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Non pharmacological pain management for labor


Nonpharmacologic Labor Pain Management | Newton-Wellesley Hospital

Comfort measures that provide natural pain relief can be very effective during labor and childbirth. Birthing techniques such as hydrotherapy, hypnobirthing, patterned breathing, relaxation, and visualization can increase the production of endogenous endorphins that bind to receptors in the brain for pain relief. Other methods of comfort therapy such as effleurage (light rhythmic stroking of the abdomen), massage, emptying the bladder, and hydrotherapy can provide pain relief and reduce the need for narcotic analgesia or anesthesia by naturally creating competing impulses in the central nervous system that can prevent the painful stimuli of labor contractions from reaching the brain.

Learn more about natural birthing techniques:

  • Birthing Ball
  • Patterned Breathing
  • Beverages
  • Movement and Position Changes
  • Superficial Heat and Cold
  • Counter-Pressure
  • Touch and Massage
  • Aromatherapy
  • Hydroptherapy
  • Focus and Distraction
  • Audio-analgesia

Birthing ball
Few labor tools are as simple, beneficial, and versatile as the birthing ball. Birthing balls are professionally made for use in physical therapy and have been used for years to properly exercise and rehabilitate patients. The birthing ball has now found a new home in birthing centers and hospital obstetric departments across the country. The ball easily withstands the pressure applied by the weight of the laboring woman.

It is safe to use the birthing ball with both the external and internal electronic fetal heart monitor.

If your amniotic membranes are ruptured, and the baby is still quite high (meaning how high the baby is in the pelvis, or pelvic station), depend on your nurse or care provider (physician or midwife) to tell you if it is safe to use the ball. If the baby remains “high,” active labor and use of the birthing ball may help to bring the baby down into the pelvis. If you are allowed to sit in a chair or walk in the hallways, it is safe to use the birthing ball.

When using the birthing ball, it is important to have your birth partner “spot” you at all times. The safest way for your birth partner to spot you is to have him/her sit in a chair with legs apart, while you sit on the birthing ball positioned in between them. Other positions are discussed below.

Use of the birthing ball is becoming much more common. Because it is one of the newest pieces of “birthing equipment,” substantial formal research has not been completed which will confirm the advantages of using it as a labor aid. Still, it is undeniable that many laboring women find the birthing ball effective as a comfort measure during labor.

Here are just a few reasons for using the birthing ball during labor:

  • Sitting on the birthing ball keeps the baby properly aligned in the pelvis
  • The ball encourages pelvic mobility
  • Pregnant women find it easier to get up and down from the ball than a standard chair or sofa during labor
  • The ball encourages the baby to drop down further (descend) into the pelvis by allowing gravity to work with the laboring mother
  • The ball allows the laboring woman to shift her weight, rock her pelvis, and find comfortable positions to labor in more easily
  • The ball can be used when in the hands and knees position. This decreases the pressure and stress on the hands and wrists that traditionally affect the length of time the position can be used.

Patterned Breathing
These breathing techniques provide comfort and focus while enhancing labor progress. Patterned breathing enhances oxygen flow to your baby and is also vital to the contracting uterus.

Beverages
You should stay well hydrated while laboring. Laboring women may have clear liquids such as water, juice, broth, ice, and Popsicles.

Movement and Position Changes
You may experience less pain in some positions than in others during labor. Laboring women tend to find upright positions most comfortable such as sitting, standing, and walking. Many choose a lying down position as labor advances. Moving about during labor is usually more comfortable than staying still and can help labor progress by the simple effects of gravity and the changing shape of the pelvis. It may also relieve pain by shifting pressure and allowing the baby to move. You may try sitting, kneeling, standing, lying down, getting on your hands and knees, and walking.

Superficial Heat and Cold
Heat can be effective when applied by using a hot water bottle, hot moist towels, or warm blankets. Superficial cold can come from an ice bag, washcloths soaked in ice water, or a bag of frozen peas. Hot compresses applied to the lower abdomen, groin or perineum, a warm blanket over the entire body and ice packs to the lower back or perineum can help alleviate labor pain. Using heat or cold on separate parts of the body at the same time can provide particularly effective pain relief. For example, apply a cool cloth to the forehead with warmth on the lower back. For maximum effect, change the heat and cold locations frequently, about every twenty minutes.

Counter-pressure
Counter-pressure consists of steady, strong force applied to one spot on the lower back during contractions using the heel of the hand, or pressure on the side of each hip using both hands. Counter-pressure helps alleviate back pain during labor, especially in those women experiencing “back labor.”

