Everyone knows where the baby comes from and that sperm has to meet the egg. However, in order to realize this meeting, more active sperm must be "coming" to the final line, eggs must be mature and follicles.

The etymology of "ovulation" is "ovum", which means "egg" in Latin. Ovulation is the release of mature eggs that can be fertilized in the ovaries. The most important condition for pregnancy is the existence of good mature eggs, and doctors are interested in this problem in order to assess the general condition of the genitals. In women, there are quite a few causes of infertility, lack of ovulation, and abnormalities in various hormones.

Ovulation tests

The characteristic of ovulation is an isolated sign that feels uncomfortable with the lower abdomen in the middle of the menstrual cycle, and this period is the period of ovulation. On the same day, the genitals may cause bloody discharge or increase libido. However, to get more accurate results, it is better to use one of the following methods.

Measurement of rectal temperature (basal body temperature)

This method is one of the simplest methods that does not require any financial investment other than buying a thermometer. However, it is impossible to completely accurately measure many conditions, such as regular sleep for a long time, measure body temperature at the same time without getting out of bed in the morning. Take the temperature in the rectum. Body temperature information is graphed by taking the menstrual cycle on the horizontal axis and body temperature on the vertical axis. A menstrual cycle can be considered an ovulation period if the temperature difference between the first and second phase is 0.3°C or higher. The first stage is the period before ovulation, the classic normal cycle is 28 days, and the period is 14 days. In the second stage, the remaining two weeks will be a cycle.

Ovulation test

This is a method to more accurately measure the concentration of LH (hormone Lutea l-Formation), one of the gonadotropins to support the reproductive function of women. Before ovulation, the value of this hormone increases significantly, and as a result, the LH peak point before ovulation can be assumed to be a certain day of the menstrual cycle in the urine, and a special test strip is used for this. He was. Questionnaire

If it is a stable cycle, the luteal period will last from 12 to 16 days, so it is best to start the examination about 17 days before the next period. In the case of a total 2 8 day cycle, the test will start on day 1 1st and the 3 5 day cycle should be from day 1 8. If the test result is positive, ovulation will begin between 28 and 42 hours.

Dynamic Ultrasound Progesterone Check and Measurement

Ultrasound tests allow you to see the formation of mature missed follicles in the ovaries. After the eggs are released, luteins are formed in this place, producing progesterone, which contributes to the normal growth of the pregnancy. The value of this hormone allows you to get effective information about ovulation.

Age and ovulation

If you are a young woman who is pregnant, almost your entire menstrual cycle will be ovulated. In addition, they say that in 10-15% of the year there is no ovulation. The general trend is that the older women are, the lower the frequency of ovulation. At age 40, ovulation does not occur more than six times a year. However, this is not only ovulation. For women over 40, it not only decreases in the ovulation cycle, but also reduces the chance of pregnancy and due to the degradation of egg quality. As a result, it affects the likelihood of pregnancy, normal growth and quality of the embryos.

If you can't get pregnant

Regular sexual activity for 1 to 1.5 years is considered a normal period. If a young woman is of reproductive age and she does not become pregnant after the deadline, doctors will diagnose her couple as infertile. After that, it is recommended that both couples have a consultation to clarify that they can be considered not pregnant. It is recommended that women over 35 not become pregnant for six months after regular sexual activity. Such suggestions were made to avoid wasting time because ovarian function and egg quality decline with age.

Factors that affect ovulation

Whatever the cause, such as environment, difference in eating habits, and medication. All this causes a hormonal imbalance, which leads to the occurrence of ovulation. These factors, such as constantly changing time zones, long flights, and normal climate changes, can be stressful for the body and cause the reproductive organ to have a normal rhythm. However, these enzymes are usually transient.

Impractical use of weight loss and fasting often supports anorexia nervosa. For example, patients with anorexia nervosa will give up on their own and fall into extreme fatigue. When weighing less than 45 kg, the body clearly reacts to this and begins to suppress the normal functioning of the reproductive organ. These women stop menstruation and ovulation.

