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What Causes Leg Cramps in Pregnancy? | UNM Health Blog

By Kathleen Kennedy, MD | July 01, 2021

Safe At-Home Treatments & When to Call a Doctor

Did you know around half of pregnant patients get leg cramps by their third trimester? Leg cramps tend to strike at night when you’re about to fall asleep. You might feel a sudden tightening of your muscle followed by a sharp pain.

Usually, leg cramps in pregnancy are nothing to worry about, however, sometimes they can be a sign of a more serious health problem. Let’s take a look at the common causes of leg cramps, how you can handle them at home and when to call the doctor.

Common Causes of Leg Cramps

There are many potential causes for leg cramps during pregnancy. They tend to show up in the second and third trimesters as your body is rapidly changing.

Low Vitamin or Mineral Levels

Why: During pregnancy, hormone and diet changes can decrease your calcium and magnesium levels.

Try This:

• Taking a prenatal vitamin can help. Get tips to find the best prenatal vitamins.
• Vitamin B complex supplements might also help with leg cramps.
• Eat food high in potassium, such as bananas, kiwi and spinach.
• Eat food high in magnesium, such as dark chocolate, avocados and nuts.
• Eat food high in calcium, such as seeds, cheese and salmon.

Circulation Changes

Why: Your blood volume will almost double during pregnancy. That can cause slower circulation, leading to swelling and cramping.

Try This: Here are a few tips for improving circulation during pregnancy:

• Sleep on your left side: This position takes pressure off your liver, which is on the right side of your body and helps improve circulation.
• Elevate your legs: Not only does putting your feet up reduce swelling, it also pushes blood flow back to your heart and lungs. 
• Sleep with a pillow between your knees: This position helps facilitate blood flow through a major vein carrying blood to the heart and back. This position may also relieve stress.
• Stay active: If you sit a lot during the day, get up and walk around every couple of hours. Movement helps increase overall blood flow.

Dehydration

Why: Do you remember to drink enough water? Leg cramps are a common symptom of dehydration. Water keeps your body hydrated, making the heart’s job of pumping blood easier. The heart sends oxygen to your organs and muscles, reducing the likelihood of cramps and circulation problems.

Try This: While pregnant, you should drink 8-12 cups of water per day. Try adding a slice of fruit or low-sugar flavoring if plain water is too boring.

Muscle Fatigue and Weight Gain

Why: During pregnancy, you might already feel tired. That goes for your muscles, too. Some of that weak, heavy or tired feeling might be coming from the added weight of the baby. Some may be from gaining additional weight during pregnancy.                        

Your uterus is also putting extra pressure on your blood vessels. When the blood vessels in your legs and feet are strained, it can lead to increased leg cramps.

Try This: For this type of cramp, we recommend stretching before exercise and bed. Wearing compression socks also helps move the valves in your blood vessels closer together, keeping blood flowing better in the legs.

Staying active during pregnancy can help relieve and prevent leg cramps caused by weight gain. Work with your doctor or midwife to eat a healthy diet during pregnancy. The goal is to gain enough weight to nourish the baby, but not so much that it negatively affects your health.

Tips to Treat Leg Cramps at Home

Cramping muscles are no fun. Here are some safe at-home treatments you can try to reduce pain:

• Massage the cramping muscle and nearby muscle groups to release the tightened muscles to restore proper blood flow, oxygen and nutrients to the muscle.
• Gently hold your leg in a stretched position until the cramp stops. This lengthens your muscle fibers so they can properly contract and tighten, allowing your muscle’s oxygen supply to be restored.
• Rotate applying ice, to ease the pain of the cramp, and heat, to relax your muscle and increase blood flow.
• Soak in Epsom salt bath. When Epsom salt dissolves in water, it releases magnesium which plays a big role in muscle contraction.

Exercises to reduce leg pain:

• Ankle Pumps: Lie on your back with your feet slightly elevated. Point and flex your feet.
• Calf Stretches: Put one foot against the wall with your toes pointing up, brace yourself with your arms and lean toward your foot, keeping your leg straight.
• Good Mornings: Feet hip width apart, put your hands behind your head, with a slight bend in your knee, bend at your hips until you’re parallel to the floor or feeling a good hamstring stretch

When to See a Doctor

If leg cramps are keeping you awake at night and at-home treatments aren't working, talk with your doctor or midwife. They can prescribe safe medication to ease the pain and help you sleep.

Less commonly, some leg cramp symptoms are signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). This is a serious medical condition that can cause blood clots. Pregnant women are 50 percent more likely to get blood clots than non-pregnant women.

