Rashes in toddlers with pictures

Pictures of Childhood Skin Problems: Common Rashes and More

Medically Reviewed by Debra Jaliman, MD on August 06, 2021

Wondering about that rash, welt, or bump on your child's skin? Sickness, allergies, and heat or cold are often behind kids' skin changes. Most aren't a big deal and are easy to treat. You can learn to tell what many of them look like. Of course, always check with your child's doctor to know for sure and get the right treatment.

Worms don't cause ringworm. And ringworm doesn't need to be itchy. It's caused by a fungus that lives off dead skin, hair, and nail tissue. It starts as a red, scaly patch or bump. Then comes the telltale itchy red ring. The ring has raised, blistery, or scaly borders. Ringworm is passed on by skin-to-skin contact with a person or animal. Kids can also get it by sharing things like towels or sports gear. Your doctor may treat it with antifungal creams.

This contagious and usually mild illness passes in a couple of weeks. Fifth disease starts with flu-like symptoms. A bright face ( classically described as a 'slapped cheek' appearance) and body rash follow. It’s spread by coughing and sneezing and most contagious the week before the rash appears. It's treated with rest, fluids, and pain relievers (do not give aspirin to children). If your child has fifth disease and you are pregnant, call your doctor.

This once-common rash isn't seen as much in today's kids thanks to the chickenpox vaccine. It’s very contagious, spreads easily, and leaves an itchy rash and red spots or blisters all over the body. The spots go through stages. They blister, burst, dry, and crust over. Chickenpox can be very serious. All young kids should get a chickenpox vaccine. So should teens and adults who never had the disease or the vaccine.

Impetigo, caused by bacteria, creates red sores or blisters. These can break open, ooze, and develop a yellow-brown crust. Sores can show up all over the body but mostly around the mouth and nose. Impetigo can be spread through close contact or by sharing things like towels and toys. Scratching can spread it to other parts of the body. It's treated with antibiotic ointment or oral antibiotics.

A virus causes these funky but mostly harmless, painless skin growths. Warts can spread easily from person to person. They also spread by touching an object used by a person with the virus. They're most often found on fingers and hands. To prevent warts from spreading, tell your child not to pick them or bite nails. Cover warts with bandages. They can easily be treated in a doctor's office by a freezing procedure.

Blame blocked sweat ducts. Heat rash looks like small red or pink pimples. You usually see heat rash on the head, neck, and shoulders of babies. The rash often comes when well-meaning parents dress a baby too warmly. But it can happen to any child in very hot weather. Dress your baby in only one more layer than you're wearing. It's OK if their feet and hands feel cool to the touch.

Some kids' skin reacts after touching foods, soaps, or plants like poison ivy, sumac, or oak. The rash usually starts within 48 hours after skin contact. Minor cases may cause mild redness or a rash of small red bumps. In severe cases you may see swelling, redness, and larger blisters. This rash usually goes away in a week or two but can be treated with an anti-inflammatory cream like hydrocortisone.

Despite its scary name, this is a common childhood illness. It starts with a fever, followed by painful mouth sores and a non-itchy rash. The rash blisters on hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks and legs. It spreads through coughing, sneezing, and used diapers. So wash hands often. Coxsackie isn’t serious and usually goes away on its own in about a week.

Kids prone to eczema may have other allergies and asthma. The exact cause isn't clear. But kids who get it tend to have a sensitive immune system. Watch for a raised rash with dry skin and intense itching. Atopic dermatitis is the most common type of eczema. Some children outgrow it or have milder cases as they get older.

Many things can trigger these itchy or burning welts. Medicines such as aspirin (which kids should never take) and penicillin can set off hives. Food triggers include eggs, nuts, shellfish, and food additives. Heat or cold and strep throat can also cause hives. Welts can show up anywhere on the body and last minutes or days. Sometimes an antihistamine can help. Hives can be a sign of serious problems, especially when they come with breathing troubles or swelling in the face. In those cases or if hives don't go away, see your doctor.

Scarlet fever is strep throat with a rash. Symptoms include sore throat, fever, headache, belly pain, and swollen neck glands. After 1-2 days, a red rash with a sandpaper texture shows up. After 7-14 days, the rash rubs off. Scarlet fever is very contagious, so wash hands often to keep it from spreading. Call your child's doctor if you think your child has it. They'll probably be treated with with antibiotics.

Roseola, a mild illness, gets its nickname from a list of six common childhood rashes. Young kids 6 months to 2 years are most likely to get it. It's rare after age 4. It starts with a cold, followed by a few days of high fever (which can trigger seizures). Then the fevers end suddenly. They're followed by a rash of small, pink, flat, or slightly raised bumps. It shows up first on the chest and back, then hands and feet.

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SOURCES:

American Academy of Dermatology: "Atopic dermatitis," "Hives."
CDC: "Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)."
KidsHealth: "Chickenpox," "Fifth Disease," "Ringworm," "Roseola," "Warts."
Medscape Reference: "Allergic Contact Dermatitis," "Impetigo."
Princeton University Health Services: "Skin Care."
Sutter Health: "Caring for Your Newborn."

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Pictures of childhood rashes: Red dots, bumps, and more

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From diaper rash and cradle cap to eczema and baby acne, here are some of the most common children's rashes and skin problems.

Photo credit: BabyCenter Community Member

Baby acne

Where it appears: Usually on the cheeks; sometimes on the forehead, chin, and even the back of a newborn.

What it looks like: Small white pimples that may be surrounded by reddish skin. Can be present at birth or develop between 2 and 4 weeks of age.

Baby acne is not contagious. Learn more about baby acne causes and treatments.

Photo credit: instagram.com/brownskinmatters

Chicken pox

Where it appears: Often on the scalp, face, or torso first, then spreading to the entire body.

What it looks like: Small red bumps at first, which quickly become clear, fluid-filled blisters on a pink base; these eventually become dry brown crusts or scabs. New waves of itchy blisters often emerge as the illness progresses. Children usually get between 250 and 500 blisters, although it's possible to have just a few, especially if the child has had the chicken pox vaccine. Child may have a slight fever. Uncommon before the first birthday.

Chicken pox is very contagious. Learn more about chicken pox causes and treatment.

Photo credit: BioPhoto Associates / Science Source

Detail: Chicken pox blister

Where it appears: Often on the scalp, face, or trunk first, then spreads to the entire body.

What it looks like: Clear, fluid-filled blisters on a pink base, which eventually become dry brown crusts or scabs.

Chicken pox is very contagious. Learn more about chicken pox causes and treatment.

Photo credit: iStock.com / somethingway

Cold sores

Where it appears: On or near the lips.

What it looks like: Small, fluid-filled blisters that may get bigger, burst, or crust over. They can appear individually or in clusters. Uncommon before age 2.

Cold sores are contagious. Learn more about cold sore causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Chris Priest / Science Source

Cradle cap

Where it appears: On the scalp, around the ears, eyebrows, armpits, and in neck creases.

What it looks like: Flaky, dry skin or yellowish crusty patches; may cause some hair loss. Usually clears up in the first year.

Cradle cap is not contagious. Learn more about cradle cap causes and treatments.

Photo credit: Dr. P. Marazzi / Science Source

Diaper rash

Where it appears: In the diaper area and in skin folds on boys and girls.

What it looks like: Inflamed red skin; rash may be flat or raised. Causes discomfort during diaper changes. Most common in babies under 1 year.

Diaper rash is not contagious. Learn more about diaper rash causes and treatments.

Photo credit: Dr. P. Marazzi / Science Source

Diaper rash (yeast)

Where it appears: In the diaper area and in skin folds, with some isolated bumps around the main rash.

What it looks like: Small red bumps that may be pus-filled. Lasts more than two days and doesn't respond to diaper cream. More common in children who have recently taken antibiotics.

Yeast diaper rash is not contagious. Learn more about yeast diaper rash causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Dr. P. Marazzi / Science Source

Eczema

Where it appears: Typically in the creases of the elbows or knees and on the cheeks, chin, scalp, chest, and back.

What it looks like: Dry, thickened, scaly red skin or tiny red bumps that may ooze or crust. Very itchy. Most common in families with a history of allergies or asthma. Typically shows up in the first year of life and often is gone by age 2 but can persist through adulthood.

Eczema is not contagious. Learn about eczema causes and treatments for your baby or child.

Photo credit: instagram.com/brownskinmatters

Detail: Eczema

Where it appears: Typically in the creases of the elbows or knees; on the cheeks, chin, scalp, chest, and back

What it looks like: Itchy rash that appears as dry, thickened, scaly red skin, or tiny red bumps that may ooze or crust. Most common in families with a history of allergies or asthma. Typically shows up in the first year of life and often is gone by age 2, but can persist through adulthood.