Hormonal abnormalities also cause ovulation, most of which are due to genetic causes. Various diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperprolactinemia, thyroid dysfunction, syndrome accompanied by an increase in male hormones and sexualization disorders can cause normal ovulation. Some of them can be expected to restore ovulation and pregnancy, while others completely eliminate the processes of ovulation. Therefore, the problem of treating hormonal abnormalities and choosing medications should be left to the physician's decision.

Ovulation is achieved by prescribing drugs that correct hormonal imbalances and promote ovulation. Many means are intended for this, ranging from tablets to injections. In recent years, new means of stimulating ovulation have appeared. It contains genetically modified gonadotropins and is guaranteed to be free of impurities. With the advent of such drugs, the effectiveness of the treatment of women with endocrine disorders has increased dramatically, both in terms of restoring ovulatory cycles and in terms of fertility.

How does ovulation affect the sex of the baby

David Lowick and Lendran Shettles of Harvard spent nearly half a century developing a method for planning intercourse based on known ovulation periods. Here's how. Empirically, it has been found that male Y-chromosome spermatozoa are more mobile than X-chromosome spermatozoa, so they can reach the egg first. When exposed to the acidic environment of the vagina, Y-spermatozoa quickly die, becoming less active and giving way to slower, but more viable X-spermatozoa. Scientists believed that X-chromosome sperm could survive in the womb for several days in anticipation of ovulation, unlike Y-chromosome sperm, which could not. As the day of ovulation approaches, the vaginal secretions become more alkaline, which increases the chances of survival of sperm carrying the Y chromosome. If the exact date of ovulation is known, it is possible to plan the sex of the unborn child, making it more likely that certain sperm will participate in the fertilization process. To increase your chances of having a girl, have sex 2-3 days before ovulation. If you want a boy, you should avoid intercourse the week before ovulation until the day of ovulation.

Interestingly, there is some seasonality, which is confirmed by many observations. Girls are often born in early winter, spring, early summer, early autumn and late autumn. Boys are often born in the first two months of winter, in early or late spring, late summer or mid-autumn. With these observations, you will be able to plan the timing of conception and increase your chances of having a gender-differentiated child.

Hysterectomy (or hysterectomy) is a fairly common operation. Its indications are varied, including uterine fibroids, various neoplasms and tumors (including postmenopausal ovarian cysts), endometriosis. The volume of surgical intervention is proposed when the preservation of the affected organ is impossible due to the high risk of complications (bleeding, malignancy, progression).

Since this type of surgery has been around for about 100 years, a lot of experience has been accumulated in this area of ​​gynecology. In addition, many clinical studies have been conducted, and now it is possible to draw certain conclusions about the outcome of the operation and the quality of life of the operated patient. In modern gynecological medicine, laparoscopic hysterectomy is possible as long as the size of the uterus allows, providing high accuracy during the operation and a quick recovery after the operation.

However, most women who recommend hysterectomy are concerned about the outcome of the operation. However, in many cases, you need to worry about the status of an operation.

How does life change? Do I need to make fundamental changes to remove important organs like the uterus and adapt to how my body works? How does this feature affect your sex life, and how should you build relationships with sexual partners? Does surgery change, such as weight gain, rapid skin decline, and black hair on the face and body?

If you try to briefly answer these questions, the answer will be. “There are no sudden changes in lifestyle and appearance.

And if you want more explanation, read on.

Why do such questions arise?

The stereotype works on a woman's heart.

There is no uterus, no menstruation, no climax. Klimax = aging.

Women are convinced that when the uterus is removed, the body is artificially reconstructed, aging is faster, sexual desire is reduced, and many functions are lost. There is a problem with health and happiness, you will be depressed and you will have irrational fatigue, and as a result it will affect relationships with others, especially relationships with your lover. Psychological problems may be replaced by physiological problems, and family understanding and trust cannot be established. As a result, it causes sad situations such as early, loneliness, fast quality of life, as well as guilt and inferiority.