Call for help right away if you have any of these symptoms:

• Extreme leg pain when you stand up
• Severe, persistent or worsening leg cramps
• Very swollen legs
• Red spots that are warm to the touch
• Enlarged veins in the legs

If you are struggling with leg cramps during pregnancy, help is available. Talk to your doctor or midwife to discuss your options.

To find out whether you or a loved one might benefit from Ob/Gyn care

Call 505-272-2245.

Categories: Women's Health

Leg cramps in pregnant women: causes, symptoms and first aid

Number of views: 96 191

Leg cramps in pregnant women: how to deal with this problem? First of all, you need to try to determine the cause.

Symptoms of leg cramps during pregnancy

Leg cramps are a painful contraction (spasm) of the calf muscles. The pain comes on suddenly and seems to permeate the whole body. Depending on the cause, leg cramps in pregnant women can occur at any time of the day.

Leg cramps in pregnant women: the main causes

The occurrence of leg cramps during pregnancy is most often associated with the following reasons:

Deficiency of these elements can be caused by:

• in the first trimester - frequent vomiting associated with toxicosis, as a result of which the body loses a large number of trace elements;
• in the second trimester - an increased need for a large amount of mineral salts due to the active growth of the unborn baby to form his skeletal system;
• excretion in the urine as a result of diuretics not agreed with the doctor;
• unbalanced diet.

2. Anemia

Anemia can lead to a lack of oxygen supply needed by the muscles. This can cause leg cramps in pregnant women.

It is characteristic that convulsions associated with anemia or a lack of certain trace elements occur at any time of the day.

3. Stagnation of blood circulation associated with low mobility

Seizures can be provoked by being in an uncomfortable static position for a long time.

4. Varicose veins

As a result of stagnation of blood in the veins, cramps in the calf muscles may appear. They usually occur at rest: in the evening before bedtime or at night.

5. Reduce blood glucose

Glucose is the body's most important source of energy. A drop in this indicator entails energy starvation of the body, which can provoke leg cramps in pregnant women.
Convulsions associated with this cause are more likely to occur at night or in the early morning.

6. Inferior vena cava syndrome

From the second half of pregnancy, the growing uterus can compress the inferior vena cava, which leads to stagnation of blood in the lower extremities, the development of edema, and as a result, seizures. It is characteristic that leg cramps in pregnant women occur when lying on the back or on the right side.

7. Hypothermia

Cold leads to vasoconstriction, thereby causing calf cramps.

8. Dehydration

First aid for cramps

How can you help yourself during a cramp?

• Elevate the leg if possible, pull the big toe slowly but firmly towards you, or pull the whole foot towards you
• Try to breathe deeply and calmly while doing this.
• Helps kneading massage of the calf muscle to warm it up. Involve your loving husband. You can use massage balls or a hand massager. You can press your index finger into the center of the calf muscle for at least 20 seconds
• Pinching and pricking of the calf muscle helps to take your mind off the pain
• You can try a hot shower or heating pad
• After an attack, you can put on stockings or leggings (preferably pre-warmed) to keep the muscles warm and relax better
• Walking barefoot slowly can help, which improves blood circulation in the leg muscles

Treating seizures in pregnancy

Be sure to tell your gynecologist if you experience seizures. To identify the cause of this pathology, the doctor may prescribe additional laboratory tests, as well as examinations by narrow specialists.

Read in the online magazine: "The best doctors according to moms: voting results"

If necessary, the doctor will prescribe medication, multivitamins for expectant mothers or additional calcium and magnesium supplements. Additional intake of calcium preparations should be agreed with the doctor and stopped after 35 weeks of pregnancy. Never “prescribe” vitamins and supplements to yourself without consulting a doctor!

If the level of glucose in the blood is low, the endocrinologist prescribes drugs to normalize this indicator.

In case of varicose veins, doctors prescribe wearing special compression underwear (socks, stockings or tights) to normalize vascular tone, restore blood flow, relieve swelling, which significantly reduces the risk of seizures. It is very important to choose the right size and degree of compression of prophylactic underwear.

Leg cramps in pregnancy: prevention

The following rules will help the expectant mother to avoid pain caused by cramps:

1. Proper balanced nutrition

• There should be 5-6 small meals per day
• Prefer complex carbohydrates (cereals, durum wheat pasta, fruits and vegetables), try to limit the use of "light" carbohydrates (sweets, starchy foods)
• Include in your diet plenty of foods rich in calcium (low-fat dairy products and milk, nuts, eggs, various types of cabbage), magnesium (nuts, seeds, legumes, fish, chicken, broccoli, carrots, spinach, raisins), potassium (bananas , potatoes, salmon, tomatoes, dried apricots, raisins, spinach, oranges, lean beef), B vitamins (dairy products, walnuts, red fish).

