How to help autistic child at home
Helping Your Child with Autism Thrive
autism
There are many things you can do to help a child with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) overcome their challenges. These parenting tips, treatments, and services can help.
A parent's guide to autism treatment and support
If you've recently learned that your child has or might have autism spectrum disorder, you're probably wondering and worrying about what comes next. No parent is ever prepared to hear that a child is anything other than happy and healthy, and an ASD diagnosis can be particularly frightening. You may be unsure about how to best help your child, or confused by conflicting treatment advice. Or you may have been told that ASD is an incurable, lifelong condition, leaving you concerned that nothing you do will make a difference.
While it is true that ASD is not something a person simply “grows out of,” there are many treatments that can help children acquire new skills and overcome a wide variety of developmental challenges. From free government services to in-home behavioral therapy and school-based programs, assistance is available to meet your child's special needs and help them learn, grow, and thrive in life.
When you’re looking after an autistic child, it’s also important to take care of yourself. Being emotionally strong allows you to be the best parent you can be to your child in need. These parenting tips can help by making life with an autistic child easier.
Don't wait for a diagnosis
As the parent of a child with ASD or related developmental delays, the best thing you can do is to start treatment right away. Seek help as soon as you suspect something's wrong. Don't wait to see if your child will catch up later or outgrow the problem. Don't even wait for an official diagnosis. The earlier children with autism spectrum disorder get help, the greater their chance of treatment success. Early intervention is the most effective way to speed up your child's development and reduce the symptoms of autism over the lifespan.
[Read: Does My Child Have Autism?]
Helping your child with autism thrive tip 1: Provide structure and safety
Learning all you can about autism and getting involved in treatment will go a long way toward helping your child. Additionally, the following tips will make daily home life easier for both you and your child with ASD:
Be consistent. Children with ASD have a hard time applying what they've learned in one setting (such as the therapist's office or school) to others, including the home. For example, your child may use sign language at school to communicate, but never think to do so at home. Creating consistency in your child's environment is the best way to reinforce learning. Find out what your child's therapists are doing and continue their techniques at home. Explore the possibility of having therapy take place in more than one place in order to encourage your child to transfer what he or she has learned from one environment to another. It's also important to be consistent in the way you interact with your child and deal with challenging behaviors.
Stick to a schedule. Autistic children tend to do best when they have a highly-structured schedule or routine. Again, this goes back to the consistency they both need and crave. Set up a schedule for your child, with regular times for meals, therapy, school, and bedtime. Try to keep disruptions to this routine to a minimum. If there is an unavoidable schedule change, prepare your child for it in advance.
Reward good behavior. Positive reinforcement can go a long way with children with ASD, so make an effort to “catch them doing something good.” Praise them when they act appropriately or learn a new skill, being very specific about what behavior they're being praised for. Also look for other ways to reward them for good behavior, such as giving them a sticker or letting them play with a favorite toy.
Create a home safety zone. Carve out a private space in your home where your child can relax, feel secure, and be safe. This will involve organizing and setting boundaries in ways your child can understand. Visual cues can be helpful (colored tape marking areas that are off limits, labeling items in the house with pictures). You may also need to safety proof the house, particularly if your child is prone to tantrums or other self-injurious behaviors.
Tip 2: Find nonverbal ways to connect
Connecting with an autistic child can be challenging, but you don't need to talk—or even touch—in order to communicate and bond. You communicate by the way you look at your child, by the tone of your voice, your body language – and possibly the way you touch your child. Your child is also communicating with you, even if he or she never speaks. You just need to learn the language.
Look for nonverbal cues. If you are observant and aware, you can learn to pick up on the nonverbal cues that autistic children use to communicate. Pay attention to the kinds of sounds they make, their facial expressions, and the gestures they use when they're tired, hungry, or want something.
Figure out the motivation behind the tantrum. It's only natural to feel upset when you are misunderstood or ignored, and it's no different for children with ASD. When children with ASD act out, it's often because you're not picking up on their nonverbal cues. Throwing a tantrum is their way of communicating their frustration and getting your attention.