In fact, this stereotype can be extremely easy to break by understanding the anatomical structure of a woman's body and understanding the purpose of the uterus, the occurrence of menstruation and menopause. We are going to help you

The uterus and its functions (briefly about the main things)

The uterus is an organ that has a specific function in a woman's body (see "Normal Anatomy of the Internal Pelvic Organs") and plays a role in the transfer of embryos for the development of the embryos. At birth, the uterus contracts and plays a very active role in fetal hatching.

Among them, it is "supported" by a mucous membrane called the endometrium. The endometrium is saturated with blood vessels, and the blood supply is remarkable in the middle and late period of the menstrual cycle (the doctor says that "the endometrium is thickened"). The body needs the fertilized eggs to be fixed in the uterus and begin to grow. If fertilization is not established, the blood vessels will not reach the blood vessels, the top layer of the endometrium will be cut off and discharged outside the body. Menstruation begins.

When the uterus is removed, there is no menstrual flow due to the absence of the endometrium and there is nothing to excrete outside the body. However, this condition has a completely different character from menopause. This is called "surgical menopause".

What is menopause

Climax is the disappearance of ovarian function. The secretion of sex hormones (estrogen, testosterone, progesterone) is reduced and the eggs are not mature.

Estrogen (female hormone) is very important in the condition of the skeleton and blood vessels, and a shortage is often accompanied by muscle circulation and blood circulation.

Reducing testosterone (male hormone) decreases leads to a decrease in libido (libido). It is the reconstruction of hormones that are actively carried out in the body, which causes external changes such as excess weight, aging skin and hair loss. Even if the uterus is removed, the ovaries continue to function and secrete sex hormones, so the hormones do not change.

Clinical studies have proven that the ovaries work at the same time as genetically programmed in the body when the uterus is removed.

Estrogen is generated independently of the uterus and continues to have a positive effect on the skeletal and cardiovascular system. Since testosterone is also generated, libido does not decrease and the quality of sex life does not change.

In addition, those who are familiar with symptoms such as pre-menstrual syndrome (PMS) will continue. Pre-menstrual syndrome is due to periodic ovarian function.

Approach to surgery

If the doctor thinks that the uterus needs to be removed, she does not remove the types of uterus (ovaries or testicular tubes). Modern thinking argues that the ovaries can be left in the cervix as well.

It has also been confirmed that the risk of developing ovarian cancer after hysterectomy is reduced. It appears that the risk of ovarian cancer in women after hysterectomy is 1/300, and the risk for women after uterine preservation is 1/80.

Psychological consequences of hysterectomy

The correct way to hold is healthy, the key to returning to daily life after surgery. For a good psychological state, you need to first trust your doctor and be convinced that your body will work as before (this is true). Positive attitude and support of important people is very important.

Many women give the uterus some kind of symbolic and consider it super, which is important. In their minds, the womb is assimilated into the essence of women. The fact that the situation is different, as described above. If you emphasize the opinions of others and want to protect yourself from psychological adverse effects, you do not need to explain the details of the operation (including a close relative other than your husband). That's what lies saves." In this case, remember that your most important thing is your health. Both physically and mentally.

Sexual life after hysterectomy

In sexual negotiations are prohibited for 1-1.5 months after removal of the uterus (and also after another operation). This is basically the time it takes for the wound to heal.

If you understand that your body is recovering and you can live a normal life again, there is no interference in sexual intercourse. The sensitive areas that give pleasure to women with sexual activity are not in the uterus, but in the vagina and vulva.

Of course, the degree of rapport with your sexual partner plays a very important role here. He feels cramped and anxious, tries to adapt to your new state, is afraid of sudden movements, experiences a general fear. In addition, his feelings will be determined solely by your feelings. He will take your situation positively and take everything very seriously.

Remember that your partner also needs reliable information. Feel free to discuss any questions or concerns he may have. If necessary, seek a joint consultation with a gynecologist. Perhaps your partner will take his words with more confidence. He must be sure that your sex appeal and feelings will not undergo major changes and that you can continue to be an attractive and voluptuous woman for him. like before.

