Content:

• Features of the development of a child at 1 year old
• Physiological changes
• Physical activity of a child at 6 months
• Psychoemotional development of a 1 year old child
• Features of the development of girls at 1 year old
• Features of the development of boys at 1 year old
• How to check a child's developmental level
• Development classes
• Possible developmental abnormalities

Babies are growing fast. It seemed that only recently a small squeaky bundle appeared in the house, which is difficult even to focus its eyes, and now it is already humming, looking around with interest and preparing to celebrate its first birthday. 11-12 months - the age when the child begins to carefully try to walk with support or on his own, his teeth continue to cut, and he himself actively learns about the world around him. This period, which has come so quickly, causes natural excitement in parents: what a child should be able to do in a year, whether it develops normally. It should be said right away that all children are individual, and you should not compare the baby with others, it is better to focus on medical criteria.

Features of the development of a child at 1 year old

Compared to previous months, the baby becomes much more active and inquisitive. Parents begin to notice this even after the first half of the year, but by the age of one, the child becomes even more intelligent and curious. Its weight is about three times greater than at birth, and averages 10–12 kg, and such children are about 72–77 cm tall. Much depends on genetics, on the pace at which the baby's parents grew at one time. The main thing is that the ratio of height and weight should be organic, for example, a tall child weighs more. If the baby does not fit into the criteria slightly, there is no reason for concern, even if the child at this age looks a little different for acquaintances. Every baby is unique.

Physiological changes

Starting from the age of one year, the growth rate will slow down a little. This is completely normal: only in the first 12 months of life the baby grows so rapidly, then the process will become a little less fast.

Weight loss. Strictly speaking, the weight itself does not decrease - only the rate of its growth. Infantile plumpness gradually begins to go away, but partially still remains. Over time, the baby will gain weight more slowly, and this indicates its normal development.

Teeth. A baby is already erupting several teeth per year - up to 8 on average. It is worth showing the child to the doctor if he has not had a single milk tooth in a year. When they are cut, the baby becomes restless, often sleeps poorly at night: he is uncomfortable, and this prevents him from falling asleep. Doctors give recommendations on how to reduce discomfort for a child during teething.

Feet. They are still flat in the baby, no bend has appeared on them. This will pass with time, when the child gets used to walking on his own, then the fat pads on the feet will disappear. If the baby has already begun to actively walk, the pads may disappear earlier, and a healthy bend will begin to appear on the legs. The doctor will examine the baby's legs during a routine checkup, and he will tell if everything is fine with them.

Child activity

What a child can do in a year cannot be compared with his skills just a few months ago. He has already learned to deal with his own body much better, he is very active, moves a lot and in various ways. In the handles, the baby calmly holds two objects, can collect a pyramid or even hold a spoon at the table while feeding. Of course, in many activities he still needs the help of his parents: such small children are able to concentrate on something for only a few minutes.

Active movements. The child crawls, stands up, including from a squatting position, kneels on his own. He can climb onto a chair or sofa or get down from there, and with the help of his parents, go up or down the stairs. Children are very inquisitive, so at this age they should not be left near open windows or dangerous objects. The kid can guess to get to the windowsill with the help of a chair. Fine motor skills become much better: the child can take some small object with two fingers, take a cup and drink from it.

Dancing. Little children love music. Many notice that, having heard an interesting melody, the baby begins to dance actively: he likes it. Some not only dance, but also try to sing along to children's songs. If the child does not do this, you can show him a simple dance, and he will begin to repeat without the prompting of mom or dad.

Rapid movement on all fours . Almost all babies at this age are already crawling, and quite quickly. Some skip the step of walking on all fours and immediately get on their feet, but this does not happen for everyone. Most often, a one-year-old child calmly crawls.

Walking with parental support. Some babies are already starting to take their first steps. Few people begin to walk on their own, but most babies can already walk uncertainly, holding the hand of mom or dad. Some people try to walk by holding on to walls or other supports. However, there are also children who are in no hurry to start moving on two legs, and this is completely normal. If your child has not yet gone, do not rush him. Dr. Komarovsky suggests that in such cases it may even be useful to delay walking: walking upright is a serious burden on the back, perhaps the baby is just not ready for it yet [1].

Psychoemotional development of a 1 year old child

The kid is very curious, carefully looks at the behavior of adults and tries to copy it. It is important to remember this when educating: even if the child does not listen to you, he will definitely adopt your behavior. The child is very interested in folding and disassembling things, so he can be interested in cubes, pyramids, and build structures out of them. Some people like to leaf through books, hide and look for objects. Babies at this age already show a wide range of emotions, their vocabulary contains up to 10-15 simple words, they recognize different animals and remember the names of their parents. A one-year-old child is able to understand a simple instruction: “come”, “give”. He's starting to get interested in games with a story. Long-term memory also improves: the baby remembers what happened a few days ago. He recognizes animals and objects, and may learn to use some of them, such as opening a closet.