Eczema is not contagious. Learn more about eczema causes and treatments for your baby or child.

Photo credit: CDC

Erythema toxicum

Where it appears: Anywhere on the body.

What it looks like: Small yellow or white bumps surrounded by red skin. Very common in newborns, usually showing up two to five days after birth. Usually disappears on its own in about two weeks; may linger for a few months.

Erythema toxicum is not contagious. Learn more about erythema toxicum causes and treatments.

Photo credit: Dr. H.C. Robinson / Science Source

Fifth disease

Where it appears: Cheeks, torso, and feet.

What it looks like: Bright red cheeks and a lacy, red, and sometimes itchy rash following a slight fever, achiness, and cold symptoms. Also called “slapped cheeks disease,” or erythema infectiosum. Most common in preschool and school-age children.

Fifth disease is contagious. Learn more about fifth disease causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Dr. P. Marazzi / Science Source

Folliculitis

Where it appears: Neck, underarm, and groin.

What it looks like: Pimples or pustules around hair follicles that may crust over. Uncommon before age 2.

Folliculitis is not contagious. Learn more about folliculitis causes and treatments.

Photo credit: instagram.com/brownskinmatters

Hand, foot, and mouth disease

Where it appears: In the mouth, on the palms of hands and soles of feet, sometimes on the buttocks.

What it looks like: Blisterlike sores in the mouth; rash on palms, soles, and buttocks. The rash starts as small, flat red dots that may turn into bumps or blisters; blisters are painful. Most common in preschoolers but can occur at any age.

Hand, foot and mouth disease is contagious. Learn more about hand, foot, and mouth disease causes and treatment.

Photo credit: © Biophoto Associates / Science Source

Detail: Hand, foot, and mouth disease

Where it appears: In the mouth, on the palms of hands and soles of feet, sometimes on the buttocks.

What it looks like: Blisterlike sores in the mouth; rash on palms, soles, and buttocks. The rash starts as small, flat red dots that may turn into bumps or blisters; blisters are painful. Most common in preschoolers but can occur at any age.

Hand, foot and mouth disease is contagious. Learn more about hand, foot, and mouth disease causes and treatment.

Photo credit: instagram.com/brownskinmatters

Hives

Where it appears: Body, face, and hands.

What it looks like: Red bumps on skin that are often itchy. May come and go. Usually lasts from a few hours to a few days but can persist for weeks or even months. Can occur at any age.

Hives are not contagious. Learn more about hive causes and treatments for your baby, toddler, preschooler, or big kid.

Photo credit: iStock

Impetigo

Where it appears: Often develops around the nose and mouth; may spread to other parts of the body.

What it looks like: Small red bumps that may be itchy. Bumps become pus-filled blisters that may burst and develop a soft yellowish-brown crust. Child may have a fever and swollen lymph glands in the neck. Most common in children between 2 and 6 years old.

Impetigo is very contagious. Learn more about impetigo causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Dr. P. Marazzi / Science Source

Jaundice

Where it appears: Throughout entire body.

What it looks like: A yellow tinge to the skin. In dark-skinned babies, yellowness may be seen in whites of eyes, palms of hands, and soles of feet. Common during the first week or two of life. Most common in premature babies.

Jaundice is not contagious. Learn more about jaundice causes and treatments.

Photo credit: Lowell Georgia / Science Source

Measles

Where it appears: Throughout entire body.

What it looks like: Red bumps with tiny white dots on the inside of cheeks a few days after a fever and runny eyes and nose. Next, a rash appears on the face and progresses down the back and torso to the arms and hands, and finally to the legs and feet. The rash starts as flat red patches but eventually develops bumps and may be itchy. Lasts about five days then fades to a brownish color, leaving skin dry and flaky. Rare due to vaccinations; most likely to occur in unvaccinated children.

Measles is very contagious. Learn more about measles causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Science Source

Milia

Where it appears: Most common on the face, but can appear anywhere on the body.

What it looks like: Tiny white or yellow pearly bumps. Common in newborns. They are harmless and go away in a few weeks.

Milia are not contagious. Learn more about milia causes and treatment.

Photo credit: instagram.com/brownskinmatters

Molloscum contagiosum

Where it appears: Typically on the face, neck, and arms but can pop up anywhere.

What it looks like: Dome-shaped lesions that can be pearly in appearance and have a dimpled center. May be itchy. Uncommon before the first birthday.

Molloscum contagiosum are contagious. Learn more about molluscum contagiosum causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Dr. Teresa Wright

Papular urticaria

Where it appears: In clusters on the face, neck, arms, and legs.

What it looks like: Small bumps that become firm and reddish-brown at the site of old insect bites. Bumps are usually very itchy. Can appear at any age.

Papular urticaria is not contagious. Learn more about papular urticaria causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Scott Camazine / Science Source

Poison ivy, oak, or sumac

Where it appears: Wherever skin made contact with the plant; typically on hands, feet, arms and legs.

What it looks like: Swollen red bumps that may appear in streaks or lines at first. Usually shows up 12 to 48 hours after contact but can take up to a week to appear. Rash is itchy; blisters follow and become crusty within a few days. Uncommon before the first birthday.

Poison ivy, oak and sumac are allergic reactions and not contagious. Learn more about poison ivy, oak, or sumac causes and treatment.

Photo credit: instagram.com/brownskinmatters

Ringworm

Where it appears: On the body or scalp.

What it looks like: One or several red rings that can be very small or very large. Usually crusty or scaly on the outside, smooth in the center; may get larger over time. On the scalp, may appear as dandruff or bald spots. Most common in children 2 and older.

Ringworm is contagious. Learn more about ringworm causes and treatments.

Photo credit: Scott Camazine / Science Source

Roseola

Where it appears: On the torso and neck; may spread to arms, legs, and face.

What it looks like: A pink rash on torso and neck usually following three to five days of a sudden, relatively high fever that's often greater than 103 degrees Fahrenheit. May spread to the arms, legs, and face. Child may be irritable and have diarrhea or vomiting. Most common in children between 6 months and 3 years old.

Roseola is contagious. Learn more about roseola causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Dr. P. Marazzi / Science Source

Rubella (German measles)

Where it appears: Starts on the face; spreads all over the body.

What it looks like: Pink-red rash lasting two to three days; may accompany a mild fever, swollen lymph nodes behind the ears, runny or stuffy nose, headache, and sore throat. Rare due to vaccinations; most likely to occur in unvaccinated children.

Rubella is contagious. Learn more about rubella causes and treatment

Photo credit: Dr. Teresa Wright

Scabies

Where it appears: Between fingers, around wrists and elbows, in armpit and diaper area. May also show up on kneecaps, palms, soles, scalp, or face.

What it looks like: Scattered red bumps that are severely itchy. May leave curvy white or thin red lines or little blisters on nearby skin. Itching is most intense after a hot bath or at night and may keep the child awake. May occur at any age.

Scabies is very contagious. Learn more about scabies causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Biophoto Associates / Science Source

Scarlet fever

Where it appears: Armpits, neck, chest, and groin; rapidly spreads over the entire body.

What it looks like: Begins as a mass of tiny red bumps that feel like fine sandpaper and may itch. Child may have a fever and a red sore throat. Early in the infection, the tongue may have a white or yellowish coating that later turns red. Bumps on the tongue may appear larger than normal, a condition called strawberry tongue. Tonsils may be swollen and red. As the rash fades, the skin may peel, especially on the hands and feet and in the groin. Uncommon before age 2.

Scarlet fever is very contagious. Learn more about scarlet fever causes and treatment.

Photo credit: Biophoto Associates / Science Source

Warts

Where it appears: Usually on hands but can occur anywhere on the body.

What it looks like: A small grainy bump or cluster of bumps. Usually skin-toned but may be lighter or darker in color and can contain black dots. Flat warts, which are smaller and smoother, can also appear anywhere on the body, but in children they most often show up on the face. Plantar warts show up on the soles of the feet. Most warts disappear on their own in a few months to a few years. Uncommon before age 2.

Warts are mildly contagious. Learn more about wart causes and treatment.

Sources

BabyCenter's editorial team is committed to providing the most helpful and trustworthy pregnancy and parenting information in the world. When creating and updating content, we rely on credible sources: respected health organizations, professional groups of doctors and other experts, and published studies in peer-reviewed journals. We believe you should always know the source of the information you're seeing. Learn more about our editorial and medical review policies.