So you have to weigh the pros and cons. The results of a hysterectomy will not cause you any discomfort. You always have to choose between your health after the removal of a diseased organ and imaginary fears of changes in appearance and lifestyle.

In the first phase of the menstrual cycle, the development and maturation of the follicle, called the main follicle. Ovulation occurs when the dominant follicle breaks its wall and comes out. enter the fallopian tubes. You can fertilize throughout the day. The dominant follicle of the second cycle turns into a corpus luteum and its main function is the synthesis of progesterone.

The corpus luteum functions for 10-12 days. If conception does not occur, the egg dies, the corpus luteum recedes, which leads to menstruation.

Symptoms of ovulation

• vaginal mucosa.
• increased libido
• mood changes
• Heavy in the chest.
• fever

Most women ovulate completely asymptomatically, but some experience symptoms a few days before ovulation. During ovulation, women may experience pain in the lower abdomen. This can make a very strong impression. This disorder is called ovulatory syndrome. The discomfort lasts for several days. Women can change and become more viscous. During ovulation, her sex appeal increases. Egg maturity changes the number of days as follows.

1. Five to seven days after the onset of menstruation, the cells reach a diameter of 4 to 5 mm.
2. On the 8-10th day, a cover of connective tissue appears. Dominant ones stand out among other formations.
3. On the 11-13th day, the dominant diameter reaches 16-18 mm. The remaining follicles recede, and follicles larger than 16 mm form phyllodes with eggs. After 3-4 days, the egg matures and leaves the follicular cavity. Fertilization is possible only during life. It never exceeds 48 hours.
4. The next ovulatory cycle starts on day 14-16. At this stage, the residual follicular cells, called glial vesicles, are 20-22 mm in diameter.

Single cycle studies are considered inconsistent. The duration of the menstrual cycle directly depends on the rate of maturation of the egg in the first stage before ovulation. A typical classic version is 14 days, and the cycle is 28 days.

After the release of the egg, the second phase of the cycle (luteal phase) begins, which in the same woman is constant from 12 to 16 days, but more often 14 days. In a long cycle, the egg matures longer than usual and ovulates later. For example, in a woman with a 32-35-day cycle, the release of the egg occurs at 18-21 DC, two weeks before the start of the next menstruation, and not in the middle of the cycle, as many believe.

Ultrasonic folliculometry

Some ultrasounds with a vaginal probe can calculate a woman's ovulation and conception dates. Examinations in the ultrasound diagnostic room are carried out 3-4 times per cycle every 2-3 days. If you have an irregular cycle, you should visit your doctor 3-4 times every 2-3 days, starting on the 7th day after your period ends.

If you have a regular cycle, you can have an ultrasound 2-3 days before delivery. With a 30-day cycle, ultrasound control begins 4-5 days before the middle of the monthly cycle, on days 10-11. The eggs are then checked with ultrasound every 2 days until the eggs are released. With the size of the follicle the day before from 20 to 24 mm and the beginning of the development of the corpus luteum, ultrasound diagnostics confirmed the beginning of the ovulation period. This operation can be performed through the vagina or through the abdominal wall. Vaginal examination does not require prior preparation and is primarily associated with the emptying of the cyst. Abdominal examination is traditionally performed from the side of the abdominal wall. For three days prior to the study, anything that can cause flatulence or bloating should be avoided, and on the day of the study, you should not eat or drink at least 1 liter of water.

Ovulation Tests

Ovulation tests can be done at home if the follicles can be seen with ultrasound. The mechanism is the following. 24-36 hours before the release of the egg from the ovary into the urine, the amount of luteinizing hormone (LH) rises sharply. A day or two before that, she, as it were, “pushes out” the egg from the wall of the ovary.

Ovulation test strips determine if the amount of hormones is increasing. Fertile days can also be calculated. Test twice a day 5-6 days before your expected ovulation date. Since we are interested in ovulation in a 30-day cycle, it is recommended to start measuring around the 13th day. If ovulation is not observed, the second strip will be absent. However, the day before and on the 15th day, the test line had the same brightness as the control line. Similar signs indicate that ovulation is expected in the next 24 hours. It should be placed in a container of fresh urine for a few seconds, placed on a dry surface and the result read after about 5 minutes. This test is carried out by analogy with the test for detecting conception.