Features of the development of girls at 1 year old

Psychologically, boys and girls at this age are still very similar. They are interested in balls and pyramids, games with a story, toys with which you can interact in different ways. Therefore, you should not limit the child, say, to dolls, if it is a girl. There are no significant differences in the weight and height of boys and girls at this age. But the psychomotor and mental development of girls can be slightly ahead of that of boys. This will smooth out later, but for now, the baby can start walking earlier or, say, say words.

Features of the development of boys at 1 year old

Children at this age are very similar, as are the games they prefer. Toddlers can imitate the actions of their parents: hence the possible interest in toys that repeat "adult" objects. This applies to children of both sexes, so try to give them variety. Kids like different games, no need to limit them to cars and balls.

How to check the developmental level of a child

There is no need to make too strict requirements, it is better to focus on the features of development characteristic of this age. To understand how a child develops and what a child can do at 1 year old, you can conduct a few simple tests:

• see how the baby moves, how he crawls, whether he can walk, climb or get off sofas and armchairs;
• assess gesticulation, to see if the child can make meaningful gestures such as shaking his head or waving his hand;
• listen to his speech, understand if there is at least one meaningful word in the baby’s speech;
• to see how the child plays, what interests him, how his arms and legs work, whether he can use simple household items;
• estimate the number of teeth;
• play with the baby, offer him cubes or a pyramid, see if he will collect a turret from them or simply discard them.

Development classes

You need to deal with kids: it has a beneficial effect on their development, helps in later life, including in adulthood [2]. So the child will begin to learn new skills and knowledge faster, later it will help him with his studies and will allow him to better and faster understand the surrounding reality. Remember that at this age you need to gradually give the baby more independence, for example, allowing him to choose which blouse he will wear or which book he will read to him at night. Try to take the child in your arms as little as possible so that he has an incentive to get to the right place on his own.

Music. Children love musical toys, children's songs and melodies. In addition, the more various pleasant sounds the baby hears, the more developed his hearing will be. Therefore, include children's songs, melodies and collections that are specially designed for young children. In addition, it will be easier for the baby to play to the music, he may want to dance, thereby developing motor activity, or sing along - this contributes to the development of speech. Of course, if he does not like some melody (at this age, children are already beginning to acquire their own preferences), it is better not to turn it on, but turn on the one that suits your taste.

Dialogues and reading. The more you talk with the child, the more words you use in dialogues, the more extensive will be his vocabulary. Long conversations with the baby contribute to the development of speech. Try to communicate with the child all the time that you spend with him: describe the objects he looks at, point out various things and phenomena that are interesting to the child and pronounce their name while walking. Try to communicate with the baby because of his children's speech capabilities. When talking, name the words clearly and distinctly, so that it is easier for the child to remember them and repeat them, use soft and affectionate intonations: the baby at this age perfectly recognizes and feels the mood of others. You can and should read little books. At this age, he himself does not yet know how to read, but he can look at pictures and listen to his mother's voice, learning new words and learning to perceive simple stories.

Development of fine motor skills. It is by the age of one that the child fully learns to work with the index finger [3], uses it to point at something or pick up objects. Handles obey him much better than before, but the baby still needs the development of fine and gross motor skills. This can be done using mobile games:

• salt dough or special sand modeling;
• sandbox games with scoops and shovels;
• unfolding sorters, sticking stickers;
• screwing and unscrewing caps;
• use of small toys, such as bathing.

You can teach your child simple activities such as washing and drying hands: this will also benefit him, in addition, it will help the baby take better care of himself. To master such skills, most likely, you will need to set your own example. Little by little, you can begin to teach him more complex actions, such as trying to fasten buttons.

Drawing. Children are very fond of drawing, so try to provide your child with paper, finger paints or crayons. Drawing perfectly develops the skills of recognizing surrounding objects, promotes spatial thinking and is generally useful. In addition, bright colors and the ability to create something are very pleasing to the baby.

Possible developmental abnormalities

Each child should be examined by a pediatrician every year. At a scheduled examination, a vaccination schedule is formed, the baby's condition is assessed, both physical and neuropsychic. The doctor will ask the parents questions, the answers to which will determine whether the child is developing normally. You should be wary only if the child shows serious deviations in behavior:

• cannot crawl, stands poorly, has difficulty moving;
• does not pronounce meaningful words, there is no gesticulation;
• does not understand even simple requests, interacts poorly with parents and other children;
• does not know how to use household items. At the same time, one-year-old children may well string the pyramid in the wrong order, this is normal.

