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HCG norms by weeks of pregnancy

Content

1. Table of average hCG norms
2. Table of average hCG norms for carrying twins
3. Table of average hCG values ​​after IVF with engrafted twins
4. Guidelines for free β-hCG subunit
5. Norm РАРР-А
6. What if I am at high risk?
7. How to confirm or deny the results of screening?
8. The doctor says I need an abortion. What to do?

One of the main tests during pregnancy is the study of the level of pregnancy hormone - hCG or human chorionic gonadotropin. If expectant mothers want to know if the hormone level is normal, we made a summary table of values ​​

Table of average hCG rates:

Gestational age	HCG in mU/ml	HCG in mIU/ml	HCG in ng/ml
1-2 weeks	25-156	5-25 (doubtful result)	-
2-3 weeks	101-4870	5-25 (doubtful result)	-
3-4 weeks	1100 – 31500	25-156	-
4-5 weeks	2560 – 82300	101-4870	-
5-6 weeks	23100 – 151000	1110 -31500	-
6-7 weeks	27300 – 233000	2560 -82300	-
7-11 weeks	20900 – 291000	23100 -233000	23. 7 - 130.4
11-16 weeks	6140 – 103000	20900 -103000	17.4 - 50.0
16-21 weeks	4720 – 80100	6140 – 80100	4.67 - 33.3
21-39 weeks	2700 – 78100	2700 -78100	-

Table of average hCG norms for carrying twins:

Table of average values ​​of hCG after IVF with accustomed twins:

Free hCG β-subunit limits

Measuring free hCG β-subunit levels can more accurately determine the risk of Down syndrome in an unborn child than measuring total hCG.

Norms for free β-hCG subunit in the first trimester:

Norms in ng / ml may vary in different laboratories, therefore the data indicated is not final, and in any case you should consult your doctor. If the result is indicated in MoM, then the norms are the same for all laboratories and for all analyzes: from 0.5 to 2 MoM.

If hCG is not normal, then:

1. If the free β-hCG subunit is higher than normal for your gestational age, or more than 2 MoM, then the child has an increased risk of Down syndrome.
2. If the free hCG β-subunit is below normal for your gestational age, or is less than 0.5 MoM, then the baby is at increased risk of Edwards syndrome.

PAPP-A norm

PAPP-A, or "pregnancy-associated plasma protein A" as it is called, is the second indicator used in biochemical screening of the first trimester. The level of this protein constantly increases during pregnancy, and deviations in the indicator may indicate various diseases in the unborn child.

Norm for PAPP-A depending on the duration of pregnancy:

Gestational period, weeks	HCG in ng/ml
8-9 weeks	0.17 - 1.54 mU/ml, or 0.5 to 2 MoM
9-10 weeks	0.32 - 2.42 mU/ml or 0.5 to 2 MoM
10-11 weeks	0.46 - 3.73 mU/ml, or 0.5 to 2 MoM
11-12 weeks	0.79– 4.76 mU/ml, or 0.5 to 2 MoM
12-13 weeks	1. 03 - 6.01 mU/ml, or 0.5 to 2 MoM
13-14 weeks	1.47 - 8.54 mU/ml, or 0.5 to 2 MoM

Norms in ng / ml may vary in different laboratories, therefore the data indicated is not final, and in any case you should consult your doctor. If the result is indicated in MoM, then the norms are the same for all laboratories and for all analyzes: from 0.5 to 2 MoM.

If PAPP-A is abnormal:

1. If PAPP-A is lower for your gestational age, or less than 0.5 MoM, your baby is at increased risk of Down syndrome and Edwards syndrome.
2. If PAPP-A is higher than normal for your gestational age, or more than 2 MoM, but other screening values ​​are normal, then there is no cause for concern.

Studies have shown that women with elevated PAPP-A levels during pregnancy are not at greater risk of fetal disease or pregnancy complications than other women with normal PAPP-A.