2. Reasonable physical activity

Reasonable and dosed physical activity will help improve blood circulation and prevent venous congestion. An excellent remedy for the prevention of seizures is the pool.

3. Proper footwear

Avoid uncomfortable, tight shoes and high heels. Wearing such shoes can lead to excessive stress on the foot and adversely affect the circulation of the legs.

4. Rest and foot massage

At the end of the day, try to lie down with your legs elevated. Do a light foot massage in the direction from the foot to the knee (you can use special refreshing creams).

An excellent option for relieving fatigue and swelling of the legs - contrast or tonic baths.

5. Avoid hypothermia

If your body is prone to hypothermia, wear warm socks for a night's sleep.

Following these simple recommendations, your legs will be "calm"!

MamExpert recommends: Courses for pregnant women "Intensive 2.0"

How do you cope with leg cramps? Share!

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〚 Why do pregnant women have cramps at night and should I be worried about it? 〛|| Blog BABYSTART

March 13, 2020

Pregnancy is a natural state for a woman. However, her body at this time is subject to increased stress, which sometimes causes various ailments. These include leg cramps, which disturb the expectant mother, as a rule, during a night's sleep. Why they arise and whether it is worth sounding the alarm, let's look at this article.

Spasm - a sharp and painful spasm of a muscle (or a series of contractions). It comes suddenly and does not depend on the will of man. Everyone has experienced this phenomenon at least once in their life, but especially pregnant women experience convulsions. Leg cramps at night, usually in the calf muscle. A spasm can portend a feeling of heaviness or fullness in the leg.

This causes pain, the nature of which can be called aching. Localization of convulsions - in the place of the greatest rigidity of the muscle. It does not last long - as a rule, no more than two minutes, but the woman feels quite significant discomfort. After the experience of pain, she often cannot sleep.

Why muscle contractions occur

During pregnancy, leg cramps at night can be caused by a number of factors:

• Decreased circulation at night.
• Daily accumulation of lactic acid in the muscles, which provokes cramps in the calves when they relax.
• Decreased hemoglobin. When there are few red blood cells in the body, muscle fibers do not receive enough oxygen, and, in addition to convulsions, a pregnant woman often experiences bouts of weakness and dizziness.
• Increased load on the lower limbs, which is often noted in the later stages. The problem is exacerbated by wearing tight, uncomfortable clothes and shoes with heels, prolonged stay on the feet due to the profession.
• Insufficient fluid intake in the body. This happens not only because a woman drinks little water. Overheating in the sun, drinking coffee, alcohol and nicotine can lead to dehydration. As a result, toxins settle in the muscles and can cause them to contract involuntarily.
• Excessive compression of the inferior vena cava by the growing uterus, which occurs if the expectant mother often sleeps on her back. The muscles of the legs suffer from oxygen starvation, to which they react with repeated convulsions.
• Deficiency of important vitamins and microelements, primarily potassium, calcium and magnesium, vitamin B6. At the same time, a pregnant woman has concomitant symptoms - brittle nails, hair loss, dental caries, problems with stools, chronic fatigue and depression.
• Varicose veins. This, unfortunately, is a frequent companion of pregnancy. Often, the disease first manifests itself or worsens precisely during the period of bearing a child. Cramps in the calf muscles in this case are caused by circulatory disorders.
• Changes in blood sugar levels. If a woman eats irregularly, and eats rarely and in large portions, then the concentration of glucose in the blood will constantly change dramatically, which is fraught with convulsions.

When you need to see a doctor immediately

Most often, leg cramps in pregnant women are a common occurrence and do not mean any pathology. However, there are cases when they indicate serious health problems, such as:

• Eclampsia. This is the most severe form of late pregnancy toxicosis. It is expressed by a dangerous increase in pressure, threatening the life of both the mother and the fetus. Convulsions in eclampsia are accompanied by numbness of the legs and their pronounced edema. With this condition, a woman needs emergency medical care.
• Deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities. Circulatory failure and convulsions occur due to blockage of large blood vessels by a blood clot.
• Serious vitamin deficiency. At the same time, muscle contractions appear not only in the legs, but also in other parts of the body, including in the abdomen. And this can already lead to abortion or premature birth. Therefore, strong and frequent convulsions are a reason to see a doctor.

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