AAD. Scabies. American Academy of Dermatology. https://www.aad.org/public/diseases/contagious-skin-diseases/scabies [Accessed September 2019]

AAFP. 2017. Diaper rash. American Academy of Family Physicians. https://familydoctor.org/condition/diaper-rash/ [Accessed September 2019]

AAP. 2019. Baby birthmarks and rashes. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Pages/Your-Newborns-Skin-Birthmarks-and-Rashes.aspx [Accessed September 2019]

AAP. 2015. Cradle cap. American Academy of Pediatrics. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/bathing-skin-care/Pages/Cradle-Cap.aspx [Accessed September 2019]

Allmon, A, et al. 2015. Common skin rashes in children. American Family Physician 92(3):211-6. http://www.aafp.org/afp/2015/0801/p211.html [Accessed September 2019]

CDC. 2019. Hand, foot, and mouth disease. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/hand-foot-mouth/ [Accessed September 2019]

CDC. 2017. Rubella. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/rubella/ [Accessed September 2019]

CDC. 2019. Measles (rubeola). U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/measles/ [Accessed September 2019]

March of Dimes. 2013. Newborn jaundice. http://www.marchofdimes.org/baby/newborn-jaundice.aspx [Accessed September 2019]

Mayo Clinic. 2018. Baby acne. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/baby-acne/basics/definition/con-20033932 [Accessed September 2019]

MedlinePlus (ADAM). 2017. Poison ivy, oak, and sumac. https://medlineplus.gov/poisonivyoakandsumac.html [Accessed September 2019]

MedlinePlus (ADAM). 2018. Cold sores. https://medlineplus.gov/coldsores.html [Accessed September 2019]

MedlinePlus (ADAM). 2019. Folliculitis. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000823.htm [Accessed September 2019]

Medscape. 2019. Papular urticarial. [Accessed September 2019]

Nemours Foundation. 2019. Chickenpox. http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/chicken-pox.html [[Accessed September 2019]

Nemours Foundation. 2018. Hives. http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/hives.html [Accessed September 2019]

Nemours Foundation. 2019. Warts. http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/wart.html [Accessed September 2019]

Nemours Foundation. 2019. Ringworm. http://kidshealth.org/en/teens/ringworm.html [Accessed September 2019]

Kate Marple

Kate Marple is a writer and editor who specializes in health, pregnancy, and parenting content. She's passionate about translating complicated medical information into helpful pregnancy and parenting advice that's easy to understand. She lives in San Francisco with her family.

Skin rash in children: analyze the causes

Features of children's skin

The skin, like most other organs and systems, gradually develops until puberty. In a child, it is functionally and structurally more sensitive to external influences and allergic reactions. At the same time, the sweat and sebaceous glands do not yet work properly, which is associated with insufficient development of skin innervation.

At the same time, the skin from birth takes an active part in metabolism and respiration due to the many superficially located vessels. Because of this, skin diseases often greatly affect the general condition of the child.

Types of rash in children

Skin rash caused by a particular disease usually has its own characteristics. The most common types of rashes include:

• Papules. These are volumetric formations of a small size (up to 10 mm), which rise above the skin. The main color is red and pink. Occurs with lichen planus, roseola infantum, atopic dermatitis, etc.
• Vesicles. They are bubbles up to 5 mm in diameter, filled with a cloudy liquid. After opening, erosion is often left behind. May be a sign of chickenpox and other herpes infections.
• Petechiae. A purplish skin eruption that does not go away with pressure. Its elements do not exceed 3 mm in diameter, do not rise above the skin and are not felt to the touch. As a rule, they indicate meningococcal infection, vascular damage (vasculitis), platelet deficiency.
• Erosion. This is a skin defect that does not penetrate deeper than the epidermis. It has the appearance of a rounded, somewhat in-depth formation of red color with a weeping surface.
• Peel. A secondary element formed by the drying of secretions from vesicles, erosions, or blood. Solid, has a dark red, brown color.
• Macula or spot. This is an area of ​​discoloration that is on the same level as adjacent areas of the skin. It can be both an independent element in rubella, measles, roseola, and a residual phenomenon after papules, vesicles or erosions.
• Wheals or urticaria. A rounded element of a rash of pale pink, red or purple-white color, the size of which varies from 1-2 mm to tens of centimeters. Leaves no secondary elements behind. Meet with allergic reactions, urticaria.
• Lichenification. These are areas of excessive thickening of the skin with increased skin pattern. Often a secondary element.

Diseases that cause skin rashes in children

Baby skin rashes can indicate various diseases, most often infections and allergic reactions.

Roseola infantum

Roseola infantum or sudden exanthema is a childhood infectious disease that occurs when infected with human herpesviruses type 6 or 7. Most often observed between the ages of 6 months and 2 years.

Sudden exanthema is accompanied by an increase in body temperature up to 39-40°C, which persists for 3-5 days, after which a bright red maculopapular rash appears on the child's skin. It occurs on the surface of the chest and abdomen, spreading throughout the body (Fig. 1). The elements of the rash, as a rule, are not felt by the fingers, but sometimes they can be raised. They disappear when the skin is stretched or when the glass of a glass is pressed on them.

In roseola infantum there may be white rings around some elements of the rash. Often the rash is limited only to the trunk and, not having time to reach the face and limbs, disappears. The rash does not cause discomfort or itching, but children usually become sharply capricious and "unbearable" during this time; the rash lasts from several hours to several days, and then disappears, leaving no pigmentation or peeling. An excerpt from the book by Sergei Butriy “Child health: a modern approach. how to learn to cope with illness and your own panic.

Roseola infantum should be treated symptomatically, preferably with antipyretics and plenty of fluids. In immunodeficiency states (HIV infection, congenital disorders of the immune system), antiherpetic drugs are additionally prescribed.

No matter how hard baby roseola flows, it is perfectly safe. Complications are extremely rare and are usually limited to febrile convulsions. An excerpt from the book by Sergei Butriy “Child health: a modern approach. how to learn to cope with illness and your own panic.

Enteroviral exanthems: chicken pox and enteroviral pharyngitis

The viral pemphigus, also known as turkish varicella, is caused by enterovirus 71 (EV-71). Enteroviral pharyngitis is caused by Coxsackie A16, B2, B5 viruses. They occur mainly among children under the age of 10 years, infection often occurs during holidays in southern countries.

The primary signs of pathologies are pain in the mouth and throat, because of which the child refuses to eat and does not even swallow saliva, but spits it out. Then the body temperature rises to 39°C. The fever persists for about 4 days and is accompanied by nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite and excessive irritability. With enteroviral pharyngitis, small white sores usually occur only on the palatine arches (Fig. 2), but Turkish chickenpox is a rash throughout the mouth, including the tongue, around the mouth, on the palms and feet. The rash on the skin may resemble chickenpox - red spots or blisters.

Symptomatic treatment:

• Oral hygiene and rinsing with antiseptic solutions.
• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that help control pain while lowering body temperature.
• Plentiful warm fluids to prevent dehydration, cold drinks and ice cream may be given (these are more easily tolerated by sick children).
• Diet with the exception of mechanically hard, sour and salty foods.
• Enteroviral exanthems are self-limiting, the disease usually recedes after 3-7 days. However, the condition of the child during the illness must be monitored in order to consult a doctor in time in case of complications. The most common are dehydration and secondary bacterial infections. In the latter case, abscesses, yellow crusts appear on the skin, the skin swells. Rarely enterovirus infection leads to serous meningitis.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox or chickenpox is an infectious disease caused by the human herpesvirus type 3 (Varicella Zoster). People of any age get sick with it, but mostly it is children 5-9years.

The main symptom is skin rashes that have a certain sequence of development. Small pink spots appear first, quickly transforming into papules, and then into vesicles (Fig. 3) with reddening around. After a couple of days, they open or dry out, forming crusts of dark red, brown color on their surface. A characteristic feature is severe itching.

The total period of rashes lasts from 2 to 9days. At the same time, the general condition practically does not suffer, but fever may occur.

There are no drugs that can completely eliminate the virus, so the treatment tactics are aimed at eliminating the symptoms and normalizing the child's condition:

• Bed rest in the presence of fever.
• Treatment of elements of the rash with a solution of manganese, methylene blue or brilliant green (brilliant green).
• Antihistamines for itching.
• Antipyretics.
• Taking regular warm showers without using a washcloth or brush.

Complications of chickenpox occur against the background of suppression of the body's immune system. These include: inflammation of the lungs (pneumonia), lesions of the nervous system (neuralgia, meningitis, encephalitis, damage to the facial nerve), eyes (keratitis, conjunctivitis, uveitis), etc.