[Read: Autism Behavior Problems]
Make time for fun. A child coping with ASD is still a child. For both autistic children and their parents, there needs to be more to life than therapy. Schedule playtime when your child is most alert and awake. Figure out ways to have fun together by thinking about the things that make your child smile, laugh, and come out of her/his shell. Your child is likely to enjoy these activities most if they don't seem therapeutic or educational. There are tremendous benefits that result from your enjoyment of your child's company and from your child's enjoyment of spending unpressured time with you. Play is an essential part of learning for all children and shouldn't feel like work.
Pay attention to your child's sensory sensitivities. Many children with ASD are hypersensitive to light, sound, touch, taste, and smell. Some children with autism are “under-sensitive” to sensory stimuli. Figure out what sights, sounds, smells, movements, and tactile sensations trigger your kid's “bad” or disruptive behaviors and what elicits a positive response. What does your child find stressful? Calming? Uncomfortable? Enjoyable? If you understand what affects your child, you'll be better at troubleshooting problems, preventing situations that cause difficulties, and creating successful experiences.
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Tip 3: Create a personalized autism treatment plan
With so many different treatments available, it can be tough to figure out which approach is right for your child. Making things more complicated, you may hear different or even conflicting recommendations from parents, teachers, and doctors.
When putting together a treatment plan for your child, keep in mind that there is no single treatment that works for everyone. Each person on the autism spectrum is unique, with different strengths and weaknesses.
Your child's treatment should be tailored according to their individual needs. You know your child best, so it's up to you to make sure those needs are being met. You can do that by asking yourself the following questions:
What are my child's strengths – and their weaknesses?
What behaviors are causing the most problems? What important skills is my child lacking?
How does my child learn best – through seeing, listening, or doing?
What does my child enjoy – and how can those activities be used in treatment and to bolster learning?
Finally, keep in mind that no matter what treatment plan is chosen, your involvement is vital to success. You can help your child get the most out of treatment by working hand-in-hand with the treatment team and following through with the therapy at home. (This is why your well-being is essential!)
A good treatment plan will:
- Build on your child's interests.
- Offer a predictable schedule.
- Teach tasks as a series of simple steps.
- Actively engage your child's attention in highly structured activities.
- Provide regular reinforcement of behavior.
- Involve the parents.
Tip 4: Find help and support
Caring for a child with autism can demand a lot of energy and time. There may be days when you feel overwhelmed, stressed, or discouraged. Parenting isn't ever easy, and raising a child with special needs is even more challenging. In order to be the best parent you can be, it's essential that you take care of yourself.
Don't try to do everything on your own. You don't have to! There are many places that families of children with ASD can turn to for advice, a helping hand, advocacy, and support:
ADS support groups – Joining an ASD support group is a great way to meet other families dealing with the same challenges you are. Parents can share information, get advice, and lean on each other for emotional support. Just being around others in the same boat and sharing their experience can go a long way toward reducing the isolation many parents feel after receiving a child's diagnosis.
Respite care – Every parent needs a break now and again. And for parents coping with the added stress of ASD, this is especially true. In respite care, another caregiver takes over temporarily, giving you a break for a few hours, days, or even weeks.
[Read: Respite Care]
Individual, marital, or family counseling – If stress, anxiety, or depression is getting to you, you may want to see a therapist of your own. Therapy is a safe place where you can talk honestly about everything you're feeling—the good, the bad, and the ugly. Marriage or family therapy can also help you work out problems that the challenges of life with an autistic child are causing in your spousal relationship or with other family members.
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Free U.S. government services for children with autism
Under the U.S. federal law known as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA), children with disabilities—including those with ASD—are eligible for a range of free or low-cost services. Under this provision, children in need and their families may receive medical evaluations, psychological services, speech therapy, physical therapy, parent counseling and training, assisted technology devices, and other specialized services.
Children under the age of 10 do not need an autism diagnosis to receive free services under IDEA. If they are experiencing a developmental delay (including delays in communication or social development), they are automatically eligible for early intervention and special education services.
Early intervention services (birth through age two)
Infants and toddlers through the age of two receive assistance through the Early Intervention program. In order to qualify, your child must first undergo a free evaluation. If the assessment reveals a developmental problem, you will work with early intervention treatment providers to develop an Individualized Family Service Plan (IFSP). An IFSP describes your child's needs and the specific services he or she will receive.
