Diarrhea and heartburn in early pregnancy

Gastroenteritis In Pregnancy, Diarrhea In Early Pregnancy And Gut Problems

The female body changes when you’re expecting. Find out what gastrointestinal problems happen during pregnancy at each trimester and how to deal with them.

Bringing a new human into the world is miraculous and exciting, but it comes with a whole bouquet of changes for the body, not in the least the digestive system which is very sensitive during this time of transition.

Table of contents

• 1. Pregnancy symptoms by trimester
• 2. Morning sickness, nausea and pregnancy
• 3.Diarrhea in early pregnancy
• 4.Upper stomach pain during pregnancy
• 5.Gastroenteritis in pregnancy
• 6.Pregnancy, gas and bloating
• 7.Constipation and pregnancy
• 8.Is it IBS or pregnancy?

Common pregnancy symptoms by trimester

A normal pregnancy term is 40 weeks, but it can range from 37 to 42 weeks. This period is divided into trimesters which reflect specific developmental milestones for the foetus. The first trimester goes from week 1 to 13, the second from week 14 to 26, and the third from week 27 to 40.

Pregnancy puts a lot of pressure on the digestive system. On the one hand, it must extract enough nutrients to nourish your body and that of a growing baby. On the other, your abdomen is put under physical pressure as the baby grows and takes up more room inside of you.

Each trimester is associated with a number of changes in the body, many of which can influence the gastrointestinal (GI) system such as heartburn, nausea, diarrhea in early pregnancy, or constipation.

☝️TIP☝️Discover how your genes influence your body’s levels of female sex hormones that are essential for fertility and pregnancy with the Atlas DNA test.

Causes of gastrointestinal issues during pregnancy

Pregnancy can intensify underlying conditions, even if you weren’t aware of them before your egg got fertilised. There are a number of lifestyle and medical reasons behind gastrointestinal problems during pregnancy:

• Changes in hormones
• Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and poor diet
• Antacids with calcium or aluminum
• Certain medications
• Viral or bacterial infection
• Food intolerances and allergies
• Stress
• Thyroid disorders

If you have chronic GI problems, like IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome), acid reflux, or GERD (GastroEsophogeal Reflux Disease), their symptoms will most likely intensify during pregnancy. So if you are planning a pregnancy, consult your doctor for advice.

Morning sickness, nausea and pregnancy

Morning sickness and diarrhoea during pregnancy are common because your body is undergoing important hormonal shifts to accommodate the baby’s development. No matter when it happens, if you get diarrhea at 8 weeks pregnant or later, you’ll need to increase your fluid intake and monitor how long it lasts.

In particular, if you have morning sickness and diarrhea or diarrhea and vomiting in pregnancy, it may be the sign of a tummy bug (especially if you’ve recently travelled to foreign countries), so remember to stay hydrated and consult your doctor if it doesn’t clear up quickly.

☝️FACT☝️ 70–80% of pregnant women have nausea and vomiting during their first trimester that can happen any time, day or night.

What is morning sickness?

Morning sickness is characterised by nausea and stomach upset during pregnancy. It’s not quite clear why it happens, but doctors think it’s due to hormonal changes. About 8 in 10 women will be affected by morning sickness, though some worse than others. Here are some patterns associated with the increased risk of morning sickness:

• Pregnancy with twins or multiple fetuses
• History of morning sickness during pregnancy or in the family
• Women with motion sickness
• Use of oral contraceptives (estrogen)
• Frequent migraines
• BMI of 30 or more
• Elevated stress hormone levels

How to manage an upset stomach during pregnancy?

Normally morning sickness stops around weeks 16–20, but there’s no need to just suffer. Here are some tips that can help you alleviate the symptoms so you can enjoy growing a tiny human inside your body:

☝️CAUTION☝️ If you have severe uncontrolled vomiting, abdominal pain, painful or bloody urination, contact your doctor immediately!

In rare instances, pregnant women can develop severe vomiting, something doctors call hyperemesis. It is a serious condition requiring medical assistance and can cause dehydration, electrolyte disbalance, weight and muscle loss, and depletion of vitamins and minerals.

Hyperemesis affects 0.3–2.3% of all pregnancies, but it can be alleviated with some simple changes to diet and lifestyle, as well as complementary nutritional supplements and therapies like acupuncture or aromatherapy.