Important ! For the prevention of chickenpox, especially for adults, against the background of a weakened immune system and a high risk of complications, vaccination is recommended. It can also be carried out as an emergency prophylaxis up to 2 days from the moment of contact with a sick person.

Measles

Measles is a viral infectious disease. Often it occurs in unvaccinated children from 2 to 5 years and older.

Measles debuts with a sharp rise in temperature to 39-40°C, dry cough, runny nose, headache, hoarseness. Characteristic features are swelling and redness of the eyelids, pharynx and red spots in the sky. On the 2-3rd day of development, a symptom specific to measles occurs - Filatov-Belsky-Koplik spots. These are white spots with a red border, observed on the inner surface of the cheeks near the molars. On the 4-5th day from the appearance of the first signs of the disease, these spots disappear, and they are replaced by a skin rash.

The primary localization of measles papular rash is the outer surface of the elbow, knees, fingers. Further, it spreads throughout the body (Fig. 4). The elements of the rash are surrounded by red spots and tend to merge with each other. After 4 days from the moment they appear, the child's condition returns to normal, and the elements of the rash become darker and peel off. Residual effects and pigmentation disappear after 7-10 days.

There is no specific treatment for measles; helping a child involves managing individual symptoms:

• NSAIDs to reduce body temperature.
• Expectorants for relief of coughs.
• Antiseptic mouth rinses.
• Topical treatment of rash elements with astringents or tea to relieve itching and soreness.

Measles is very dangerous. Possible complications of measles:

• Stenosis of the larynx - croup.
• Primary measles or secondary bacterial pneumonia.
• Inflammation of the respiratory tract - bronchitis, tracheitis, laryngitis, pharyngitis.
• Otitis media.
• Hepatitis.
• Encephalitis and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

Scarlet fever

Scarlet fever is a bacterial infection caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus. Most cases occur in children between 3 and 7 years of age.

The first manifestation of scarlet fever is an intoxication syndrome - an increase in body temperature up to 38-39°C, headache, general weakness and loss of appetite. On the 2-4th day from the moment the first signs of the disease appear, one of the characteristic symptoms appears - "crimson tongue" (Fig. 5). It is manifested by pronounced graininess and bright red color of the surface. Angina also occurs - inflammation of the palatine tonsils.

From the first days of scarlet fever, a characteristic red punctate rash appears, which does not disappear when pressed with glass, but becomes yellowish with effort. It is located on the flexion surfaces: the inner parts of the elbows, under the knees, in the inguinal pits, on the cheeks and sides of the body. It lasts up to 1 week, after which it disappears, leaving no pigmentation behind. A specific sign is the pallor of the nasolabial triangle.

Another characteristic feature of scarlet fever is the peeling of the skin that occurs after the rash has disappeared. At the same time, the skin "moves away" in whole layers in the area of ​​​​the palms and feet, while in other areas - in small fragments.

Treatment is based on antibiotics from the penicillin group. Vitamin C and B vitamins, symptomatic preparations are used as adjuvants. Plentiful warm drink and bed rest are recommended. In severe cases, glucocorticosteroids and intravenous drip of glucose solutions and plasma substitutes are used.

The most common complications of scarlet fever: otitis media, sinusitis and frontal sinusitis (inflammation of the maxillary and frontal paranasal sinuses, respectively), cervical lymphadenitis (inflammation of the lymph nodes of the cervical region).

Rubella

Rubella is caused by Rubella virus. The majority of patients are children aged 3 to 9 years.

Rubella begins with an intoxication syndrome of moderate severity: fever up to 38-38.5°C, headache and increased fatigue, signs of pharyngitis and conjunctivitis, pronounced enlargement of the lymph nodes of the cervical and occipital region.

After 1.5-2 days from the onset of the disease, a skin rash appears in the form of spots, which spreads downward over several hours - appearing on the face, gradually moving to the trunk and limbs. Outwardly, the rash initially resembles measles, then scarlet fever. Itching and peeling are absent, and the spots, unlike measles, do not merge with each other. The bulk of the spots are located on the buttocks and lower back, the outer surface of the elbows and knees. After 3-5 days, the rash disappears without a trace.

There is no specific treatment for rubella, and the main actions are aimed at eliminating individual symptoms of the disease. Complications are very rare, as a rule - against the background of disorders of the immune system. In such cases, the development of pneumonia, arthritis, otitis media is possible.

Important ! Rubella is especially dangerous for pregnant women, as it causes problems in the fetus, so when planning a pregnancy, all unvaccinated people should be vaccinated against this infection.

Urticaria

Urticaria or urticaria is a type of dermatitis caused by allergies. The disease is very common among both children and adults. In total, about 20% of the adult population and 2-7% of children suffer from it.

Medications (most often antibiotics), various foods, vaccines and physical influences: cold, sunlight, mechanical pressure can provoke the development of urticaria.

The leading symptom of the pathology is a skin rash in the form of dense red or pink vesicles or nodules 2-10 mm in diameter with clear edges, which become pale when pressed (Fig. 6). A characteristic feature is the sudden appearance and equally rapid disappearance of the elements of the rash without a trace, as well as severe itching.

Treatment, depending on the form of the disease, is represented by antihistamines, histamine receptor blockers, or glucocorticosteroids.

Complications occur in the absence of treatment and include angioedema, anaphylactic shock, heart and kidney damage in the form of myocarditis or glomerulonephritis, respectively.

Lichen planus

Lichen planus is a chronic dermatitis of unknown origin. Most of the patients are people aged 30 to 60 years. However, about 5% of the total number of patients are children.

A typical form of the disease is accompanied by the appearance of gray-white papules up to 2 mm in diameter on the oral mucosa, namely: the inner surface of the cheeks behind the molars, on the lateral parts of the tongue and on the palate. Sometimes the rashes can merge, forming patterns.

In some patients, a rash also appears on the skin of the flexor surfaces of the limbs of the arms and legs, the inner thighs. It has the appearance of small papules of various shapes and pinkish-purple color with a shiny surface and a depression in the center.

Treatment includes diet with restriction of salt, smoked and fried foods, coarse food that irritates the mucous membranes. Glucocorticosteroids are prescribed as medical support.

Pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rosea or Gibert's versicolor is a variant of a skin lesion whose cause has not been clearly identified. Exacerbations occur against the background of immune suppression - colds, hypothermia, chronic stress, etc. Most cases of this pathology are observed in people aged 20 to 40 years, as well as in adolescents.

The disease begins with the formation of a primary scaly focus of pinkish or yellowish color from 1 to 10 cm in diameter with a clear rim. After 1-2 weeks, secondary plaques and smaller papules appear on the body and limbs - up to 2 cm (Fig. 7). Gradually, the elements of the rash turn pale, and the outer edge becomes rougher. The rash may be accompanied by itching, fever and other manifestations of the intoxication syndrome.

The disease tends to self-heal within 4-5 weeks. Treatment is mainly local in the form of ointments based on glucocorticosteroids, and antihistamines and NSAIDs are prescribed to combat itching and fever.

Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis or eczema is a genetically determined inflammatory skin lesion of an autoimmune nature. Most often, children under 14 years of age living in large, industrial cities get sick.

Atopic dermatitis develops with a probability of 80% if both parents have a history of this pathology, and with a 50% probability if only one of them.

The first symptoms occur before the age of 2 years due to exposure to allergens, which can be food, plant pollen, dust and mold, cosmetics.

Typical symptoms are skin rashes, which vary depending on the stage of the disease. When exacerbated, red spots, papules and small vesicles appear, accompanied by severe itching. In infants, the typical site is the face, scalp, and neck. At an older age, the flexion surfaces of the limbs and the neck are affected. In the remission stage, they are replaced by foci of increased dryness of the skin, peeling and lichenification. During the year, on average, there are 2-4 exacerbations.

Ointments and creams based on glucocorticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and zinc are used in the treatment. In severe cases, hormonal drugs are used in the form of tablets or intravenous injections. Antihistamines are also used to combat itching.

Infectious mononucleosis

Infectious mononucleosis is the result of infection with human herpesvirus type 4 (Epstein-Barr virus). It is believed that already before the age of 5, about 50% of children become infected with this virus, and its prevalence among adults reaches 95% of the population. Most often, clinical signs of pathology occur at the age of 14-18 years.

Typical symptoms of infectious mononucleosis include:

• General weakness and malaise.
• Sore throat and pain when swallowing
• Headache.
• Slight increase in body temperature.
• Sensation of aching in muscles and joints.
• Enlargement and soreness of the lymph nodes in the region of the lower jaw and neck.

