Sore throat bloody nose

Rheumatic Fever - familydoctor.org

What is rheumatic fever?

Rheumatic fever is a rare inflammatory disease. It mostly happens in areas that don’t have access to health care. It usually doesn’t happen in the United States. Children ages 5 to 15 are at greatest risk of getting rheumatic fever.

Symptoms of rheumatic fever

Rheumatic fever affects your heart, brain, joints, and skin. Common symptoms include fever, sore throat, stomach pain, and nosebleeds. You may have shortness of breath or chest pain. Other symptoms include:

Joint pain and swelling
Skin rash that could be red or hot
Small bumps under your skin
Sydenham chorea (a rare neurological condition marked by spasms and frantic emotions)

What causes rheumatic fever?

Rheumatic fever happens after you have a Group A streptococcus bacterial infection. These infections include strep throat and scarlet fever. If you’re not treated for these infections, the bacteria can eventually make your immune system attack your body’s healthy tissue. Rheumatic fever begins 14 to 28 days after the initial infection.

How is rheumatic fever diagnosed?

First, your doctor will ask about your symptoms. They will do a physical exam. This includes looking at your joints and skin, and listening to your heart. Next, they can perform several tests. A blood test or throat culture can detect a strep infection. An electrocardiogram (EKG) uses electrical signals to check your heart rate and rhythm. A sedimentation rate or a C-reactive protein (CRP) checks for inflammation.

Your doctor will group your symptoms and test results into two categories. In order to diagnose rheumatic fever, you must have strep throat and either 2 major symptoms or 1 major symptom and 2 minor ones.

Major symptoms	Minor symptoms
Arthritis, particularly in large joints, such as elbows, wrists, knees, and ankles	Fever
Skin bumps	Joint pain
Skin rash	Abnormal EKG
Spasms, or quick, jerky motions	High ESR or CRP
Inflammation of your heart

Can rheumatic fever be prevented or avoided?

Visit your doctor if you have signs of strep throat. This can prevent the infection from turning into rheumatic fever.

Rheumatic fever treatment

The main treatment for rheumatic fever is antibiotics. These will get rid of the bacteria. They also can help keep you from getting rheumatic fever again. Adults and teenagers may need to take antibiotics for up to 5 years. Children may need to take them up to age 21.

Your doctor may prescribe other medicines to treat your symptoms. Seizure medicine can help with the jerky motions or spasms. Aspirin or corticosteroids can help reduce swelling or inflammation.

Living with rheumatic fever

Although strep throat is contagious, rheumatic fever is not. When treated, you can recover from rheumatic fever. You may have short- or long-term damage to your heart. This can include rheumatic heart disease. Because of the long-term effects, you’ll need to have an ongoing treatment plan with your doctor.

Questions to ask your doctor

Does the risk of rheumatic fever go away if I’m treated when I have strep throat or scarlet fever?
What is my risk of getting rheumatic fever if I’ve had strep throat in the past?
Can I get rheumatic fever more than once?
Why do I have to take antibiotics for so many years?
What side effects do the antibiotics have?

Resources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Rheumatic Fever

This information provides a general overview and may not apply to everyone. Talk to your family doctor to find out if this information applies to you and to get more information on this subject.

Can Strep Throat Cause Nosebleeds? – Nampons

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May 24, 2022

Strep throat can cause an itchy and irritated throat, but if it's left untreated, it could lead to more serious symptoms and even life-threatening conditions.

But are nosebleeds anything to do with this? Can strep throat cause nosebleeds or can it cause other conditions that trigger nosebleeds?

Let's take a look.

What is Strep Throat?

Strep throat is an infection caused by a bacteria known as group A Streptococcus or simply "group A strep".

These bacteria live in the nose and throat and spread through coughs and sneezes. You can contract strep throat from someone if you inhale their respiratory droplets, touch something that they have touched, or drink from the same glass.

What are the Symptoms of Strep Throat?

Although a strep infection is typically mild and not life-threatening, it can be painful and uncomfortable, causing symptoms such as:

Pain when swallowing
Sore throat
Problems breathing
Nausea
Body aches
Swollen lymph nodes
Fever
Red and swollen tonsils

A cough is rarely present with strep throat. If a cough is present in addition to a sore throat, aches, nausea, fever, and other symptoms, it could indicate the presence of a viral infection.

Does Strep Throat Affect The Nose?

Coughs aren't the only cold symptom not associated with a strep infection. It also doesn't cause a runny nose and it's rare to trigger the sort of nasal irritation and dripping that you often get with the cold, flu, and COVID-19.

The symptoms are typically confined to the throat and mouth, but there are exceptions, including the symptoms that develop as a result of rheumatic fever.

Rheumatic fever occurs after a streptococcus bacterial infection, which includes strep throat, as well as scarlet fever.

With rheumatic fever, your immune system begins to attack healthy tissue. It can affect your joints, skin, brain, and heart, producing symptoms such as:

Joint pain
Joint swelling
Skin rashes
Small bumps underneath the skin
Fever
Sore throat

Rheumatic fever can also cause nosebleeds. In fact, it's one of the most common symptoms associated with this infection.