Diarrhea in early pregnancy

Pregnancy and diarrhea often happen together. Diarrhea in pregnancy first trimester (and second) is usually mild, but having the runs because of an upset stomach during pregnancy 3rd trimester is most common. Symptoms of diarrhea include:

• Loose watery stools 3+ times per day
• Urgent frequent need to have a bowel movement
• Abdominal cramps or pain
• Bloating
• Nausea

In daily life, reasons for diarrhea can range from bacterial and viral infections to food poisoning and medications. However, loose stools in pregnancy and diarrhea during early pregnancy are often caused by hormonal and dietary changes, stress, and underlying conditions like IBS.

Diarrhea 5 weeks pregnant is one of the first signs that the body is slowly transforming to accommodate the growing fetus. For example, oxytocin levels increase during pregnancy – this hormone also speeds up movement in your digestive tract.

That’s why, basically, first trimester diarrhea and diarrhea during pregnancy 2nd trimester may be a sign that your body is slowly working up to the 3rd trimester and labour. Occasional loose stools in early pregnancy, including diarrhea in the second trimester, and diarrhea at 16 weeks pregnant don’t mean there is anything wrong with you.

Risks of diarrhea in pregnancy

Persistent diarrhea while pregnant without proper treatment can result in dehydration, malnutrition, electrolyte disbalance, loss of weight, and it might pose a threat to your baby’s health. If you have the following symptoms, immediately get medical assistance:

• Blood or mucus in your stool
• Weight loss
• Fever

How to stop diarrhea when pregnant

If you experience diarrhea whilst pregnant, avoid foods that can make it worse, like dairy, caffeine, and anything with high fat and sugar levels. Dehydration is an important risk, so you should take steps to restore your body’s electrolyte balance with liquids and plain foods:

Digestive problems, including pregnancy diarrhea, can worsen if there are underlying conditions such as IBS, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and celiac disease (gluten intolerance). Taking measures when planning the pregnancy is the best way to minimize the risks and side effects.

☝️REMEMBER☝️If you’ve travelled to less developed countries, diarrhea and pregnancy may be the sign of a gastrointestinal infection, so consult your doctor.

Upper stomach pain during pregnancy

Many women experience pain in the stomach while pregnant, especially the upper part. It is a normal effect of the fetus growing inside the womb, which pushes the mother’s organs around to accommodate the baby’s increasing size.

There are many reasons for pregnancy constipation pain, stomach cramps and diarrhea during early pregnancy and, realistically, throughout the full 40 weeks. Here are the most common causes of abdominal pain during pregnancy:

• Constipation
• Flatulence
• Muscle and ligament pain
• Acid reflux
• Stretching skin
• Gallbladder or liver issues
• Inflammation in the pancreas
• Injury of the spleen
• Appendix
• Labour contractions

Avoiding abdominal cramps during pregnancy is unlikely. However, regular medical check-ups, a healthy diet, restful sleep, regular exercise, and keeping your stress levels low do a lot to minimize unnecessary discomfort.

Nevertheless, abdominal pain, particularly in the 3rd trimester, should be taken seriously because it might be the sign of premature labour or placental abruption that put mother and baby at risk. If you experience severe pain in the stomach during pregnancy with these symptoms, make sure to seek immediate medical help:

Gastroenteritis in pregnancy

Gastroenteritis is a fancy word for stomach flu, and it can explain why you have an upset stomach in pregnancy that leaves you under the weather for a few days. However, the symptoms are easily mistaken for morning sickness diarrhea, but there are some important distinctions.

Gastroenteritis is caused by bacterial or viral infections of which the most common are norovirus and rotavirus, E. coli, and salmonella. These infections enter the body through contact with contaminated surfaces, utensils, food, and water.

Pregnant women with children are more likely to get gastroenteritis, especially because children tend to pick up germs at school. That’s why it’s important to take precautions, like frequent handwashing, cleaning surfaces, and not sharing cutlery or food with their infants.

Symptoms of gastroenteritis

Normally, gastroenteritis lasts about three days. However, severe gastroenteritis when pregnant should be taken seriously because it can cause dehydration and electrolyte disbalance which, if not treated properly, can cause complications such as preterm birth.

The steps to managing gastroenteritis in pregnancy are very similar to the ones above (in the diarrhea and pregnancy section){#diarrhea-in-early-pregnancy): make sure you stay hydrated, eat plain food, and call the doctor if the symptoms persist or get very bad.

☝️REMEMBER☝️ Gastroenteritis medication may not be suitable for pregnant women. Always consult your doctor before taking anything.

Pregnancy, gas and bloating

Gas during pregnancy occurs along with other gastrointestinal side effects. It may be caused by hormonal changes, like the production of more progesterone. This hormone relaxes the body’s muscles, including the intestinal ones, which slows digestion and increases flatulence.