Skin rash occurs in less than ¼ of patients. Most often, they occur on the 5th-10th day of the course of the disease against the background of the erroneously prescribed antibiotics ampicillin or amoxicillin. The rash is represented by spots and papules and is located in the face, trunk, thighs and shoulders. It is accompanied by swelling of the skin and itching, sometimes peeling. The rash disappears within 5-7 days.

Since mononucleosis is of viral origin, antibiotic therapy is not used against it. Treatment of the disease involves the elimination of individual symptoms. In severe cases and with concomitant immunodeficiency, antiherpetic drugs are prescribed: ganciclovir, valaciclovir.

Prevention of rashes

In cases of infectious diseases, the only way to avoid rashes is to prevent infection, namely by limiting contact with sick people and practicing basic personal hygiene.

In case of allergic pathologies, it is important to exclude contact with triggers, and if this is not possible, take antihistamines or corticosteroids previously agreed with the attending physician in advance.

A series of recommendations to help avoid skin rashes of other origin for people with sensitive skin:

• Avoid direct skin contact with aggressive, irritating substances such as household chemicals.
• Limit skin exposure to sunlight, cold.
• Give preference to clothing and underwear made from natural fabrics.
• Avoid tight, uncomfortable clothing and mechanically rough objects such as washcloths.
• Use ointments or other skin care products recommended by a dermatologist or esthetician.

Conclusion

Skin rash is an important symptom of many diseases. She can tell you exactly what kind of disease you have to deal with. This, in turn, makes it possible to provide the right assistance before going to the doctor, avoiding mistakes or even coping with the problem on your own.

References

1. Federal Clinical Guidelines. Dermatovenereology 2015. Skin diseases. Sexually transmitted infections. - 5th ed. revised and additional - M: Business Express, 2016. - 768 p.
2. V.M. Kozin, Yu.V. Kozina, N.N. Yankovskaya "Dermatological diseases and sexually transmitted infections: Educational and methodological manual" - Vitebsk: VSMU, 2016. - 409 p.
3. P.D. Walk. "Skin and venereal diseases: Textbook" - Grodno: Grodno State Medical University, 2003. - 182 p.
4. Yu.V. Odinets, M.K. Biryukova “Atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, urticaria in children: method. decree. for stud. and interns" - Kharkiv: KhNMU, 2015. - 52 p.
5. S. A. Butriy “Child health: a modern approach. How to learn to cope with diseases and your own panic ”-“ Eksmo ”, 2018.

Skin rash in a child causes and diagnostic rules

From the condition of the skin, you can determine whether the function of the body is impaired. The rash varies in small red, intermittent, patchy, colorless, watery, vacant, itchy, knots and nodules. Children's rashes are much more common than adults. Basically, this is due to the influence of external factors (sunlight, temperature, humidity, harmful substances, chemicals, etc.) on the skin. The skin is also affected by the body's process and disease.

If you have a rash in a child, you should consult a pediatric dermatologist. The First Children's Medical Center provides competent pediatric dermatologist services in Saratov. Here you can not only get your doctor's advice, but also take all the necessary tests and hear the opinions of related experts. By contacting a doctor in a timely manner, you can find the cause of the rash, remove it and eliminate the risk of recurrence and complications.

Causes of rashes

The reason for this is physiological, which is accompanied by a natural reaction to the body's process. In addition, the background may have a pathological cause.

• Disability and parasites.
• Chemicals, harmful substances
• Metabolism; toxic substances, toxic substances, chemicals, toxic substances, toxic substances, etc.
• Specific vitamins: toxic substances, chemicals, toxic substances, toxic substances and other substances.
• Antibacterial agent; poison; poison; poison; poison;
• Gastrointestinal and renal functional disorders.
• External factors, internal factors

Thus, we can conclude that baby rashes do not come out without a reason.

From a parent's point of view, every breakthrough looks almost the same. However, it can distinguish the first primary rash, and not the primary rash or near the primary rash can be distinguished over time.

Types of rashes

Various childhood diseases appear as a combination of primary and secondary symptoms. The primary rash is different. It is important for parents to respond quickly and confirm the formation formed in the child's body.

• The bumpy details of these rashes are all deep in the dermis, in other words, the rash is not a surface. There is no cavity, it looks a bit like tuberculosis, and the color of the skin may change to red or purple.
• Blister (blister). Therefore, people name most of the things that can be done on the skin. However, the blisters are actually pink rounded shapes and there are no cavities or contents. True blisters are short, last for a few minutes to a few hours, and then disappear without a trace. For example, there is a burning.
• Water blister rash. This rash is also called nodularity because the appearance is similar to nodules with different skin colors and undertones. Papules are superficial and deep, and papules may disappear without a trace.
• Water blister rash. This rash looks like a blister on the skin. In some cases, a colorless or bloody serum may be hidden. COSS integrate alone or merge to form many rooms. Open blisters are the same size as the bottom of the blisters and leave skin on skin.
• Pompholygous (with two sexes). This type of rash also appears in the form of a whistle, but it is characterized by a more impressive size, 5 mm or more in diameter, compared to a small whistle. Such blisters may contain mucus or serum content as small whirlpools.
• Tonu pustules are eruptions of abscesses. From superficial to deep skin. The opening of superficial pustules passes without a trace. Opened medium-deep pustules (boils, carbuncles) can cause severe scarring and scarring.
• Rash on the body. This type of rash does not appear on the surface of the skin, but is characterized by a change in the shade of some parts of the body. Such rashes are vascular or petrifying.
• Roseola is the name given to a rash that occurs in many infectious conditions. All elements of a pink or moderately reduced rash. The structure of roseola resembles spots. When stretched or pressed on the skin, the rash turns pale and disappears for a while.
• hemorrhagic rash. This type of rash appears as red blood that forms at the sites of ruptured blood vessels. Stretching the skin does not stop the bleeding.

The appearance of the secondary rash is also different. Represents a bench, with the transformation of elements of the primary rash (usually blisters or pustules) into crusts after opening. Growth is often seen as secondary symptoms such as fissures, erosions, abrasions of epithelial cells, abrasions, scars and ulcers.

Where a skin rash can appear

A small, red rash is a type of rash that is more common in children of all ages, especially in early childhood, kindergarten, and high school.

On the hairline, face, armpits, shoulders, abdomen, back, buttocks, groin and groin, small, non-dominant rashes can be seen. Such rashes are caused by allergies (food, drug, cosmetic). It can also be the result of overheating or non-compliance with sanitary rules. This leads to chafing and knocking. In one-year-olds, the rash may cover the head as the skin regulates body temperature.

The skin on the face may be covered with red rashes in some viral diseases. A child may develop a rash on his face if he does not receive suspicious new foods or medicines and does not change his lifestyle. In this case, it is necessary to take a temperature measurement and contact a pediatrician.

Red rashes of various sizes and types may appear on the arms and legs of children due to viral or bacterial infections, red fever, measles or leukemia.

Colorless rashes become more visible over time and are much more difficult to detect. Often these types of rashes indicate the early stages of allergy development. An almost invisible rash that is colorless or very pale may cover the body and be rough to the touch. It resembles a gooseberry, runs over the skin during chills and chills. Eruptions occur close to each other and can be huge.

A watery rash is a clear sign of infections, allergies, insect bites, and sunburn.

These areas may become blisters filled with fluid.

• On the face (orbital triangle, lips, nose).
• For ribs, limbs, genitals, groin, inner waist, etc.
• near the anus.

In this case, the development of an infection originating from blisters or herpes is suspected. In much the same way, allergic reactions to the use of skin care products, in contact with chemicals and toxins, have caused local reactions resembling chemical burns.

Due to prolonged exposure to the sun, foamy rashes on the skin can turn red, causing the skin to turn red and slightly swollen.

When blisters appear on the skin of the hands and feet, "dyshidrosis" is possible, which is a blockage of the sweat glands. Blisters on the palms and heels are caused by the development of a fungal disease.

Purulent rash

Purulent rash is characteristic of bacterial infections. Such diseases most often develop under the influence of Staphylococcus aureus. It may also be due to the impact on the body of epidermal staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus and other microorganisms.

Such rashes can appear microscopically on the skin, wounds, wounds, which facilitates the penetration of internal microorganisms. Also, if the rash initially itches and itches and the baby begins to comb it, it becomes infected with bacteria and pustules appear.

Pustules on the knees and elbows in childhood can occur as a result of frequent falls and frequent skin injuries. The formation of a deep abscess is called a pyometra.

What parents need to do

To assess this condition, the parent should examine the child's skin and remove clothing. It is necessary to determine the nature of the rash (vesicles, opacities, papules, etc. ) and the area. It is necessary to remember and analyze the state before the rash appears.

