead to poisoning of the mother's body.

Doctors resort to surgical curettage, which is associated with a risk of inflammation and complications. With such a miscarriage, the next pregnancy is planned after the body is fully restored - not earlier than a year. During this year, you will have to find out the cause of the missed pregnancy and treat it.

Miscarriage up to 6 weeks

The main causes of miscarriage on this line are malformations of the embryo itself. Statistics say that from 70-90% of embryos had chromosomal abnormalities: they are random and will not occur in other pregnancies. You may have been ill, taken medication, or were under the influence of other harmful factors. Fate saved you from a child with malformations.

The human body is perfect and finds a way to correct the situation by miscarriage. Today is a tragedy for you. The real tragedy would be the preservation and birth of a sick, non-viable child. So don’t cry and understand: everything is for the best, you won’t help grief with tears ... And after three months, try again - it will almost certainly turn out to be successful.

It should also be noted that the fact of a miscarriage does not mean that you have lost something. So for a period of 7-8 weeks, the absence of an embryo in the fetal egg is found - "anembryony". It is believed that in 80-90% of cases, miscarriages are undiagnosed non-developing pregnancies.

Miscarriage between 6 and 12 weeks

Miscarriage in this period is also considered early. Its most common causes are:

Endocrine disorders

Endocrine disorders, when the ovaries do not synthesize enough hormones to keep the fetus in the womb, or the amount of male sex hormones is increased, is one of the most common causes of miscarriage and miscarriage.

Hormone imbalance in a woman's body is likely to lead to an early termination of pregnancy. With a lack of the main hormone progesterone produced by the ovaries, this happens most often. Another hormonal problem is an increase in the tone of the uterus, which provokes the expulsion of the fetus.

Progesterone prepares the uterine mucosa for implantation and is the hormone for maintaining pregnancy in the first months. If conception occurs, the fetus cannot properly establish itself in the uterus. As a result, the fertilized egg is rejected. But pregnancy can be saved with the help of progesterone preparations if this problem is detected in time.

An excess of male sex hormones that suppress the production of estrogen and progesterone can also be the cause of an early miscarriage. Often, the cause of recurrent miscarriages are androgens that affect the formation and development of pregnancy; as well as thyroid and adrenal hormones. Therefore, a change in the function of these glands can lead to miscarriage.

Undertreated sexual infections

This problem must be solved before conception. Often the cause of miscarriage is sexually transmitted infections: syphilis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus and herpetic infections. Their effect on the fetus and the course of pregnancy is different for each woman and depends on the timing of infection, the activity of the microorganism, the degree of immune protection and the presence of other adverse factors. Depending on the situation, they can lead to the formation of fetal malformations, intrauterine infection, feto-placental insufficiency, early miscarriage or premature birth. Infection of the fetus and damage to the membrane of the fetus leads to miscarriage. To avoid this, infections should be treated before pregnancy. The use of therapy is possible during pregnancy as prescribed by a doctor.

Viral infections and other diseases

Any disease accompanied by intoxication and fever above 38 o C can lead to a miscarriage. Rubella, influenza and viral hepatitis occupy a leading position in this list. At a period of 4-10 weeks for pregnancy, ordinary tonsillitis can also become tragic, pneumonia carries a more serious risk. Pyelonephritis and appendicitis can cause early labor. When planning a pregnancy, it is imperative to undergo a medical examination in order to identify and treat foci of infections.

Extremely dangerous during pregnancy rubella - it leads to severe fetal malformations, so infection during pregnancy is an indication for medical abortion.

Any disease during pregnancy can lead to non-viability of the fetus. And the body, through a miscarriage, insures you against unwanted offspring. With such a miscarriage, the next pregnancy has every chance of going well.