Basal Temperature Method

This method measures the temperature of the rectum (rectum). This is measured immediately after sleep during the cycle. To do this, use a thermometer. You need to knock at night before going to bed. The measurement is taken immediately after getting up in the morning. By correctly measuring your basal body temperature, you can determine whether a patient is ovulating normally, fast, or slow. This is one of the easiest ways to appreciate a day when it's easy to get pregnant. It's a good idea to do this after waking up in the morning without getting out of bed. Now, as soon as I woke up, I was next to the thermometer. All results must be carefully noted with special graphics. At the end of the cycle, all points with measurement results are associated with broken programs. It cannot be measured during menstruation. On the first day of the cycle, the temperature reaches 36.9° C. A few days before ovulation, it can be 36.2 ° C-36.4 ° C. An increase in temperature to 37 ° C indicates that 37.4 ° C has ovulated. If the body temperature after the increase in ovulation, probably pregnant.

Calendar method

This ovulation judgment method is suitable for people with regular menstrual cycles. Full ovulation occurs 14 days before the start of a new cycle. To find out the number of days it is easy to get pregnant, you need to analyze the last three months. The first day of the menstrual cycle is the first day of menstruation. Fully ovulation occurs 12-14 days before the start of a new cycle. The cycle also changes due to various factors such as health, nervousness, stress, physical activity and changes in climate while driving.

Cervical mucus assessment method

In a woman's ovaries, estrogen is secreted just before ovulation. As a result, the number of vaginal cells and cervical mucosa will increase. This mucus is viscous and can be controlled by expanding a small amount of about 2 cm between the fingers.

Why doesn't ovulation occur?

There may be no ovulation for various reasons. It is divided into two types, normal and uncommon.

In this case, you do not need to worry about not ovulating.

• During pregnancy. Women do not ovulate during pregnancy or a few months after giving birth.
• I am breastfeeding.
• In the case of a young girl (12-14 years old), the menstrual cycle has not yet been established.
• Menopause: stop and due to suspension of menstruation ovulation.
• Obtaining oral contraceptives. In this case, ovulation should not occur.

Oral contraceptives should not occur.

• No oral contraceptives, pregnancy, oral contraceptives, polycystic ovary syndrome.
• Inflammation of the reproductive organs.
• Thyroid dysfunction
• Unassessed cortical function.
• Rumors about the pituitary and hypothalamus.
• Systemic disease.
• stress
• Early ovarian failure.
• Women's weight and deficiency.
• hunger.
• Chronic lack of sleep.
• Mental and physical overload.
• Nasopharyngeal infection was transferred.
• Radioactive material.
• Take a specific medication.

Early rupture of the follicle has the following causes.

• Kettlebell lifting
• Take the sage's brew.
• Hormonal preparation
• Practical press.
• Take a warm bath.

Not everything, but the female body moves like clockwork. The case when there is no ovulation, although there is regular menstruation, is called the menstrual sutra. Don't worry if this phenomenon doesn't happen two or more times. Lack of ovulation with regular menstrual periods can only be assessed by observing the body for a long time (at least 3 months).

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Class Noopris Nensekaya

Asano

This question worries women who dream of children and those who want to protect themselves from unwanted pregnancies. This time, together with the Health Clinic, we will clarify what kind of ovulation occurs from a physiological point of view and how to catch it.

Ovulation is the short period of a woman's menstrual cycle when pregnancy is at its strongest. Ovulation lasts from 12 to 24 hours and traditionally occurs in the middle of the 11-21 day cycle, depending on its length. Only women with an ideal menstrual cycle can accurately calculate ovulation using a calendar. It is noteworthy that they are few.

Most women should see a gynecologist or try to determine ovulation by a set of symptoms specific to this time of year. Fortunately, we live in the 21st century and we have several ways to determine when we are ovulating.