You will then have your temperature taken, your neck and tonsils examined, and other signs checked. You need to decide whether to call a doctor at home or visit a medical facility yourself.

What not to do when a rash appears

• Compression of pustules.
• Comb the rash.
• Self processing -.
• opening blister
• Since the application on fair skin complicates the diagnostic measures.

Do not forget that there are infectious diseases with rashes. In this regard, you should refrain from visiting the clinic with your child, as you can infect someone else in the hope that your turn will come. In such cases, it is recommended to call a doctor at home.

Diagnosis of the disease

Before treating a rash, it is important to find out the real cause of the rash. The choice of treatment depends on what caused the rash.

This is a diagnosis.

• are removed from the skin.
• Accumulation of fluid contained in vesicles and pustules.
• Get blood, stool and urine tests.

If necessary, you can visit a specialist nearby, such as a pediatrician, allergist, infectious disease specialist or gastroenterologist.

The treatment of rashes does not consist only of local treatment. To fix the problem, complex treatment is usually required. The main goal is to change the baby's habitat, revise the menu, take medicine.

Pediatric Dermatology Treatment

If a rash develops on a child's skin, it is important not to treat it alone, as treatment may worsen symptoms. If you have modulated your child's skin, you need to ask your child's dermatologist for help.

The pediatrician at the pediatric medical center will be diagnosed with the latest research methods. As a result of the test, if it is found that the skin disease is a symptom of other diseases, dermatologists consult, treat and treat them with the help of relevant specialists (digestive, allergic department, endocrinology, gynecology, surgery, etc. ). request.

Reservations for pediatric dermatologists in Saratov are accepted from 8.00 to 20.00 at the first DMC by calling (8452) 244-000. Reception will be made in advance.

Food allergy is called a pathological reaction of the body to food ingredients. In this article, pediatrician Olga Nikolaevna Trekteteva explains in detail the symptoms of an allergy to a newborn and treatment.

Children's food allergies are said to be around 10%. This is quite a large percentage, and the increase was recently increased. It is not unusual for a mother who complains of her child's food allergy symptoms to see pediatrics. In order to effectively treat children's food allergies, doctors must not only prescribe medications, but also explain the rules of child care and explain the subtle differences in food therapy.

The genetic background is important in the onset of an allergy. Therefore, if moms and dads have an allergic reaction, children can also cause higher food intolerances.

Types of food allergies in infants

Food allergies are roughly divided into two types: a reaction that occurs immediately after entry into the body and an accumulated allergy. To cause an allergic reaction, allergens must be repeated into the body. Allergies are divided into types of skin symptoms, food, breath, etc., depending on the most damaged organ system.

Food allergy symptoms in infants

1. Food allergy symptoms are varied. The most common symptoms are a rash. Immediately after the allergen invades the body, hives can occur, which is an acute allergic reaction. A bright red swelling appears on the baby's skin with different sizes and shapes. Clear bubbles may appear in the center of the spot. The size varies from a few millimeters to several centimeters. This rash usually occurs within 1-3 days. But showing the child to the teacher is still worth it. Sometimes kids need to be prescribed medication so they get more immediate help in major rashes and places of failure. It is necessary to remember which product caused such a reaction and no longer gives.

2. Other rashes are not as bad. Therefore, it may not be possible to clearly define the relationship between exterior and product. Such a battle is usually not bright, small. It tends to be a wave current. The rash usually becomes bright in the evening and becomes thinner in the morning. The skin is dry, peeled, and sometimes cracked. It can often be done on the cheek, buttocks, outer waist, and arms. This type of rash requires special medical expert precautions and special treatments.

The most common symptoms are digestive symptoms. Swelling of the oral mucosa, swelling of the esophagus, single or frequent vomiting. In many cases, these symptoms strongly appear immediately after the use of allergens. In addition, children may suffer from abdominal pain. Sometimes you become sullen, get up or twist your legs. Food allergies can appear when the stool becomes loose. Both diarrhea and constipation can occur. Significant signs of a food allergy include large amounts of backflow, slight weight gain, anorexia, and weakness. Gastrointestinal symptoms may not be accompanied by a rash.

4 Respiratory symptoms may appear in infancy, although the incidence is low. When food enters the mucous membrane, swelling of the upper respiratory tract can occur. It is an acute, life-threatening illness. You need to consult a doctor immediately. If you are exposed to allergens for a long time, you may develop allergic rhinitis or asthma. In many cases, this reaction does not occur after swallowing food, but after inhaling particles. The most common cause of respiratory allergies is inhaling the smoke that comes out when you cook or fry fish.

In addition, there is also a serious acute allergic reaction such as Quinkehremen and anaphylactic shock. Such a reaction occurs immediately after contact with allergens and develops very quickly. This is extremely rare and requires urgent medical attention.

Causes of food allergies in newborns

It is very rare for a newborn baby to cause food allergies. Babies receive only breast milk. This is food made by nature for a child, and there will be nothing else. Therefore, the peak food allergy for breast milk is considered to be around 4-5 months after birth, which begins to produce additional foods that are added to breast milk, such as vegetables, fruits, grains, meats, and dairy products. In the case of a child raised in milk, the situation is slightly different. Powdered milk itself can cause food intensity. Therefore, when choosing a mixture, it is better to consult an expert.

What is the most common allergen in infants?

1. 1st place is intensity for milk proteins. Most modern baby milk is based on milk proteins. For this reason, the child causes allergies in the mixture. Also, if the mother's diet is rich in dairy products, babies who are breastfeeding may also react to milk. It is not a specific milk component or powdered milk. Milk ingredients contain many proteins such as albumin, globulin and casein. Some of them can cause allergic reactions, while others do not. Casein makes up about 80% of all milk protein. The ingredients contained in milk are the same as goat's milk. This explains that the baby has a crossover reaction to milk and goat milk. Therefore, if the milk is intolerable, it is not recommended to replace it with a recipe using goat milk or goat milk for baby food. Certain proteins are destroyed by heat treatment. This is because the reactivity of boiled milk (ability to react) is low. There is a protein similar to that of beef and calf. In intolerance to this kind of protein, children will cross milk and meat products.

2. The next most common cause of a child's allergy is eggs. In the composition of eggs, allergens also act as albumin, a protein. Therefore, it is recommended to include eggs from egg yolk and small amounts when including eggs in a meal. Please carefully observe the child's reaction to this product. In the first feeding of eggs, it is important to carefully observe the reaction with the protein. Please note that the pasta and bakery contain eggs.

3. Gluten is well known as a cause of food intolerance. It is a protein found in some grains. It is recommended to start adding foods that are gluten-free to avoid side effects. Soba, corn, rice, etc. High gluten foods like Maneuvera, Christos and Automeal should be introduced almost a year in advance. During the first year of reaction to gluten, there is not much intolerance to milk proteins and egg whites.

4. In addition, colorful vegetables and fruits can cause food reactions. Carrots, beets, pumpkin, peach, etc. A good idea is to take green vegetables and white vegetables like zucchini, cabbage, broccoli, etc. And it's better to start with a blue apple or pear for your child's fruit. Exotic fruits such as mango and kiwi should not be rushed.

Please note that any product can cause an allergic reaction. If you are giving your baby for the first time, your mother should remember the risk of intolerance. In particular, don't be impatient to introduce inferior foods. In the morning, give you some unfamiliar foods so that you can reduce the reaction during the day.

How to recognize a food allergy and not confuse it with other diseases?

In most cases, the diagnosis of food allergy requires a doctor's consultation and a detailed examination of the mother. Mom sometimes reveals that he is allergic to food or introduces a specific product for the doctor. It can be difficult to make such a diagnosis at the same time. After that, a doctor can be scheduled for the test. Start, all the calculations of blood cells. If necessary, a specific allergy test will be performed, such as an immunoglobulin test and for subsequent ages. These tests have been selected as the most useful in recent clinical guidelines. Also, depending on the symptoms your child is concerned about, you may need to consult an allergy, dermatology, gastrointestinal department, etc. In addition, additional tests from the gastrointestinal tract.

Treatment and prevention of allergies

According to the latest recommendations, breastfeeding is the mainstay of childhood food allergies. Babies who have grown up with only breast milk for a few months are unlikely to develop food allergies. At the same time, healthy breastfeeding does not require special foods. Meals should be perfect and varied, including protein, fat and carbohydrates. It also contains trace elements and vitamins. In addition, it is recommended that the mother of a child at risk of food intolerance not restrict the diet. It is necessary to completely eliminate foods that have reacted from their mother, and make a food diary.