If you suspect that you have strep throat or scarlet fever, contact your doctor and they will ensure you get the care that you need, preventing rheumatic fever from developing.

If you have been through one of these infections without seeing your doctor or getting adequate treatment, and you start to notice rheumatic fever symptoms (these typically occur a couple of weeks later), seek medical advice as soon as possible.

Can Throat Infections Cause Nosebleeds?

Yes. ..and no.

Throat infections like tonsillitis and strep throat rarely cause nosebleeds directly, but they could have an indirect effect.

For instance, in the presence of tonsillitis, a patient may suffer from sinus irritation and dryness. This could cause the nasal membranes to become dry and cracked, at which point a nosebleed may occur.

Generally speaking, any time that your nose is exposed to irritation, dryness, and direct damage (from picking, blowing, trauma, and the introduction of foreign objects), there is an increased risk of nosebleeds.

In other words, if you have tonsillitis and are suffering from nosebleeds, there is a chance they are related, but it could also be that you have just been picking too aggressively or blowing with too much force.

What Infections Cause Nosebleeds?

Sinusitis, flu, and cold can all lead to nosebleeds.

Take the common cold as an example.

Your nose is constantly running, so you wipe it with tissues, creating the Rudolph effect as the tip of your nose adopts a bright-red hue. The flow of mucus also causes you to sneeze more, forcing a lot of pressure through your sinuses with an unfamiliar and uncomfortable frequency.

On top of that, you may be dehydrated and struggling with dry nasal passages. You may even be taking medications designed to expel mucus, leading to nasal dryness and triggering even more sneezing and wiping.

All of this places a lot of pressure on your nose and the delicate blood vessels within. Eventually, that pressure could lead to a rupture and a nosebleed.

If you suffer from frequent nosebleeds and are particularly susceptible, you'll be even more exposed and may struggle to make it through a cold or flu without at least one bleed.

Allergies also produce frequent nosebleeds, for much the same reason.

Chemical irritants (cigarette smoke, cocaine use, excessive use of nasal sprays, smelling salts) will also make you more prone to nosebleeds, as well direct trauma and a deviated septum.

Of course, this wouldn't be an online medical guide if we didn't mention cancer and other serious causes. Nosebleeds can result from paranasal and nasal tumors, leukemia, and nasal polyps. It could also indicate a blood clotting disease.

These conditions are very rare, though. If you have a sinus infection and you're suffering from an occasional nosebleed, the cause is probably not as serious or concerning.

Why Are Nosebleeds So Common?

Nosebleeds are very rarely serious, and yet they are often associated with serious health problems. If Hollywood is to be believed, nosebleeds are either a warning that you have a serious medical condition, a portent of doom, or a hint at your psychic powers.

In reality, as we have discussed many times in this blog, they indicate that your nasal passages are irritated. In most cases, that irritation is the result of nose picking, which means you probably don't have telekinetic powers but you might be in need of a manicure.

The reason nosebleeds are so common with sinus infections is because all the sniffing, snorting, blowing, and medications irritate the delicate nasal septum. When this happens, all of the fragile blood vessels in this area become exposed.

Of course, there are times when you should be more worried.

Most nosebleeds are anterior nosebleeds, which means they occur in the front of the nose. These are rarely serious and usually indicate direct damage. But there are also posterior nosebleeds. These occur in the back of the nose and indicate a more serious problem. They also bleed more heavily and so they can lead to serious medical emergencies, especially in the presence of blood clotting disorders and blood thinners.

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Nosebleeds - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

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Epistaxis is the outflow of blood from the nasal cavity. Blood can either flow out through the nostrils or drain inward along the back of the throat. Usually, such bleeding stops on its own, as the damaged vessels are of small diameter. Very rarely, this condition requires medical attention.

Causes

The causes of bleeding are divided into local and general. Local include:
- Head and/or nose injuries.
- Infectious diseases of the nasopharynx, larynx and trachea.
- Operations on the nasal cavity.
- Neoplasms in the nose.
- Inhalation of irritants (hot vapour, acid and alkali fumes, gas).
- Increased air dryness.
Common causes:
- Sudden increase/decrease in blood pressure.
- Hereditary or acquired bleeding disorder.
- Increased vascular fragility.
- Willebrand-Diana disease (hereditary blood disorder).
- Infectious diseases, especially influenza.
Symptoms

The most obvious symptom of anterior bleeding is bleeding from one or both nostrils, in streams or drops. Posterior nosebleeds do not manifest themselves in any way until the blood enters the gastrointestinal tract. Then patients experience nausea, vomiting (coffee grounds), hemoptysis, tarry stools.

Clinical manifestations depend on the volume of blood loss. If it is only a few milliliters, the person's condition will not change, but people with hemophobia may faint. If the bleeding is prolonged and continues, the person complains of dizziness, flies before the eyes, weakness, tinnitus, tachycardia. At the same time, his skin is pale, covered with sweat.