Immune causes of miscarriage

Sometimes antibodies that are hostile to the fetus are formed in the blood of a pregnant woman. This cause can be predicted and eliminated in advance. Most often, the conflict occurs when the embryo inherits the positive Rh factor of the father, and the negative Rh factor, the mother's body rejects the embryonic tissues that are alien to it. Constant monitoring of antibody titer and the introduction of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulins allows you to maintain and maintain pregnancy. In case of an immune conflict, progesterone preparations are also used to prevent miscarriage, which in this case has an immunomodulatory effect.

Reduced immunity

Reduced immunity during pregnancy is also an immune cause. The body is simply not able to grow a new life in itself. You need to take care of yourself and recover before the next conception.

Anatomical causes of miscarriage

Anatomical causes of miscarriage are the most intractable. Malformations of the uterus are a serious reason for miscarriage. Sometimes you just have to deal with it.

Miscarriage between 12 and 22 weeks

Such a miscarriage is considered late. Its causes coincide with the causes of miscarriages in the early stages (anatomical, immune, infectious, endocrine).

At this time, miscarriage also occurs due to isthmic-cervical insufficiency - a weak cervix cannot hold the fetus and opens. For this reason, a miscarriage can occur in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. Isthmic-cervical insufficiency is observed in 15.0-42.7% of women suffering from miscarriage. Careful monitoring of the pregnant woman allows you to identify the problem in time and make surgical correction of the cervix before the onset of childbirth.

In isthmic-cervical insufficiency, there is only one method of treatment - a mechanical narrowing of the cervical canal. To do this, the neck is either sewn up or a special ring is put on it. However, the latter method is less efficient, because the ring can easily slide off the neck, then it will no longer hold back the process of opening it.

After suturing, if necessary, it is possible to use antibiotics and drugs that normalize the microflora of the vagina. The treatment of the vagina and the control of the state of the seams are carried out daily for 5 days. Stitches are removed at 37-38 weeks and with premature onset of labor.

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency may be primary (for no apparent reason), may be the result of abortion or hormonal disorders (increased levels of androgens - male sex hormones or their precursors).

Miscarriage after 22 weeks

Such a loss is hard to forget. Obstetricians talk about premature birth after the 28th week of pregnancy. Traditionally, a child born after this period is considered viable. But medicine knows many cases when it was possible to save the life of earlier children.

We recommend that you be carefully examined for miscarriage, check the above factors. In addition to them, the cause of a miscarriage can be antiphospholipid syndrome, while the woman's body perceives the child as something alien and rejects it. This disease, like the others listed, can be corrected; you have a very real chance of bearing a child.

Miscarriages due to hemostasis disorders

All of the above causes account for only 30-40%. Up to 70% of miscarriages are caused by disorders in the blood coagulation system (hemostasis).

Blood coagulation disorders leading to pregnancy loss can be divided into thrombophilic (increased clotting) and hemorrhagic (bleeding tendencies). Both of these extremes are dangerous to the fetus. Various disorders leading to the formation of small blood clots lead to the fact that the fetus loses sufficient blood supply, development is disturbed and the fetus is rejected.

The main hemorrhagic changes can manifest themselves even in childhood in the form of increased bleeding during cuts, extractions of teeth, the onset of menstruation. But sometimes they declare themselves only during pregnancy and are the cause of a miscarriage. Bleeding in the early stages and detachment of the chorion is difficult to stop.

You may not guess, but incomprehensible headaches, weakness, fatigue, temporary loss of smell or hearing may be symptoms of disorders in the blood clotting system.

When planning a pregnancy, a genetic examination should be carried out and, if necessary, treatment should be initiated.

It is advisable to be examined for hidden hemostasis defects even for those who consider themselves healthy. This will allow you to predict the occurrence of complications and prevent loss. Early therapy can prevent miscarriage at 98% of cases. If defects in hemostasis are already detected during pregnancy, it can be difficult to maintain it.

What to do after a miscarriage?

Find the cause! The ideal option is to be examined by future parents: it is much more reasonable to postpone conception and spend two or three months to identify the causes than to risk getting pregnant again, spend two months waiting, and then lose everything again and still go to the doctors.