If you have gas when pregnant, try some simple lifestyle and diet hacks to ease the pressure in your gut. Take it easy on high-fiber, hard-to-digest foods like beans, avoid fizzy drinks and fatty foods, and get out for a walk to help move things along.

☝️CAUTION☝️ If bloating is accompanied by severe pain that lasts more than 30 minutes, or you have constipation for two weeks or more, you should call your doctor.

The microbiome, gut bacteria and pregnancy

Your body undergoes a lot of changes during pregnancy, and this can affect the ecosystem of bacteria in your gut. These trillions of microbial cells do important jobs for overall health, like producing vitamins and short-chain fatty acids that keep your gut happy.

However, the influx of female hormones that comes with having a bun in the oven alters how your gut functions and that, in turn, can influence your microbiome. This is generally good because this ecosystem evolves to keep up with your body’s needs.

It’s important to nourish the good microbes in your colon so they can continue to support your digestion and keep everything running smoothly, because bacteria can also influence gas, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation.

The key to a happy gut microbiome is whole foods because fruit, veg, whole grains, nuts, and seeds contain special molecules called prebiotics that good bacteria feed on. They even help protect you from nasty bugs that can cause gastroenteritis during pregnancy.

With an Atlas Microbiome Test, you will discover which bacteria you have, which you lack and how to cultivate the ones you need. Based on these results, we'll calculate your risk score for five inflammatory diseases including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's.

When you purchase an Atlas Microbiome Test, you will also receive a 1-1 consultation with one of our expert nutritionists. Drawing on their wealth of experience, they can help you encourage diversity, cultivate beneficial bacteria and harness the power of a healthy microbiome.

☝️TIP☝️ See how your gut bacteria adapt to each trimester of your pregnancy with the Atlas Microbiome Test.

Constipation and pregnancy

Constipation is defined as less than three bowel movements per week. Constipation during pregnancy is caused by progesterone, the female hormone that helps the body grow a baby. Sadly, progesterone tends to relax your gut muscles, which makes it harder to go.

Constipation in pregnancy symptoms

• Hard stool
• Trouble to perform defecation
• Inability to completely empty the bowel
• Bloating and cramping

Another reason for constipation in pregnancy is that, as the fetus grows, the womb takes up more space and puts pressure on the rectum, which is the last part of your intestines. Keeping hydrated and getting enough fiber every day can help relieve this.

However, constipation pain in pregnancy may be a sign of something serious. Call your doctor if you experience constipation in pregnancy symptoms like blood in stool, weight loss, severe pain while defecating, and constipation longer than two weeks.

☝️Is constipation a symptom of pregnancy?☝️ Yes, it is caused by elevated progesterone and pressure on your intestines from the baby.

IBS and pregnancy

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic condition with symptoms like cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, or constipation. IBS can get worse during pregnancy due to hormonal and dietary changes, and because your organs have to move to fit in a growing baby.

IBS and pregnancy symptoms can be easily confused, especially since both can cause digestive discomfort, bloating, diarrhea, and constipation. Unfortunately, there is no cure for IBS, only lifestyle and dietary strategies like stress avoidance, exercise, and healthy food.

Word of caution, one scientific study carried out by the University College Cork with 100,000 participants found that women with IBS are at increased risk of pregnancy complications (especially in cases of smoking or depression). As a result, the authors highlight the importance of prenatal care for women with this chronic condition to ensure a safe pregnancy.

Is it pregnancy or IBS?

If you are pregnant and you can’t tell if it’s the fetus growing inside of you or your chronic digestive condition that’s acting up, here are a few tips that will help you figure out what’s going on.

The difference between ibs and pregnancy symptoms:

The final word on gastrointestinal problems and pregnancy

So, now you have all the necessary knowledge and instruments that will help you be prepared and handle the GI symptoms during pregnancy. Gastrointestinal pregnancy symptoms are quite versatile, so here are some main red flags when you must immediately get medical assistance:

• Vomiting blood
• Blood in stool during pregnancy or black stools
• Dramatic weight loss
• Severe pains that interfere with daily life
• Choking
• Pain or difficulty swallowing
• Extreme fatigue

• Mayo Clinic, Morning sickness, 2018
• Lindsey J Wegrzyniak, Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum, 2012
• Edwards A. et al.,The Maternal Gut Microbiome During Pregnancy, 2018
• National Health and Safety (NHS), Vomiting and morning sickness in pregnancy
• Kudzai Kanhutu, Travel and pregnancy: an infectious diseases perspective, 2011
• CDC, Pregnant travelers
• U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for healthcare research and quality, Abdominal Pain in Early Pregnancy
• Robyn Horsager-Boehrer, M.D., UT Southwestern Medical Center, Should pregnant moms be concerned about gastroenteritis?2018
• International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Pregnancy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 2016

4 common pregnancy-related GI issues, and when to call the doctor | Your Pregnancy Matters

Gastrointestinal (GI) issues are common during pregnancy. As your baby grows, you’ll have less available real estate in your abdomen for your intestines, stomach, and esophagus to function. Additionally, hormonal changes can affect digestion and other GI functions.