What if I am at high risk?

If your screening reveals an increased risk of having a baby with Down syndrome, then this is not a reason to terminate the pregnancy. You will be referred for a consultation with a geneticist who, if necessary, will recommend examinations: chorionic villus biopsy or amniocentesis

How to confirm or refute the screening results?

If you think that the screening was not done correctly, then you should be re-examined at another clinic, but for this you need to retake all the tests and undergo an ultrasound. This method is possible only if the gestational age at the time of the examination does not exceed 13 weeks and 6 days.

The doctor says I need an abortion. What to do?

Unfortunately, there are times when a doctor strongly recommends or even forces an abortion based on the screening results. Remember: no doctor has the right to such actions. Screening is not a definitive method for diagnosing Down syndrome and, based on poor results alone, a pregnancy should not be terminated.

Say that you want to consult a geneticist and undergo diagnostic procedures for Down syndrome (or other disease): chorionic villus biopsy (if you are 10-13 weeks pregnant) or amniocentesis (if you are 16-17 weeks pregnant).

The author of the article:

Ananyina Anna Alexandrovna

Obstetrician-gynecologist

Work experience since 2010
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Eat more foods rich in iron: beef tongue, liver, buckwheat and oatmeal, prunes, dried apricots, green apples, etc. But diet alone will not work to raise hemoglobin.
Medical therapy with iron supplements is required. If the problem is associated with insufficient intake of iron into the body, one set of drugs is needed, if with absorption, another. The doctor must select drugs.
Injection therapy may be required for more severe anemia.

If there are no contraindications, natural childbirth is possible. Only an obstetrician-gynecologist should decide on the possibility of EP.

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With an increase in the duration of pregnancy and the growth of the baby, the uterus increases - this can lead to increased tone. Sometimes tension arises in response to the movements of the child. Strong physical exertion, stress, overwork of a pregnant woman can also lead to increased tone.
In early pregnancy, uterine tone may be associated primarily with reduced progesterone production. In this case, the doctor prescribes the patient treatment with progesterone preparations.
Symptoms of increased tone
All pregnant women experience tone differently. Someone - like heaviness and tension in the lower abdomen. Others - as a pulling pain in the lumbar region. In the 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy, a woman can feel the tone by putting her hand on her stomach: the uterus becomes "stone", then relaxes.

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hCG during pregnancy - analysis, norm

Human chorionic gonadotropin, the abbreviation of which is hCG, is a hormone that is secreted by the membranes of a conceived child. An analysis of hCG during pregnancy shows how the physiological processes proceed in the body of a pregnant woman, and what is the condition of the fetus in the womb. It can be performed from the first days of delayed menstruation.

What is human chorionic gonadotropin

Chemically, human chorionic gonadotropin is a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of forty-six thousand daltons. The hCG molecule consists of two subunits -α and β. α-particle identical in three hormones of the anterior pituitary - luteinizing (LH), follicle-stimulating (FSH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The uniqueness of hCG lies in the structure of its β-subunit. Thanks to the beta particle, the biological activity inherent in this chemical substance and the immunochemical specificity are realized.

The biological activity of hCG is manifested in relation to the ovaries and adrenal glands, which begin the synthesis of their own hormones that maintain pregnancy, immediately after an increase in the level of hCG in the blood serum. Immunological specificity is expressed in the fact that antibodies are obtained to the β-subunit, and this makes it possible to determine hCG immunochemically. Antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies are the basis of all modern methods for determining this hormone in blood and urine.

The developing embryo synthesizes hCG immediately after conception. Then it is produced by syncytiotrophoblast. The presence of the hCG hormone is a prerequisite for the successful progression of pregnancy. It supports corticosteroid hormones and other growth factors in the corpus luteum, promotes the development of blood vessels in the uterus, better immunological adaptation during pregnancy. HCG, due to its high negative charge, repels the mother's immune cells from the fetus and protects it. Some scientists believe that hCG is a link in the development and maintenance of immune tolerance during pregnancy.