Special hypoallergenic mixtures are chosen when artificial nutrition is needed for children with a predisposition to allergies. The mixture should be selected by a specialist for the treatment of existing conditions. According to the latest clinical guidelines, in case of intolerance to cow's milk proteins, fully hydrolyzed proteins or mixtures with an amino acid composition are chosen. In this case, it is not advisable to prescribe hypoallergenic mixtures or mixtures based on goat milk protein. Soy-based milk powder itself can cause allergic reactions.

Proper introduction of complementary foods is also an important step in the prevention and treatment of food allergies. Introduce complementary foods early - not earlier than 4 months and not later than 6 months. Choose hypoallergenic foods first, such as Chinese cabbage, green leafy vegetables, and gluten-free cereals. On one day, the babies were given only a small amount of one complementary food and a possible reaction was observed. In the beginning, limit the introduction of new foods to once a week. Mothers of babies who are predisposed to allergies or already suffering from allergies are advised to keep a food diary. In it, the mother writes down all the foods that she gives the child during the day, and possible reactions to them.

If necessary, the doctor may prescribe medication for your child. They can be considered for both oral administration and dermal treatment. Children with chronic allergic rashes are shown special skin care. Also, after washing, it is necessary to use a special care product - conditioner. It is better to consult a doctor about which conditioner to choose. If you have gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms, you may need special treatment from your doctor.

Eruptions often appear on the body in children. This may indicate a problem such as an allergy or skin disease. However, in most cases, rashes on the children's body do not pose a threat and go away on their own.

However, if you develop a rash or fever, feel unwell, behave abnormally, or are worried about skin changes, be sure to contact your pediatrician to rule out a serious illness or infection. treatment if necessary.

This article contains information about what causes the rash, but do not take it as a self-diagnosis. This is just an overview of the most common causes of rashes in children. Your pediatrician will be able to tell you more about your child's health. We will talk about the causes of rashes in infants separately.

Chickenpox (chickenpox)

Chickenpox is a common viral illness affecting most children. Chickenpox causes an itchy red patchy rash on the body that turns into blisters of fluid. The blisters then dry out, form a crust, and eventually flake off. Some children have few spots, while others have a rash all over their body.

Eczema

Eczema is a condition in which the skin becomes red, itchy, dry and cracked. The most common is atopic dermatitis, which is more common in children but occasionally occurs in adults.

Atopic dermatitis usually causes a rash on the feet (knees), hands (elbows), neck and face (eyelids, ears and cheeks). This is a clear illness, but if the child subsequently becomes infected with the herpes simplex virus, the dermatitis may worsen, and small blisters (called irritable fever) may appear along with the high fever.

Impetigo

Impetigo is a highly contagious disease caused by bacteria. It is characterized by the formation of pustules and blisters on the skin. There are two types of impetigo.

• Bullous contagious impetigo - large painless blisters filled with fluid.
• Impetigo is highly contagious and causes pustules that break open quickly, forming yellow-brown crusts.

If you think your child has impetigo, talk to your pediatrician. You will be given antibiotic cream and should be cured within 7-10 days.

Ringworm

Ringworm is a common, highly contagious infection that causes round spots, red rashes, on the skin. The plaques can appear anywhere on the body, but are most common on the scalp, legs, and groin.

Consult a dermatologist for an accurate diagnosis. Lichen interstitialis is treated with antifungal agents that are applied to the skin in the form of creams, ointments, shampoos, or given as tablets. Quarantine is provided for the period of illness, children cannot attend school and kindergarten.

Prickly heat

Sweaty babies may experience this option, for example, when worn in extremely hot or humid conditions. In older children, it develops when hygiene rules are not followed or when wearing uncomfortable synthetic clothing. Small red rashes and blisters appear on the skin, but they usually heal quickly without special treatment. To do this, bathe them regularly and wear them according to the weather.

Exudative erythema multiforme

Pustular erythema - skin reaction caused by:

• bacterial infection
• Herpes simplex virus

Round red spots appear on the arms and legs, which gradually increase and spread throughout the body. Favorite places of rashes Hands, less often feet, to a lesser extent the face, neck, shins, soles of the feet. Sometimes elements of the rash are observed in the oral cavity. The center of the spot gradually turns pale, forming elements that can merge with each other. In addition to blemishes, it can also cause blisters on the skin.

In subtle erythema multiforme, the pediatric focus is often disturbing, the rash is accompanied by fever. Recovery takes 2 to 6 weeks. Rarely, excretory erythema multiforme may develop in response to drugs such as antibiotics or antispasmodics. This is more dangerous, the disease can be life-threatening. Call your pediatrician if you develop a rash and feel unwell.

Keratosis follicularis (“goosebumps”)

Thylakotase is a common, asymptomatic condition in which the skin on the forearms becomes rough and itchy when cold. You can also get goosebumps on your lower back and cheeks.

It usually begins in childhood and worsens during adolescence. After that, the condition subsides and may even disappear completely with age. There is no specific treatment for follicular keratosis, but it usually does not matter much.

Hand-foot-mouth syndrome (viral pemphigus)

Hand-foot-mouth syndrome and viral pemphigus are common benign diseases caused by Coxsackie enteroviruses. Accompanied by rashes and small blisters on the palms and feet of children. Mouth ulcers and general malaise may also occur. Itching is usually not noticeable.

The child's immune system fights the virus on its own and symptoms usually disappear within 7-10 days. However, FMD is a highly contagious disease.

Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a skin disease caused by a virus that causes small hard blisters to form on the skin.

Molluscum contagiosum most commonly develops in children between 1 and 5 years of age who infect each other. As a rule, there is no pain, but sometimes itching may occur. Without treatment, it usually resolves within 18 months. In some cases, skin formations can be removed, but in this case, you should consult a dermatologist.

Molluscum contagiosum is highly contagious, but most adults develop immunity to the virus and are less likely to become infected through contact with it.

Pityriasis rosea

Rosacea dandruff is a relatively common skin condition. Rounded pink spots appear on the skin, the central part of which gradually turns pale and begins to peel off. The rash is sometimes accompanied by mild itching. After a few weeks, the spots spread all over the body.

Older children and young people between the ages of 10 and 35 are most commonly affected. Dandruff rosacea usually resolves without treatment within 2 to 12 weeks. Its cause is unknown.

Scabies

Scabies is a contagious skin disease caused by tiny, itchy mites that burrow on the skin. This causes a rash with intense itching. Children become infected with scabies through close contact, such as when playing with sick adults or children.

Ticks prefer thin skin between fingers, skin folds, curved limbs and groin. In young children, the legs, arms, buttocks, face, and scalp are usually affected. It leaves small red bumps or silvery lines on the skin, usually on the palms and soles. Infants often develop blisters on their feet. If you suspect you have scabies, call your doctor for treatment (lotion or cream).

Urticaria (urticaria)

Urticaria is a disease characterized by red, itchy, burning rashes on the skin. This is caused by the release of histamine into the skin. Causes redness, swelling and itching.

Urticaria can be caused by a variety of factors, including allergens (eg food and latex), irritants (eg nettles), medications, and environmental factors such as sunlight and heat. However, in most cases the cause cannot be determined. This is a common skin reaction in children. The rash usually resolves quickly with antihistamines.

Erythema infectiosum ("fifth disease")

Erythema injectio ("fifth disease") is a viral disease that is common in children that has a red rash on the cheek. In principle, children between the ages of 6 and 10 are eligible. In most cases, the health condition does not appear much and it will subside after a few days, so this is usually not required. This can take 4 to 5 weeks. If you have a rash or fever, contact your doctor.

Psoriasis (psoriasis)

Psoria is a disease in which red spots appear on the skin, covered with a silver scale. Psoriasis can cause beauty defects, and if the course is long, nails and joints can be invaded. This is a chronic condition, but there are treatments to help relieve symptoms, improve the appearance of the rash, and avoid complications.

Cellulitis or phlegmon

Bizitis and sputum is an inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissues caused by bacteria. The affected area becomes red, tender, swollen and hot. Changes in the skin are accompanied by high fever, pain and severe exhaustion. If these symptoms appear, contact your pediatrician immediately.

Measles

Motor sickness is a severe infectious disease caused by a virus. Measles can be contracted if you are not vaccinated or have not previously been vaccinated, but if you are one to four years old, you will have measles disease.

Hagan is characterized by a small, reddish brown rash, generally appearing behind the ears and then spreading to the head, neck, legs and torso. Children are likely to have flu-like symptoms and a high fever. If you notice the above signs, contact your pediatrician at home.