Most GI symptoms pass relatively quickly during pregnancy and can be treated with over-the-counter remedies at home. However, to avoid potential complications, women should be aware of what’s normal and when to call the doctor when it comes to GI health during pregnancy.

1. Nausea and vomiting

During the first 16 weeks of pregnancy, we expect some mild to moderate nausea and vomiting – the infamous period of morning sickness. In fact, for many women, nausea is one of the earliest symptoms of pregnancy.

If you have severe symptoms, a doctor can recommend medication to reduce dehydration and discomfort. For mild symptoms, or if you prefer not to take medication, you can usually manage symptoms with dietary changes or vitamin therapy under the care of your doctor.  

After 16 weeks of pregnancy, vomiting typically is not pregnancy-related and might be due to a bug or infection. In rare cases, vomiting can be caused by more serious medical concerns, such as hepatitis, pancreatitis, or ulcers. If you experience nausea or vomiting past the first trimester of pregnancy, don’t assume it’s pregnancy-related, and don’t let your doctor assume so, either, without checking for underlying causes.

2. Heartburn

Heartburn, or gastroesophageal reflux, affects three of five people in the general population. By the time women reach the third trimester, as many as half will experience heartburn at one point or another. During pregnancy, the muscle between the esophagus and stomach relaxes due to hormonal changes related to pregnancy. At the same time, the growing uterus puts increased pressure on the stomach. The combination is a perfect storm for heartburn.

Eating smaller, more frequent meals can help stave off heartburn. Standard treatments – antacids, proton pump inhibitors (Prevacid), or h3 blockers (Tagamet or Pepcid)  – are generally safe during pregnancy.

However, if you experience pain below the ribs in your upper abdomen, call your doctor. Although rare, epigastric pain can be a sign of fatty liver disease or preeclampsia, a serious blood pressure disease that can arise suddenly during pregnancy. 

3. Diarrhea

Let’s face it – diarrhea is the worst. When it lasts just a few days, diarrhea typically is related to an infection (usually gastroenteritis) or eating something that upsets your stomach. Check in with your doctor to determine the best treatment option to reduce dehydration and duration of illness.

Diarrhea that develops without an identifiable trigger or in combination with low back pain and increased vaginal discharge or mucus can be symptoms of preterm labor. Call your doctor immediately if you experience this combination of symptoms.

4. Constipation

Pregnancy hormones affect the lower GI tract, effectively slowing down the transit of stool through the bowels. This slow-motion process allows more water to be absorbed in the stools, which makes them hard to pass. Certain prenatal vitamins and iron therapy also can contribute to constipation. Later in pregnancy, pressure from the growing uterus can also make it harder to pass stools, which increases the risk of hemorrhoids.

Drinking more fluids and eating more fiber is effective in reducing and preventing constipation. Stool softeners are safe to use as well, and some iron supplements actually contain them. More severe constipation might require a mild laxative. Talk to your doctor about additional treatments if you experience abdominal pain, bloody stools, or painful hemorrhoids.

Most women will experience GI concerns at some point during pregnancy. If your symptoms are serious or if you are concerned, talk to your doctor. It’s better to be safe, and we’re here to help your pregnancy – and GI tract – flow smoothly.

Stay on top of health care news. Subscribe to our blog today.

Toxemia, Intestinal Problems & Heartburn

Find out how pregnancy affects the digestive tract, which trimesters are more likely to cause symptoms of indigestion and nausea, and what to do to manage them.

During pregnancy, the burden on the mother's body increases. The body needs more nutrients, the body produces additional hormones. And the growing fetus puts pressure on neighboring organs, including the stomach and intestines. We tell you what symptoms are observed in each trimester, how to cope with toxicosis and get rid of heartburn.

Contents:

• 2. Toxicosis and pregnancy
• 3. Causes, risks and treatment of diarrhea during pregnancy
• 4. Heartburn and stomach pain during pregnancy
• 5. Bloating, constipation and microbiota during pregnancy
• 6. Note

Changes in the work of the gastrointestinal tract by trimesters of pregnancy

The average duration of pregnancy is 40 weeks, which are usually divided into trimesters in accordance with the stages of intrauterine development of the child.