For autism, an IFSP would include a variety of behavior, physical, speech, and play therapies. It would focus on preparing autistic kids for the eventual transition to school. Early intervention services are typically conducted in the home or at a child care center.
To locate local early intervention services for your child, ask your pediatrician for a referral or use the resources listed in the Resources section at the end of the article.
Special education services (age three and older)
Children over the age of three receive assistance through school-based programs. As with early intervention, special education services are tailored to your child's individual needs. Autistic children are often placed with other developmentally delayed kids in small groups where they can receive more individual attention and specialized instruction. However, depending on their abilities, they may also spend at least part of the school day in a regular classroom. The goal is to place kids in the “least restrictive environment” possible where they are still able to learn.
If you'd like to pursue special education services, your local school system will first need to evaluate your child. Based on this assessment, an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) will be drafted. An IEP outlines the educational goals for your child for the school year. Additionally, it describes the special services or supports the school will provide your child in order to meet those goals.
Caring for a child with autism when you are autistic
Research indicates that there is a genetic component to autism. However, many parents only discover they’re autistic when they research and obtain a formal diagnosis for their own child. If you’re autistic, you might face unique challenges when it comes to raising children who are also neurodivergent. Here are a few tips that may help:
Don’t hide your identity. Let your child get to know the real you. If you have certain quirks, such as repetitive behaviors or unusual body movements, don’t feel pressured to mask them in front of your child. By being yourself, you’re encouraging your autistic child to be themselves around you and creating an opportunity to bond over your similarities. You can also talk with your child about how neurotypical individuals may react to your behaviors and how to handle negative reactions. Aim to offer the type of guidance you could’ve used when you were young.
Remember to care for yourself. Caring for a child can be challenging if you struggle with sensory needs or require a highly structured lifestyle. For example, if you’re sensitive to sounds, a crying child may be a constant source of stress and discomfort. A child’s sudden tantrums can make it hard for you to stick to a consistent schedule, creating further frustration. To protect your own sense of well-being, it’s important for you to adopt coping habits that help reduce your stress in these types of situations.
[Read: Autism in Adults: Recognizing the Signs, Living with a Diagnosis]
If certain tasks seem overwhelming, look to other people for support. For example, if communicating with doctors and teachers poses a challenge, a parenting mentor or other parents with autism might be able to help you come up with solutions.
Build on your strengths. Everyone has specific strengths, and you’re no exception. Consider how your skills and talents can help you establish a supportive household for your child. Do you excel at visual thinking or design? Create educational posters for your child. Are you able to focus for long periods of time? Use that focus to research and study up on parenting practices and coping strategies. Are you good at problem-solving? Use your creativity and out-of-the-box thinking to overcome challenges around the house.
Be patient with yourself and your child. Be willing to accept that you both have plenty of time to grow and learn. You might experience some setbacks. Perhaps, you lose your temper and feel ashamed by your reaction. Or maybe your child has a hard time fitting in with peers when they start school. Resolve to learn from bad experiences and find solutions, even if you have to make multiple attempts. When one of you does make progress, remember to acknowledge the growth. Offer your child praise and celebrate your personal successes as well.
Authors: Authors: Melinda Smith, M.A., Jeanne Segal, Ph.D., and Ted Hutman, Ph. D.
Ted Hutman, Ph.D. is Assistant Clinical Professor in Psychiatry at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and a licensed clinical psychologist practicing in Santa Monica, CA.