Diagnostics

A surgeon, an otorhinolaryngologist or a general practitioner listens to the patient's complaints, collects an anamnesis and necessarily specifies the presence of chronic diseases, such as arterial hypertension, pathology of the liver, blood vessels, hemophilia. In addition, it is important to know if the patient has had recent surgeries and is taking any medications. Be sure to find out how often nosebleeds recur.

After the interview, the doctor examines the nasal cavity, mouth and pharynx, measures blood pressure. Perform a complete blood count to evaluate the number of red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and color index. A coagulogram and a biochemical blood test are also prescribed to check liver function.

Treatment

A person can stop nosebleeds on their own. To do this, it is enough to tilt your head forward and strongly press the wings of the nose against the septum for 5 minutes. Contrary to a well-known myth, it is forbidden to throw your head back, as blood will run into your throat.

First aid:
- pressing the wings of the nose;
- cold compress on the nose;
- insertion into the nostril of a tampon soaked in adrenaline;
Mechanical ways to stop bleeding from the nose:
- anterior and posterior tamponade;
- cauterization of a bleeding vessel;
- hemostatic therapy;
- surgical methods: flashing of vessels, their embolization, ligation of arteries.

Preventive measures include:
- Air humidification.
- Wetting of the nasal mucosa.
- Avoidance of head injury.
- SARS prevention.
- Blood pressure monitoring.

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Pharyngitis - what is it? Causes, symptoms, treatment

What is pharyngitis?

This is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the pharynx and its lymphoid tissue. With pharyngitis, the throat is ticklish, sore and irritated. The pain is aggravated by swallowing. Usually pharyngitis develops with influenza and SARS. Viral pharyngitis usually goes away on its own. Some other less common forms of pharyngitis may require treatment.

IMPORTANT! Information from the article cannot be used for self-diagnosis and self-treatment! Only a doctor can prescribe the necessary examinations, establish a diagnosis and draw up a treatment plan for a consultation!

Symptoms:

sore and scratchy throat;
pain worse when swallowing;
difficult to swallow;
swollen cervical lymph nodes;
white spots or streaks on tonsils, posterior pharynx;
hoarse or hoarse voice.

Accompanying symptoms of SARS or flu can be: cough, sneezing, runny nose, stuffy nose, fever, pain in the head and body, nausea or vomiting.

When to go to the doctor?

Show your child to the doctor if the child's sore throat does not go away after breakfast.

Call an ambulance immediately if:

the child is having difficulty breathing;
he cannot swallow;
The infant is unusually drooling, which may indicate an inability to swallow saliva.

If an adult has pharyngitis, see a doctor if:

severe or prolonged (more than a week) sore throat;
sore throat often;
difficulty breathing, swallowing or opening the mouth;
earache;
joint pain;
rash;
fever above 38.3 for more than three days;
blood in saliva or sputum;
pain when turning the head;
nodes and tumors on the neck;
hoarseness, hoarseness lasts more than two weeks.

Causes

As a rule, it is a viral infection (ARVI), in some cases it is bacterial (streptococcus, pneumococcus). In addition, the cause of pharyngitis can be:

allergy to dust, mold, pet hair, plant pollen. Since allergies cause a runny nose, fluid can drain down the back of the nasopharynx and irritate the throat;
dryness of the air, especially in the morning;
tobacco smoke, chemical irritants;
overexertion of the vocal cords (long speeches, loud shouting at sports competitions, etc.)
gastroesophageal reflux - reflux of stomach contents back into the esophagus. May be accompanied by heartburn, lump in the throat, hoarseness.
HIV. Pharyngitis may be a sign of a recent HIV infection in the body. Also, people who have long been infected with HIV may experience secondary acute and chronic pharyngitis caused by cytomegalovirus, oral candidiasis, and common viruses that cause SARS. These complications in HIV-positive people can be dangerous.
malignant tumors of the throat, tongue, trachea can also be manifested by pharyngitis, coupled with hoarseness, breathing noise, blood in saliva and sputum, a "knot" on the neck.

Rare causes of pharyngitis can be a throat abscess and epiglottitis, a serious condition in which the epiglottis, which is like a petal between the trachea and larynx, becomes inflamed and blocks air from entering the airways. As a rule, epiglottitis in children is caused by a hemophilic infection, against which it is necessary to get vaccinated in time.

Risks and measures to prevent pharyngitis

Children and adolescents get sick more often with pharyngitis, adults also get sick, but less often. Also, the risks of pharyngitis increase with dry air, irritation of the throat with tobacco smoke or chemicals, with allergies, weakened immunity, chronic or frequent infections of the nasopharynx.

You can reduce the likelihood of illness in the same way as with other nasopharyngeal infections: wash your hands, do not drink from the same cup with others, cover your mouth when coughing and sneezing (do not “share” your viruses), wipe the screen and keypads of phones, and other devices, etc.

Diagnosis of pharyngitis

Usually, the ENT examines the patient's throat, as well as his nose and ears, carefully palpates the lymph nodes, listens to breathing with a stethoscope.

The streptococcal test is a simple and reliable way to diagnose bacterial pharyngitis. The doctor takes a scraping from the child's throat, and within 24-48 hours the result is ready. Streptococcal pharyngitis will have to be treated with antibiotics.