Until you understand the reason, it will not evaporate. In most cases, the answers lie on the surface. Take care of your health and your future baby.

Sign up for a consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist by phone +7 (495) 150-60-01

Tyan Oksana Alexandrovna

Obstetrician-gynecologist Doctor of the highest category Work experience: 26 years

Volkova Polina Dmitrievna

Obstetrician-gynecologist, doctor of ultrasound diagnostics Doctor of the highest category Work experience: 36 years

Postnikova Nadezhda Anatolyevna

Obstetrician-gynecologist, ultrasound specialist Experience: 35 years

Moiseeva Alla Vitalievna

Obstetrician-gynecologist, doctor of ultrasound diagnostics Doctor of the first category Work experience: 37 years

Zabolotnova Olga Valentinovna

Obstetrician-gynecologist Doctor of the first category Experience: 26 years

Shchelokova Elena Nikolaevna

Obstetrician-gynecologist Doctor of the highest category Experience: 38 years

Maksimova Tamara Anatolyevna

Obstetrician-gynecologist Work experience: 8 years

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Early miscarriage - symptoms and how to prevent it

The term "early miscarriage" refers to a spontaneous abortion that occurs in the first 6-8 weeks of pregnancy. It can occur before 20 weeks of pregnancy for reasons related to the natural states of the fair sex. According to statistics, the logical outcome of every fifth pregnancy is a miscarriage. However, quite often a woman does not even know that she was pregnant by the time the fetus is rejected by the body.

In addition, a curious pattern was revealed: more often than a natural one, a pregnancy induced artificially ends in a miscarriage. For example, in vitro fertilization, unfortunately, does not always lead to a successful pregnancy and the birth of a baby on time.

Why can an early miscarriage occur?

Here are the most common causes, each of which significantly increases the risk of miscarriage:

  • the future mother has some infectious diseases, as well as STDs;
  • intoxication of a woman's body for various reasons, including as a result of her living in an ecologically unfavorable region;
  • all kinds of metabolic disorders in the body;
  • hormonal disruptions, including those caused by a malfunction of the thyroid gland;
  • various neoplasms in the uterus and others, as well as the cervix, pathologies;
  • future mother leading a life far from a healthy lifestyle. May include drinking alcohol, smoking, taking psychotropic and narcotic drugs, as well as malnutrition;
  • obesity;
  • immune status disorders;
  • cardiac diseases;
  • diabetes mellitus;
  • too early for pregnancy or, conversely, the patient's overly mature age at times increases the risk of miscarriage;
  • all kinds of pathologies of chromosomes and genes;
  • prolonged exposure to stress or severe psycho-emotional trauma in a woman.
The timing of a miscarriage may depend, among other things, on the patient's genetic predisposition to miscarriage. Finally, often its specific cause remains unexplained to the end.

Symptoms of miscarriage

A pregnant woman should urgently seek medical help if she has the following warning signs:

  • bleeding from the vagina;
  • spotting discharge from the genital tract. They can have both light pink and intense red or brownish tint;
  • convulsions;
  • severe pain in the lumbar region;
  • abdominal pain, etc.

All of the above signs can be symptoms of a miscarriage. Timely provision of qualified medical care is the key to maintaining pregnancy.

Life after miscarriage

If a woman could not bear the pregnancy - an early miscarriage crossed out all her plans - then she needs to calm down and take all measures to prevent such complications in the future. Usually obstetricians-gynecologists recommend planning a new pregnancy no earlier than six months after a miscarriage. During this time, a woman needs to be examined and find out if she has any pathology in her body that could lead to an abortion. It can be various STDs and infectious diseases. In the presence of chronic diseases that can provoke spontaneous abortion, it is necessary to throw all your efforts into their treatment.

Gynecologists of the corresponding department of our private clinic in Ryazan will help you find out what could have caused the miscarriage, as well as make recommendations on how to prepare for pregnancy.

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