- References
Neurodevelopmental Disorders. (2013). In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x01_Neurodevelopmental_Disorders
Autism spectrum disorder: MedlinePlus Genetics. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/autism-spectrum-disorder/
Autistic children may inherit DNA mutations from their fathers | Science | AAAS. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https://www. science.org/content/article/autistic-children-may-inherit-dna-mutations-their-fathers
Five Tips for Autistic Parents from This Autistic Parent – The Asperger / Autism Network (AANE). (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https://www.aane.org/five-tips-for-autistic-parents-from-this-autistic-parent/
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (ACT). (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https://www.apa.org/advocacy/education/idea
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Services | CDC. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/cp/treatment.html
Sensory differences—A guide for all audiences. (n.d.). Retrieved June 16, 2022, from https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/topics/sensory-differences/sensory-differences/all-audiences
The Autism Revolution – Whole body strategies for making life all it can be (Harvard Health Books)
Living with Autism – Including how to cope with stress on the family, make the home safe, and deal with sibling issues. (Autism Society of America)
Life Journey Through Autism: A Parent's Guide to Research (PDF) – Guide to choosing treatments for your children. (Organization for Autism Research)
Parent Guide to IDEA – Guide to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in the U.S. (National Center for Learning Disabilities)
Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) – Learn all about IEPs in the U.S. for kids with autism and other developmental issues. (KidsHealth)
How is Autism Treated? – Therapies and treatments. (Autism Speaks)
Hotlines and support
In the U.S.: Call the Autism Society National Helpline at 1-800-328-8476.
UK: Call the Child Autism UK helpline at 01344 882248 or find help and support at The National Autistic Society.
Australia: Call the Early Intervention helpdesk in Perth at 1800 778 581 or Get support for your child from NDIS.
Canada: Call the Autism Canada Family Support Representative at 1-800-983-1795.
New Zealand: Find helplines and support in your area at Autism New Zealand.
Last updated: November 1, 2022
10 ways a parent can help their autistic child
September 4, 2018
This is a post by Kimberlee Rutan McCafferty, mother to two sons on the autism spectrum and an Autism Family Partner at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP). Kim is also the author of a blog about her two children with autism, at autismmommytherapist.wordpress.com.
It seems impossible, but somehow you’ve crossed everything off your initial to-do list, and your son or daughter is set. Maybe he is now firmly ensconced in an Early Intervention program, and you’ve already booked the eight million school evaluations required to get him into a pre-school program. Perhaps your daughter is older and has just entered a classroom, spent a few weeks there and is doing well. You’ve dotted your I’s and crossed your T’s, and for once there’s no phone call to make, no appointment to schedule. You’ve gotten the help your child needs.
And perhaps as you’re enjoying a latte (which I hope you are, you deserve it), you wonder what’s next.
First of all, make sure you savor the moment. Take the time to celebrate your successful navigation of your state’s Early Intervention system or your school district’s IEP team, and give yourself about twenty hugs and buy yourself a little something fun.
Then take a deep breath, gird your loins, and move on to the next phase of your life with an autistic child.
I remember being at that phase, with my eldest son who is severely autistic being enrolled at three-and-a-half in a full day pre-school program and pregnant with my second child. While part of me wanted desperately to sit in bed all day and watch “Sex and the City” re-runs, I knew there was still a lot to do that I’d put off while trying to get the appropriate services for my child and dealing with our move to a new state. Here are ten things I did (or wish I’d done) after the ink dried on my son’s IEP.
- No matter how exhausted you are, get your child out in the community. It was a struggle with us with Justin (I have the tiny little bitemarks on my body to prove it) but getting him out so he could have a repertoire of leisure activities was crucial to his happiness and to our family’s. It set him up for a lifetime of being able to try different things, which will set him in good stead when I’m no longer here to take him places. Yes, I’m always planning.
- If you haven’t already done so, join a parent group and/or your school district’s special education PTA. You will make invaluable connections at both. Try to find parents of kids with your kid’s level of autism as you’re making friends. These people will be a wealth of information for you and a lifeline.
- If you can afford it, hire an advocate to check out your child’s school program. A fresh set of eyes may see areas that need to improve, or may reassure you that they are doing all they can for your son or daughter. It’s always good to know one in case you need an advocate at an IEP meeting. If you’ve already met you won’t be scrambling to find one.
- If possible, volunteer at school functions or offer to be a class mom. This is a great way to get to know your child’s teacher and your school’s administrators better. You may also make friends with other parents too.
- No matter how difficult your child can be, take any offer of babysitting you can and get out. You need a night off from autism once in a while. Even if it’s for a few hours, a break will help.
- Now that your child’s program is set tackle the big issues one at a time- perhaps it’s sleeping, or eating, or potty training. If your child is in a private school there may be a BCBA on staff who can help you. If not and you can afford it, consider hiring a BCBA from an agency. Pick an issue and prioritize.