Each trimester is accompanied by a number of changes in the body, including in the gastrointestinal tract:

The Atlas genetic test will help you find out how your genes affect the level of female sex hormones necessary for fertility and pregnancy.

Causes of gastrointestinal problems during pregnancy

Every pregnancy is accompanied by inevitable changes in the functioning of the digestive system. They are most often caused by hormonal changes and increased stress on the organs, but they can also be associated with lifestyle and health conditions, for example:

• Sedentary lifestyle and unbalanced diet;
• Certain drugs, including calcium or aluminum antacids;
• Viral and bacterial infections;
• Intolerance to certain nutrients and allergic reactions;
• Stress;
• Diseases of the thyroid gland.

If you have chronic diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and you are planning a pregnancy, try to consult your doctor in advance. Symptoms of conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or acid reflux are more likely to get worse during pregnancy. Your doctor will help prepare your body and create a prevention plan to help relieve symptoms during this time.

Irritable bowel syndrome, or IBS, is a functional bowel disease that causes frequent abdominal pain, impaired peristalsis, bloating, constipation, or diarrhea.

Morning sickness, vomiting and general malaise during pregnancy

Morning sickness and morning sickness during early pregnancy are common, because the body undergoes important changes necessary for the development of the child.

up to 90%

women experience nausea during pregnancy

Doctors find it difficult to say with certainty why pregnant women feel sick in the morning. The main theory is hormonal changes. But there are some patterns associated with an increased risk of morning sickness:

• Multiple pregnancy;
• Toxicosis during previous pregnancy;
• History of morning sickness during pregnancy in close relatives;
• Tendency to motion sickness in transport;
• Use of oral contraceptives containing estrogen before pregnancy;
• Frequent migraines;
• BMI 30 and above;
• Increased levels of stress hormones

Risks of severe morning sickness and how to reduce nausea

Nausea and vomiting are usually not associated with a risk for mother and child and will pass by 16-20 weeks of pregnancy, but it is not necessary to wait that long - there are ways that can help reduce nausea and enjoy the process of waiting for a new person:

• Get plenty of rest - fatigue increases toxicosis;
• Avoid smells and foods that cause nausea;
• Eat something right after waking up. A toast or a slice of bread will help reduce nausea;
• Avoid hunger - empty stomach increases nausea. Eat small meals often, prefer low-fat, high-carbohydrate foods;
• Try ginger - studies show it helps with nausea;
• Sip as often as possible and prefer still water.

In rare cases, pregnant women may develop hyperemesis gestationis or excessive vomiting. This is a serious condition that can lead to dehydration, kidney damage, seizures, abnormal heart rhythms, and even death.

Signs of dehydration include dry mouth, dizziness, dark urine, infrequent urination and/or dizziness.

Symptoms of excessive pregnancy vomiting:

• frequent nausea for a long time and regular vomiting after meals;
• dry skin and lips;
• sudden weight loss;
• low blood pressure (below 90/60).

If symptoms of excessive pregnancy vomiting occur, do not wait until the condition resolves on its own. It is necessary to seek medical help as soon as possible - the doctor will prescribe treatment, help adjust the diet and lifestyle of the expectant mother.

0.5–2%

pregnant women experience excessive vomiting

Diarrhea in pregnancy

The word "diarrhea" comes from the Greek language and literally means "to flow through". This is a condition during which bowel movements or bowel movements occur three times a day or more often. This phenomenon is especially typical for the third trimester of pregnancy, but it can also occur earlier.

Symptoms of diarrhea:

• Three or more bowel movements per day
• Urgent urge to have a bowel movement
• Abdominal pain and cramps
• Bloating

Causes of diarrhea during pregnancy poisoning, dysbacteriosis, bacterial and viral infections:

Gastroenteritis	Use of lactose and gluten in case of intolerance to these nutrients
Bacterial infections: listeriosis or salmonella	Chronic gastrointestinal diseases: Crohn's disease, IBS, ulcerative colitis
Certain antibiotics and antacids to reduce acidity	Laxatives
Sugar substitutes such as sorbitol	Overconsumption of certain foods

Tip: If you have recently returned from a holiday in an exotic country with nausea and diarrhea and find out you are pregnant, see your doctor as soon as possible.