Presence and levels of the hormone hCG during pregnancy can be determined in the blood or urine. Many immunological methods that detect hCG in biological fluids are based on the "sandwich" principle. In diagnostics, monoclonal antibodies to human chorionic hormone are used, which are labeled with an enzyme or a luminescent dye. Pregnancy tests are based on the lateral flow technique.

The level of hCG during pregnancy in the urine is determined using immunochromatography. The range of threshold values ​​depends on the test system. Serum is subjected to research by chemiluminescence or fluorometry. With the help of enzyme immunoassay, hCG can be detected at its level of five milliinternational units per milliliter.

HCG during pregnancy. Norm

The level of the hCG hormone during pregnancy is used to judge how it proceeds, whether there is a threat of abortion, miscarriage, or ectopic pregnancy, and whether the fetus has frozen. The level of hCG during pregnancy can be determined in the urine or blood. With the help of pregnancy test systems, the presence of hCG in a woman's body is detected.

In order for the results of the analysis of hCG during pregnancy to be true, it is necessary to prepare for donating blood for the study. It is better to donate blood on an empty stomach in the morning. If this is not possible, then do not eat for six hours before donating blood.

During the three days preceding the blood test for hCG, the woman's physical and emotional stress is limited. She must refrain from drinking alcohol during this period of time. The analysis of hCG during pregnancy is best performed before the delay, about seven days before the possible implantation of the egg.

The maximum level of hCG in non-pregnant women should not exceed 15 mU / ml. In men, it ranges from zero to five milliunits. In the first days of a delay in menstruation, an hCG analysis may be unreliable. Particularly sensitive test systems show an increase in the level of hCG in the presence of pregnancy before the expected period.

HCG rate is not the same in different weeks of pregnancy. So, in the first week of pregnancy, the hCG level is in the range of 25-155 mU / ml. In the second week, it rises to 103-4870 mU / ml. HCG in the fourth and fifth weeks is at the level of 2500-82300 mU / ml. From the fifth to the sixth week, the concentration of the pregnancy hormone is 23,000-150,000 mU / ml. The peak concentration of hCG occurs in the seventh week of pregnancy. Subsequently, its level begins to gradually decrease and by the end of pregnancy does not exceed 2700 to 78100 mU / ml.

Changes in hCG levels

Changes in hCG levels may indicate more than just pregnancy. It also changes in other conditions of the male and female body. A decrease or increase in the concentration of hCG often occurs during pathological processes. The discrepancy between the level of hCG and the expected gestational age indicates that the woman has problems with bearing a child.

Chorionic gonadotropin may cease to be produced if fetal development is arrested. This is a signal that there is a risk of spontaneous abortion. In the event that the death of the fetus in the womb is confirmed by ultrasound data, the woman is treated with curettage of the uterine cavity.

A decrease in the level of hCG during pregnancy indicates the following pathology:

• location of the fetus outside the uterine cavity;
• beginning detachment of the chorion;
• dishormonal disorders;
• diabetes mellitus.

An abnormal increase in the level of hCG occurs in such cases:

• multiple pregnancy;
• preeclampsia or toxicosis of pregnant women;
• the fetus has Down syndrome;
• prolongation of pregnancy.

The concentration of hCG in the serum of a non-pregnant woman may be elevated with malignant neoplasms of the ovaries or uterus, cancer of other organs, in the first week after an abortion. In the male body, the level of hCG increases with malignant neoplasms of the testicles (seminoma or teratoma). When taking certain hormonal drugs, the concentration of hCG in the blood serum also increases.

HCG in ectopic pregnancy

An ectopic pregnancy is defined when a fertilized egg is implanted not in the wall of the uterus, but outside the organ. The most common is tubal pregnancy. Until some time, it proceeds in the same way as a normal pregnancy.

However, the fallopian tube is not suitable for carrying a fetus.

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