- Educate your friends and family as to what’s going on in your household. Perhaps you’ve been too tired up to this point to talk to people not in the “tribe” about what raising an autistic child is really like. It’s time to tell them and ask for the support you need, even if it’s just an ear to listen. My husband and I kept too much to ourselves, and if I could go back in time I’d be more open with everyone in our lives.
- Make those doctor appointments for yourself that you’ve been putting off. Just do it.
- Get involved in an autism walk in your community. It is so powerful to meet so many families like (and unlike) yours. It will give you strength.
- I can’t stress this one enough- take care of yourself, not just your kid. Autism is a marathon, not a sprint. You owe it to yourself and your child to be whole, healthy, and happy. Do whatever it takes to get there.
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Autism Speaks does not provide medical or legal advice or services. Rather, Autism Speaks provides general information about autism as a service to the community. The information provided on our website is not a recommendation, referral or endorsement of any resource, therapeutic method, or service provider and does not replace the advice of medical, legal or educational professionals. Autism Speaks has not validated and is not responsible for any information, events, or services provided by third parties. The views and opinions expressed in blogs on our website do not necessarily reflect the views of Autism Speaks.
Olga Rudik - How to help an autistic child read online
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Olga Sergeevna Rudik
How to help an autistic child
(Book for parents)
© Rudik O.S., 2014
© Humanitarian Publishing Center VLADOS, 2014
* * *
Introduction
Most recently, April 2, 2013 was World Autism Awareness Day. UN General Assembly Resolution No. 62/139dated January 21, 2008, highlights the magnitude of the problem: “…deeply concerned about the large number and high proportion of children with autism in all regions of the world and the resulting developmental challenges associated with the implementation of long-term programs of health care, education, training and therapy by governments, nongovernmental organizations and the private sector, and its enormous implications for children, their families, communities and societies…”
Currently, Russian demographers and sociologists have noted that in the conditions of modern life in our society, the family suffers most of all. The established ethical and moral norms, family traditions are weakened. Relationships in the family are often tense, the main reason for which experts note its insufficient economic security. And this, in turn, reduces the educational potential of the family, and in the case of the birth of a child with developmental disabilities, its role in rehabilitation and socialization in most cases becomes insignificant. Family trouble is the most important reason for the increased number of childhood and adolescent emotional and developmental disorders. This creates significant problems and complicates the process of special correctional and pedagogical assistance.
Back in 2000, the prevalence of autism was thought to be between 5 and 26 cases per 10,000 children. In 2005, there was an average of one case of autism per 250-300 newborns: this is more often than isolated deafness and blindness combined, Down syndrome, diabetes mellitus or childhood cancers. According to the World Autism Organization, in 2008 there was one case of autism in 150 children. In ten years, the number of children with autism has increased 10 times. It is believed that the upward trend will continue in the future.
According to current data, childhood autism and related mental and social developmental difficulties appear in about 20 out of 10,000 children. The fate of such a child very often depends on the human qualities of the people around him, on their goodwill, willingness to take on extra care and, of course, on their level of knowledge on this issue. Knowing the characteristics of the psychological development of children with autism helps to notice such kids and turn to specialists in a timely manner.
In this book, which consists of three sections and an appendix, the author tells parents about the development and behavior of a child with autism, how a specialist and parents should complement each other and be the basis for developing a unified strategy and tactics in relation to the child - and in educational institution, and at home. To help an autistic child adapt in kindergarten, at school (and in life), parents must work closely with specialists. The more enlightened in the defectological plan the parents are, the greater positive changes in the development of the child can be expected. To establish closer contact with specialists with whom parents will communicate, it is necessary to navigate the problem, for which one of the characteristics of groups of children with RDA is presented in SECTION I. "General characteristics of autism"
It is the constant work of specialists with an autistic child and his family that is the key to successful development and positive dynamics in children. With the same severity of early prerequisites, the fate of a child with autism can develop in completely different ways. If for many years in a row specialists of various profiles will deal with him, if his parents realize that without doing anything, it is impossible to hope for positive changes, and that the child will not become different “by itself”, then this is one option. If all of the above is not there, it is completely different.