If something has alerted you, tell your pediatrician about it during a routine examination. It will help you deal with problems if you have any.

A baby who has crossed the one-year milestone is very different from himself just a few months ago. Further, he will become more and more intelligent, active and independent, delighting his parents and learning about the world. Remember: every child is not like the other, and take into account the individual characteristics of the baby in the upbringing and development.

[1] Evgeny Komarovsky “The Beginning of Life. Your child from birth to a year

[2] John Medina, Rules for the Development of Your Child's Brain

[3] Elena Sosoreva “The first year of a baby's life. 52 most important weeks for a child's development

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Child development calendar: 1 year

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How to raise a child?

Child development calendar: 1 year

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• Expert advice
• 0-1 year

Until the age of 12 months, the child is in close emotional connection with his mother and perceives himself as part of her. And in a year he becomes more autonomous, his personality begins to take shape. During this period, the child experiences the first internal conflict: on the one hand, he is used to the fact that his mother is always with him and fulfills all his desires, but at the same time he wants independence. When something doesn’t work out for him, he can start to act up, cry and get angry. Parents need to support the baby in his development, correctly correcting his behavior.

What can a child at 1 year old do?

One year old baby is able to:

• pronounce easy words and imitate sounds by himself;
• walk without support;
• bite and chew solid food;
• assemble a pyramid, build several figures from cubes;
• make cakes, roll sausages from plastic material;
• comment on what you are doing;
• to use a cup and spoon.

A one-year-old child has clearly defined interests, likes and dislikes. He behaves differently with different people and shows independence in choice and action, and also actively expresses emotions, including negative ones.

Development of a child at 1 year: 7 principles

I am a parent offers young mothers and fathers seven simple tips to ensure that your baby develops quickly and easily overcomes the "threshold of one year".

1. Encourage familiarity with the world around you

At the age of one year, the peak of the cognitive activity of the baby falls, so parents should encourage the desire of the crumbs to get acquainted with the outside world. Very often, children at this age are not at all interested in toys, but show interest in household items that adults use. So if your child is enthusiastically twirling the lid of a pot in his hands or trying to open the door of a washing machine, it is worth giving him the opportunity to explore a new object and try it “in action”! Of course, this does not apply to sockets and other dangerous items for the health of the baby.

2. Respect independent choice

Let the baby try, without your help, choose toys that he wants to take with him for a walk, put on a shoe or hat, decide what kind of porridge he will eat for breakfast. Such simple actions will let the child understand that you respect his independence and reckon with his opinion. If the baby does not succeed in some action, and he begins to act up and cry, you should not do everything instead of him: help him with advice. If the child cannot assemble a pyramid from rings of different diameters in any way, lay out the rings in front of him in the right order, but let the child try to assemble the pyramid itself.

3. Develop physically together

Closer to 12 months, the child actively crawls, can crawl under obstacles, climbs boldly on an inclined surface, easily climbs onto a chair or sofa, can stand without the support of an adult and takes his first independent steps.

One year old, you can already start doing the first exercises: children try to imitate the movements of adults. Repeating the simplest exercises after mom and dad will bring the baby a lot of fun and exciting minutes, and young mothers can combine business with pleasure - “throw off” a couple of kilograms!

4. Learn to use cutlery

One year old baby is able to use cutlery at the table. Some children at the age of one year already know how to prick small pieces of food on a fork.

5. Learn new words and counting

By the age of one, a child can already say a few words. Most often, these are imitating, lightweight words, consisting of simple repeating sounds: ba-ba, ma-ma, etc.

Children of this age distinguish between the names of close people and the names of certain objects. They willingly fulfill the requests of adults to show them a ball, a cube, a chair or a teddy bear. The child always looks in the direction of the person who was called by name, or the subject that is being spoken about. Therefore, if you call out loud new objects that fall into the field of view of the baby, your baby will quickly learn new words and learn to associate them with certain objects.

It is impossible to teach a one-year-old child to count, but a baby at this age can quite remember the meaning of the word “two”. Lay out pairs in front of the baby - socks, gloves, identical balls and say "two". Very soon the child will understand what is at stake, and imitating you, he will connect things in pairs.

6. Don't distract him from his studies

A baby understands the meaning of the words “possible” and “impossible” at the age of one, and when he is not allowed to do something, he will show his displeasure in every way.

One should not force a one-year-old child to do what he does not want to do. Do not offer the baby to take pencils and draw if he enthusiastically rolls a ball on the floor or builds a pyramid of cubes. Remember that children at this age prefer to be independent, so attempts to force them into unwanted actions will only cause negative emotions and whims.

7. Be patient

Child psychologists note that at the age of one, children begin to enthusiastically observe the people around them and strive to imitate their behavior.

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