Gastroenteritis

One common cause of diarrhea during pregnancy is gastroenteritis or stomach flu. It is caused by bacterial or viral infections: norovirus, rotavirus, E. coli, salmonella, which enter the body through contact with contaminated surfaces, dishes, food and water.

Gastroenteritis usually lasts about three days. However, severe illness is a health hazard, especially during pregnancy, as it can cause dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and lead to preterm labor.

The main symptoms of gastroenteritis are diarrhea without blood, nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps and pain, slight fever, headache and muscle pain.

Take extra precautions to reduce your risk of getting sick: frequent handwashing and surface disinfection. If the expectant mother has small children, they are not recommended to use the same cutlery.

Risks of diarrhea during pregnancy

Usually diarrhea during pregnancy is not a cause for concern. However, you should consult a doctor if the following symptoms occur during this period:

• Diarrhea for more than two days;
• Blood or mucus stools;
• Sudden weight loss;
• Pain in the abdomen;
• Dehydration.

How to treat diarrhea during pregnancy

If you have diarrhea during pregnancy, drink plenty of fluids, avoid foods high in fat and sugar, avoid dairy products, and caffeinated drinks.

Dehydration is a serious risk, especially during pregnancy, so electrolyte balance should be restored first with fluids and simple foods:

Moderate fruit juices	Drinks without alcohol and caffeine
Bananas	Potato
Rice	Toast
Rusks	Light soups and broths
Pasta	Applesauce

Find out about your body's ability to break down lactose and gluten with the Atlas Microbiota Test.

Stomach pain and heartburn during pregnancy

Many women experience stomach pain during pregnancy, especially the upper part of the stomach, as well as heartburn - a burning sensation in the chest and esophagus.

This is more common in the third trimester, after about 27 weeks. This is an unpleasant but natural phenomenon during pregnancy: the baby grows inside the uterus and presses on other organs, including the stomach. And hormones cause the muscles to relax, which causes acid from the stomach to enter the esophagus and irritate it. In addition, pain can be caused by problems with certain organs such as the gallbladder, or inflammation of the pancreas.

Symptoms of heartburn during pregnancy:

• Burning in chest and esophagus;
• Feeling of overeating, heaviness or bloating;
• Belching, including with acid and/or food particles;
• Nausea.

It is unlikely that you will be able to avoid cramps and heartburn during pregnancy. However, some tips can help reduce their frequency:

Nutrition : try to avoid overeating - eat easily digestible food in small portions; do not eat three hours before bedtime; watch your posture while eating - so the pressure on your stomach will be less.

Smoking and alcohol: In addition to known harms to mothers and babies, tobacco smoke also relaxes the muscles in the lower esophagus, allowing acid to enter the esophagus. And alcohol provokes heartburn and acid reflux.

Although stomach pain and heartburn often accompany pregnancy, abdominal pain, especially in the third trimester, should be taken seriously. It can be a sign of preterm labor or placental abruption, and puts mother and baby at risk.

If you experience severe abdominal pain during pregnancy that is accompanied by the following symptoms, seek medical attention as soon as possible:

Abdominal pain and fever	Bleeding
Regular convulsions	Unusual vaginal discharge / spotting
Vomiting	Low back pain
Pain or burning when urinating	Severe pain that lasts 30-60 minutes

Bloating, constipation and microbiota during pregnancy

Excessive gas and constipation during pregnancy can be caused by hormonal changes, such as increased production of progesterone. This hormone, essential for nourishing the uterus and fetus, relaxes the muscles of the body, including the muscles in the intestines, which slows down digestion and increases flatulence. A similar reaction of the body can be observed before each menstruation, when the production of progesterone increases.

Flatulence - bloating of the abdomen due to the accumulation of gases.

Here are a few simple rules that will help improve intestinal motility and avoid constipation and bloating:

• If you don't usually eat a lot of fiber and indigestible foods like legumes, try to gradually introduce them into your diet;
• Avoid carbonated drinks and fatty foods;
• Move more;
• Drink plenty of fluids.

If bloating and constipation are accompanied by severe pain that lasts more than 30 minutes, or if you have been constipated for two or more weeks, see your doctor.

Gut microbiota and bacteria during pregnancy

A woman's body goes through many changes during pregnancy, and this can affect the microbiota, the bacterial ecosystem that lives in the gut. Trillions of microorganisms do important work for the whole body: they synthesize vitamins and essential acids, keep your intestines working and protect it from disease and inflammation.

The additional influx of female hormones that accompanies pregnancy alters gut function and affects the microbiota. This is good, because the bacterial community is constantly adjusting to external and internal conditions in order to keep up with the needs of the body.