Methods for determining ovulation

1. Calendar method

This method is very popular but has poor accuracy. As I wrote above, using the calendar, only women who do not have disruptions in the menstrual cycle can determine ovulation. For example, if you have 29- the daily menstrual cycle, menstruation comes on time, and reproductive health is normal, then the calendar method is a good choice. Of course, it should be used by those who want to conceive a child. Otherwise, it will be more reliable to protect yourself, regardless of the day of the cycle.

2. Spawn test

Ovulation test is available at any pharmacy and is now available to all women in developed countries. Such tests should be used from the 11th day of the cycle, not earlier. Two days before ovulation, both test and control strips will become lighter, signaling the start of the fertile period.

However, this test only detects the luteinizing hormone peak that promotes the distribution of the follicular capsule. This does not guarantee 100% ovulation. Even in perfectly healthy women, the probability of conception on the day of ovulation rarely exceeds 40%. In addition, if the dominant follicle has not matured for some reason, the probability will be completely zero.

3. Follicle

A modern and accurate method for determining ovulation. During the operation, a special sensor is inserted during crushing, and the doctor evaluates the condition of each ovarian follicle. From the moment of ovulation, the dominant follicle matures and reaches 20 mm, the optimal time for conception.

This procedure should be carried out at least 3 times per cycle on the first day, on days 11-12 and on days 24-25 after the end of menstruation. The first ultrasound will assess the condition of the ovaries and the number of follicles, the second ultrasound will assess the likelihood and timing of ovulation, and the third ultrasound will assess the chances of pregnancy.

In any case, it is necessary to consult a gynecologist before the ultrasound. Doctors give clear instructions and recommendations.

4. Symptoms of ovulation

The effect is not confirmed, but it is a popular method for women. In the days leading up to ovulation and during the ovulation period, you will experience various symptoms that indicate a favorable time for conception. There are nuances here. Some women have severe symptoms, while others hardly notice them. But we will talk about them in the next part.

Symptoms of ovulation

So what should we be afraid of?

Basal body temperature (lowest body temperature after sleep). On the day of ovulation, the temperature drops sharply by about 0.5 ° C, the next day it rises sharply and continues to rise until the 23-27th day of the cycle. To calculate the exact date of ovulation, you need to take your temperature immediately after waking up every day of your cycle and plot it on the change curve.

Temperature is taken rectally by inserting a thermometer into the rectum.

Changes in cervical mucus. During the fertile period (4-6 days), the mucus is almost transparent, watery and slippery, like egg white, but at the same time thick and elastic. If you pay attention to such changes, your chances of conception will increase significantly.

breast swelling; The breasts may become swollen and painful, and the nipples may become tender.

Increased libido A few days before ovulation, a woman's attraction to a partner increases. Some women report that their skin and hair have improved and they are more confident.

Pain and unpleasant twitching in the lower abdomen on the side of the ovary where the ovum has matured. Keeps no more than 5 days.

To keep track of all these symptoms, a woman must make an effort to monitor her body throughout the cycle for several months.

Symptoms of the end of ovulation

There are also symptoms indicating that ovulation has ended.

• Cervical mucus becomes whitish and cloudy.
• Discomfort in the mammary glands and ovaries disappears
• Decreased libido
• increase in basal body temperature

How to accurately determine the days of ovulation?

Currently, only a folliculometer can accurately determine the date of ovulation and the possibility of pregnancy. This is because ultrasound can confirm and evaluate the condition of the follicles before and after ovulation. For example, during the second phase of the cycle, follicles can be reborn and turn into cysts.

Ovulation may not occur for various reasons, including stress in a woman's life, rapid weight loss, climate change, and hormonal imbalances.

Is it possible to get pregnant not on ovulation, but on other days of the cycle?

Yes, I can. It is said that from 6 days before ovulation to 2 days after ovulation, the chance of pregnancy is 16-30%. Since every living being has its own biorhythm, no one will tell you the exact number.

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