Scarlet fever

- And it is also a contagious infectious disease in children. The pathogen is a bacterium. A two-year-old child was the most affected. In the scarlet aroma, there is a bright pink rash that is characteristic of the body, and when you touch it, it looks like paper. In many cases, it starts with a sore throat, headache, and fever, and a rash develops after 12-48 hours. If you think your baby is red, contact your family doctor immediately.

Meningitis

A child's rash may be caused by "meningitis t-mamigitis", a disease that leads to death. The rash resembles roots or appears in red spots. It usually disappears after 2-3 hours. And due to serious causes and dangerous complications, the skin can be bruised. A sign that can be considered for meningitis in children.

• Children are repressed, react to others weak, limited and acute.
• The child is frustrated and hates to be hugged.
• I hate hugs, hate hugs, hate hugs, hate hugs, hate hugs, hate hugs.
• Vomiting and refusal to eat
• Blue and white and spots.
• Anorexia
• The expression is complex.
• We have severe drowsiness.
• It's warm.
• Red rash that does not go away even when pressed against hard objects (eg glass).

Trust your intuition. If you think you have had meningitis, contact your pediatrician at home immediately, and if your condition is serious, call an ambulance (03 from the landline, 911 or 112 from your mobile phone).

Child rash: which doctor should I contact?

When you go to your child's body, you can use this service to find a good doctor.

Follow the link to find a clinic where you can call a pediatrician at home.

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Napoprovku.ru was responsible for the localization and translation, and the NHS selection provided the original content for free. Retrieved from www.nhs.uk. Choice The NHS has not endorsed the local content or translation of the website's original content and is not responsible.

Copyright notice

All published materials are reviewed by physicians. However, no matter how reliable the articles are, it is not possible to consider all the characteristics of an individual's disease. Therefore, the information posted on this website is not an alternative to consulting a doctor, but additional. These articles have been created for the purpose of providing information and having advice.

Baby skin rash often sues during a pediatric consultation. Usually parents consider the cause of the rash to be children's eating habits. There are so many allergic rashes for children, but I will analyze them for what other reasons and how to treat them.

Physiological rashes

These are the types of rashes that appear on newborns. There seem to be various reasons. No special treatment is required and it disappears naturally. These are the following.

- Birotome a - Necessary white spots for the nose and forehead of newborns. Usually it naturally cuts to the first birth age. Special processing is not required.

- Seborrheic dermatitis or milky white crust - development in the year after birth. In tender reddish skin and normal skin, white and yellowish dark skin appears. It can be easily separated from the skin without giving any discomfort. There is no need for treatment. You may want to use shampoos and bubble baths dedicated to the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis sold in pharmacies.

- Dess (acne) for babies. It occurs in a newborn within one year of birth. I sometimes stay for a long time. The reason is that the change is due to hormones. The rash is similar to adult acne. Redness and thickening appear on the skin. Then a head appears with a white and yellowish content. For treatment, use a preservative if needed and a retinoid for severe changes.

- Post-erythema of the newborn, approximately 2-5 days after birth and completely disappears in 2-3 weeks. This is redness of the skin filled with white or yellow content or shrine. It can appear anywhere on your body. The cause of the occurrence has not been fully elucidated. There is no need for treatment. He disappears without permission.

Mongolian macules a-pigmented patches of green, blue and grey, commonly found on the back and buttocks of a newborn. Appears from birth. Pass independently at the age of 3 years. The kids are not in trouble. There is no need for treatment.

-Pigmentation of the skin "marble-o-like" - it can increase or decrease over time with a delicate network of blood vessels on the surface of the child's skin. The reason is that the child's autonomic nervous system is immature. Pass without permission. There is no need for treatment.

Allergic rashes

One of the causes of dry skin in children is allergies. Pathogens are divided into food and contact. Respiratory allergens rarely cause a rash. Exposure to allergens causes skin redness, swelling, itching, and sometimes clear blisters. If there is a strong reaction, the bubbles will be large. Damage to the epithelium of the bladder exposes the wound surface and heals under the crust. Acute allergic rashes usually disappear quickly after contact with the allergen is stopped. Rash from prolonged exposure to an allergen is usually less intense. treated worse. Makes it difficult to identify allergens. Severe cases require medical attention and more intensive treatment.

Atopic dermatitis

This is a skin disease that is accompanied by a violation of its barrier function and the development of inflammation. Atopic dermatitis first appears around 3 months of age. It flows like a wave through a period of improvement. In most cases, it is completely cured within 7 years. Approximately 10% of the changes remain for life. This is dry skin with slight redness, peeling, itching, sometimes small blisters with transparent contents appear. In severe cases, the redness may disappear, and the surface of the skin may crack, with a yellow or clear liquid leaking from it. Topical corticosteroids, pimeclalimus, and toclalimus in ointment or gel form are used to relieve flare-ups. Continue to use emollients to maintain remission and improve skin barrier properties. Antihistamines may be recommended to relieve itching.

Miliaria in infants

Predominantly localized in skin folds. It is characterized by redness of the skin and the appearance of small white dots. The reason is a decrease in the secretion of sweat glands and the inflammation that accompanies it. Contact dermatitis and diaper dermatitis is redness and inflammation of the skin caused by prolonged contact with the urine, feces and saliva of children. Both symptoms usually go away on their own with proper hygiene. Dry creams and powders containing zinc may help. Antifungals and antibiotics are used in severe cases with an infected rash.

Rashes associated with skin infections

Chickenpox is an acute, widespread infection that mainly affects children of preschool and primary school age. Symptoms of poisoning appear, sometimes accompanied by an increase in body temperature and the appearance of a characteristic rash. The chickenpox rash begins with red patches on the scalp. Then gradually lower your torso and limbs. It can also appear on the mucous membranes of the mouth and genitals. Soap bubbles with transparent contents appear instead of spots. Blisters appear, accompanied by itching of varying intensity. After that, the air bubbles dry up and become covered with a yellow crust, which eventually disappears. One large element can leave a permanent scar on the skin. Treatment is symptomatic. At high temperatures, use an antipyretic. Topically apply an antiseptic to the skin and mucous membranes to prevent infection of the elements. Antihistamines are indicated for severe itching. It will heal on its own in about 10 days. There are vaccines to prevent chickenpox.

- As an infectious disease that appears when fever, catalysis and rash appear on the 3rd - 4th day. Rash of measles appears in the mouth. And this extends to the face and to the body. The component of the rash is large and brown. There is no specific treatment for this rash. There is vaccination.

-Reval a is an infectious disease that appears with fever, catalog symptoms, conjunctivitis and rash. Rufella rash is small, bright, spreads over the entire skin. This disease has no silver bullet. Rubla has a vaccine.

- Pidera (sudden rash) ... This is a viral disease that develops mainly in children after 10 months. Up to two years of age. Appears with severe poisoning and acute onset with high fever. On the 3rd day, body temperature appears, and several elements of red rash appear. It starts from your head and gradually descends throughout your body. I don't care about the baby's rash. It heals naturally in 2-3 days. This disease does not require treatment.

- Per n-development from preschoolers. A characteristic change appears on the red border between the lips, mucous membranes and the oral cavity. Children feel itching and tingling. Redness appears on the skin, then swells, and a multifunctional graft is formed. When the disease subsides, crusts (cabs) form instead of bubbles, and they disappear without a trace. Herpes treatment includes an antiviral form in the form of a gel, ointment and tablets.

- Wheat Corner Infectious Flame is a viral skin lesion. This is expressed by the appearance of gradually increasing itching on unaffected skin. And a characteristic dent appears in the center. This disease is contagious, not dangerous, lasts a long time, and there is no specific treatment.

-Scarlac a is an infectious disease caused by bacteria. Appears in intense drunkenness, fever, inflammation of the tonsils and characteristic changes in the skin. The scarlet t-fever rash is patchy and not bright. It occurs in folds such as the groin, elbows, and armpits. And it spreads throughout the body. After recovery, go through without any x-traces. Some time after the disease, the skin may remain on the finger of the extremities. Scary fever is treated with oral antibiotics.

-Marming bacterial infection: a serious bacterial infection that also occurs due to fever, catalytic symptoms and damage to the central nervous system. The rash of meningitis infections has a characteristic appearance. These are the isolated bleeding factors that will add up to the big "subcutaneous bleeding". If such a rash appears on your child's skin, you need to consult a doctor immediately. Treatment with a systemic antibiotic. Mennititis bacterial infections have vaccines.

-Vakig a is a rash caused by bacteria. A brightly painful redness appears around the face, usually around the mouth, and then it will be covered with dirty yellow crusts. External antibiotics are used for treatment. In case of severe diseases, internal medicine is prescribed.

Counseling tells you about the problem you have, the doctor explains the situation, reads the test, answers your questions and makes the necessary suggestion.

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