To keep your gut bacteria running smoothly, they need your help. Provide them with healthy foods and plant fibers. Fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and seeds contain prebiotics, special substances that beneficial bacteria feed on. When properly balanced, the bacteria even increase your body's defenses against harmful microorganisms that can cause gastroenteritis during pregnancy.

The Atlas Microbiota Test helps you understand how to prepare your gut for future pregnancies and reduce the risk of digestive problems.

☝️ Take note

Now you have all the necessary knowledge and tools to help you deal with digestive problems during pregnancy. They are quite varied and quite natural, but in some cases it is necessary to immediately seek medical help:

• Vomiting blood;
• Blood in stool;
• Diarrhea for more than two days;
• Constipation for more than two weeks;
• Sudden weight loss;
• Severe pain interfering with daily activities;
• Difficulty breathing;
• Pain when swallowing or difficulty swallowing;
• Excessive fatigue.

More articles on the causes of digestive problems on the blog:

• 7 foods that cause gas and bloating
• Leaky intestines
• When the intestines are upset

08 Mayo Clinic, sick0108
• Lindsey J Wegrzyniak, Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum, 2012
• Edwards A. et al., The Maternal Gut Microbiome During Pregnancy, 2018
• National Health and Safety (NHS), Vomiting and morning sickness in pregnancy
• Kudzai Kanhutu, Travel and pregnancy: an infectious diseases perspective, 2011
• CDC, Pregnant travelers
• U. S. Department of Health and Human Services, Agency for healthcare research and quality, Abdominal Pain in Early Pregnancy
• Robyn Horsager-Boehrer, M.D., UT Southwestern Medical Center, Should pregnant moms be concerned about gastroenteritis?, 2018
• International Foundation for Gastrointestinal Disorders, Pregnancy and Irritable Bowel Syndrome, 2016
• NHS Vomiting and morning sickness in pregnancy
• NHS, Severe vomiting in pregnancy
• Lindsey J Wegrzyniak et al., Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum, 2012
• Karen Miles, Diarrhea during pregnancy, 2020
• Cleveland Clinic, Diarrhea
• You and your hormones, Progesterone
• Traci C. Johnson, MD, Pregnancy, Bloating, 2020

Diarrhea during pregnancy: symptoms, causes and consequences, diagnosis and treatment

Diarrhea during pregnancy: causes, diagnosis and treatment

Average reading time: 9 minutes

Content:

Causes and symptoms of diarrhea during pregnancy
Diagnostic features
The consequences of diarrhea in pregnant women
treatment areas
When treatment is required in the hospital
Diet
Can I use the Imodium ^® Express during pregnancy 9000 9000 9000) not only a deterioration in well-being, but also unwanted unrest for a woman who is expecting a baby. Frequent defecation causes significant discomfort and is often accompanied by additional unpleasant symptoms. In addition, this condition can pose a serious danger to the woman and the fetus due to the threat of dehydration and other risks. One of the difficulties is that with diarrhea in pregnant women in the first trimester, not all antidiarrheal drugs can be drunk. The active components of some drugs can have a negative effect on the fetus. That is why with frequent bowel movements it is necessary to consult a specialist. The doctor will diagnose and tell you what to do with diarrhea.

Back to content

Causes and symptoms of diarrhea during pregnancy

Infectious. Bacterial and viral infections (eg, noro- or rotavirus) can cause bowel dysfunction. They are usually transmitted by airborne droplets or the fecal-oral route. Pathogenic microorganisms also often enter the gastrointestinal tract through the use of low-quality foods or contaminated water. Infectious diarrhea during pregnancy in the second and third trimester may be accompanied by fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, painful abdominal cramps, and general weakness. An admixture of mucus often appears in the feces.

Non-infectious. This form of diarrhea can be caused by a variety of factors: changes in diet, frequent stress, disorders of digestion and absorption, some chronic diseases, taking certain medications. In this case, the pregnant woman may be disturbed by frequent defecation (sometimes with imperative, i.e., strongly pronounced, irresistible urges), abdominal pain in the upper or lower section. With organic lesions of the colon, an admixture of blood sometimes appears in the feces. In the later stages, violations of the frequency of bowel movements may be associated with fetal pressure on the digestive tract.

Up to content

Diagnostic features

When diagnosing a disease that caused diarrhea, it is important to exclude surgical, urological and obstetric pathologies. For this, an examination is mandatory, if necessary, the doctor prescribes an additional examination. Early diarrhea may be a manifestation of ectopic pregnancy, appendicitis, urinary tract infections, pyelonephritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and acute pancreatitis. That is why it is important to quickly establish the cause of the disruption of the intestines and select adequate therapy. It is also mandatory to monitor (monitor observation) the condition of the fetus at 37, 38 and 39weeks of pregnancy.