Experts say that the formation of a child's personality is influenced by both genetic factors and the surrounding environment and people. The child most often spends most of his time with his parents, so dad and mom are sometimes the only adults who have complete information about the development and behavior of the child.
No matter how varied the forms of work with parents, they are beneficial only when they are carried out not occasionally, but systematically and purposefully. Specific methods of attracting the attention of a child, organizing his behavior, teaching skills to overcome unwanted forms of behavior are based on the knowledge of parents about the specifics of working with a child with early autism. This issue is the subject of SECTION II. "Working with children with RDA in the family."
The work of the parents of an autistic child is very specific, since the behavior of such a child cannot always be explained in terms of logic. His actions sometimes confuse not only those around him, but even those close to him. So, sometimes parents come to a psychologist and ask why their son or daughter reacted to their words or actions in an inexplicable way from the point of view of an adult.
Correctional work with an autistic child, as a rule, requires a lot of emotional costs and is long-term. Therefore, it also happens that parents, expecting a quick effect and not getting it, give up and despair. That is why they so need the constant support of a psychologist or teacher who works with the child, knows well the peculiarities of his perception and behavior and can explain to mom or dad the reason for an inadequate act.
Very often, an autistic child behaves as if he exists alone, completely oblivious to the surrounding children and adults. Parents who put a lot of effort into his upbringing and education need to get “feedback” from him: is he satisfied, does he need additional attention from relatives, communication with them, etc. However, parents can receive this “feedback” far from always. In this case, parents can be advised to treat the child with utmost attention, to follow the slightest manifestations of his internal state, facial expressions, gestures. After all, sometimes only by a random phrase, even by a single exclamation, by a fleeting movement, one can guess about those experiences, desires, fears, in the power of which the child is.
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10 tips for talking to an autistic child
Autism can make social interaction and conversation difficult with children. This may be due to several underlying causes of autism. However, there are ways to help the child and encourage him to talk.
At what age do children with autism start talking?
While some parents wonder why their two year old hasn't started talking, there are other parents who are still waiting for their six year old to say his first words. There is no set age for learning, but parents are always worried about when their child will talk. Reports show that children with autism begin learning at the age of 6 and older.
How can you help your autistic child speak?
If you are wondering, "Will my autistic child be able to speak?" We offer you the best ways to help your child speed up the process:
1. Increase social interaction
Children are said to learn and adapt to their environment, so the first thing to do is not let him feel like he is can't do things like normal kids. Take him to parks and increase his social interaction, the more people talk the more tempted he will be to do the same.
2. Take his interest into account.
When you focus on what he likes and cares about, you will notice that he pays attention to you and listens to you. You can start by giving your child his game of favorites and let him play with you every day. Once your child is used to playing with a toy, all you need to do is keep the toy some distance away from him, in a place where he can't easily reach it. When your child asks about gestural play, first convey it to him, but over time you will seem unable to understand his actions. This will convince him to talk in order to get what he wants.
3. Use simple language
The simpler the language, the better your child will understand words. Using simple and short words and avoiding complex words will make it easier for him. This will allow your child to quickly understand the language and reciprocate.
4. Use Non-Verbal Communication
Non-verbal communication forms the basis of verbal communication. By imitating your child's gestures and everything he does, your head nods when you say yes, and so on, it becomes easier and faster for him to learn. The simpler the gestures and non-verbal communication, the easier it will be for your child to better understand and adapt communication skills in the future.
5. Comment on tags for things and feelings.
Give your child the names of things and feelings. The best way to teach him is to keep him careful, for example if he goes to the fridge tell him he is doing it because he is hungry or thirsty. This will allow him to recognize the names of things around him and give names to various senses.
6. Use of technological means.
Modern technology and visual support not only makes it easier for you to teach your autistic child to speak, but also helps them understand better and in a fun way. There are many apps and games that make learning fun and easy and have been specifically designed for children with autism.
7. Join a dedicated parent education group
Google has many ways to teach your autistic child to speak, but it's also a good idea to join a parent education group or school. Here you will connect with parents who are facing the same problem, and you can also find better ways to raise a child with autism.
8. Contact with eyes.
It may upset you that your child does not make eye contact with anyone he is talking to.