Back to Contents

Effects of Diarrhea in Early Pregnancy

Prolonged diarrhea can lead to dehydration, a condition that is dangerous for both the expectant mother and the fetus. It is manifested by severe weakness, dry mucous membranes, thirst. With a strong degree of dehydration, cardiac and respiratory activity can be disturbed. Diarrhea can also in some cases increase the risk of miscarriage due to an increase in the contractile activity of the uterus, and can lead to impaired uteroplacental blood flow.

Up to content

Directions for treatment

How to treat diarrhea should be decided by the doctor, taking into account the woman's condition, the cause of indigestion, gestational age and other factors. Typically, therapy includes the following areas.

Restoration of water and electrolyte balance	Replenishment of fluid deficiency in pathologies accompanied by diarrhea is an important measure to prevent severe and life-threatening conditions. To restore the water and electrolyte balance, pregnant women, on the recommendation of a doctor, can drink non-carbonated mineral water or rehydration solutions. The latter contain the salts necessary for the body, which are excreted from it along with the liquid. It should be borne in mind that with severe dehydration, drinking a solution of salts may no longer be enough. In this case, rehydration drugs are infused intravenously (in a hospital setting, if recommended by a doctor).
Elimination of toxins	To reduce the load on the body, it is necessary to help it get rid of toxic substances. In some cases, gastric lavage is performed for this purpose. Also, strictly according to the doctor's prescription, you can take enterosorbents. These drugs, passing through the gastrointestinal tract, can bind toxic substances and promote their removal from the body in a natural way. By themselves, such drugs do not interact with the intestinal mucosa or other parts of the digestive tract.
Restoration of normal intestinal microflora	To normalize the processes of digestion and absorption, it is necessary that beneficial bacteria be present in the intestines. They can be obtained from food (for example, fermented milk products with live cultures). In addition, according to indications, the doctor may prescribe probiotic preparations that help restore intestinal microflora.
Treating the cause of diarrhea	If frequent bowel movements are a symptom of a bacterial infection, antibiotics may be used to treat. Such remedies can help eliminate the cause of diarrhea by destroying pathogenic microorganisms. The drugs are used strictly according to the doctor's prescription.

Back to Table of Contents

When Hospital Treatment is Necessary

Diarrhea is not always treated at home. With severe dehydration, the risk of miscarriage, severe concomitant diseases, the doctor may suggest that the pregnant woman go to the hospital. Such a measure allows for constant medical supervision, which in such cases is often simply necessary. Urgently seek medical attention and urgent hospitalization may be required if:

• severe abdominal pain of any location;
• blood in feces;
• general lethargy.

The standard clinical indications for inpatient treatment are moderate to severe diarrhea accompanied by dehydration. It is also necessary to go to the hospital if home therapy does not work for 3-4 days (the pregnant woman does not get better, the symptoms persist).

Important! Even on an outpatient basis, the treatment of conditions accompanied by diarrhea should be carried out under the supervision of a physician.

Back to Contents

Diet

During the treatment of diarrhea, it is very important to adjust your diet in order to reduce the load on the digestive tract and help the body cope with the problem faster. In case of violations of the intestines, accompanied by frequent defecation, spicy, sour, fatty foods are excluded from the diet. With an intestinal disorder, you can not use whole milk, fresh fruits and vegetables, legumes, sweets, spices, smoked snacks. Liquid, semi-liquid, pureed, steamed products are allowed. They should be served warm, but not hot or cold. In the early days of infectious diarrhea, experts may recommend a starvation diet. Then, rice water, liquid cereals from oatmeal or buckwheat are introduced into the diet.

Back to Contents

Can I use IMODIUM

^® Express in early pregnancy? The active substance of the drug is loperamide, data on the teratogenic or embryotoxic effect of which are absent. However, the drug can not be used at any stage of pregnancy.

---

Learn more

• 
  How to get respite care for autistic child uk
• 
  Pcos natural pregnancy
• 
  How to help a baby start crawling
• 
  Solids at 4 months
• 
  Can babies be born at 6 months
• 
  Newborn sleep patterns chart
• 
  20 week ultrasound brain abnormalities
• 
  How big is your uterus at 10 weeks pregnant
• 
  Feeling weak during pregnancy second trimester
• 
  Exposure to measles while pregnant
• 
  Rhinitis during pregnancy