Touch and Massage
Touch can convey pain-reducing messages. A hand placed on a painful spot, a pat of reassurance, stroking the cheek in an affectionate gesture, or a tight embrace can communicate a message of caring to the laboring woman.

Purposeful massage of the hand or other parts of the body also communicates caring. Massage takes the form of light or firm stroking, vibration, kneading, deep circular pressure, and continual steady pressure. Stroking or rubbing the neck, shoulders, back, thighs, feet or hands is an effective pain-reliever. No fancy techniques are required. Receptors in the brain receive the sensations of pleasure from the massage blocking reception of the painful stimuli of labor. Bare skin receives the signal best and unscented powders and lotions are helpful for massage.

Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils such as lavender, rose, camomile, and clary sage. These can be administered in a variety of ways including in oil during a massage, in hot water as a bath or footbath, a drop in the palm or on the forehead of the laboring woman or a drop on a warm face cloth. Aromatherapy reduces stress and tension during labor. Beware, however, that pregnant and laboring women are highly sensitive to smell. Be sure that you use a scent that you enjoy. Stop any comfort measure if and when it is no longer working for you.

Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy during labor (techniques using water) can be emotionally soothing and can also help with pain relief. Many of the private bathrooms in our labor suites include a Jacuzzi tub. The Jacuzzi can be used to recline in the bubbling water or by sitting on a shower stool to use the hand-held shower massage during active labor. Many women are comforted by the combination of warmth, water pressure, and the sound of the water. Advocates of hydrotherapy even suggest that immersion in water may accelerate labor, decrease blood pressure, and increase a laboring woman’s feeling of control over her birth.

Focus and Distraction
Many methods of coping with pain rely on the laboring woman’s ability to focus and use mind-diverting activities. Fear and anxiety cause the release of stress hormones. You can ease these feelings by envisioning a pleasant scene or, at times, visualizing what is actually happening such as the cervix opening or the baby moving down. Focusing one’s attention is a deliberate activity and is aided by verbal coaching, visualization, self-hypnosis, and concentration on a visual, auditory, or tactile stimulus.

Distraction is a more passive form of focusing attention by using stimuli from the environment that will draw attention away from your pain. Attention focusing and distraction are usually used with other strategies and may not be useful for severe pain.

These techniques are meant to help you reduce fear, anxiety, and pain, and can also be helpful with any discomfort you may experience after the birth of your baby.

Audio-analgesia
Audio-analgesia (music, talk) are used to control pain in numerous situations including dental work, post-operative pain, burn treatment, and childbirth. Many childbirth educators use music in their classes to create a peaceful and relaxing environment and they advocate for its use during labor as an aid to relaxation. Audio-analgesia for pain relief consists of soothing music between and during contractions.

Music creates a pleasant and relaxing environment and music transmitted through earphones can block out disturbing, distracting, or unpleasant sounds. Carefully chosen music can also reinforce rhythmic breathing patterns, massage strokes or facilitate focusing one’s attention. Music preferences vary widely. Feel free to choose your own music and bring your CDs with you. Each labor room at Newton-Wellesley Hospital is equipped with a Bose CD/Radio

Nonpharmacologic Labor Pain Management | Newton-Wellesley Hospital

Comfort measures that provide natural pain relief can be very effective during labor and childbirth. Birthing techniques such as hydrotherapy, hypnobirthing, patterned breathing, relaxation, and visualization can increase the production of endogenous endorphins that bind to receptors in the brain for pain relief. Other methods of comfort therapy such as effleurage (light rhythmic stroking of the abdomen), massage, emptying the bladder, and hydrotherapy can provide pain relief and reduce the need for narcotic analgesia or anesthesia by naturally creating competing impulses in the central nervous system that can prevent the painful stimuli of labor contractions from reaching the brain.

Learn more about natural birthing techniques:

  • Birthing Ball
  • Patterned Breathing
  • Beverages
  • Movement and Position Changes
  • Superficial Heat and Cold
  • Counter-Pressure
  • Touch and Massage
  • Aromatherapy
  • Hydroptherapy
  • Focus and Distraction
  • Audio-analgesia

Birthing ball
Few labor tools are as simple, beneficial, and versatile as the birthing ball. Birthing balls are professionally made for use in physical therapy and have been used for years to properly exercise and rehabilitate patients. The birthing ball has now found a new home in birthing centers and hospital obstetric departments across the country. The ball easily withstands the pressure applied by the weight of the laboring woman.

It is safe to use the birthing ball with both the external and internal electronic fetal heart monitor.

If your amniotic membranes are ruptured, and the baby is still quite high (meaning how high the baby is in the pelvis, or pelvic station), depend on your nurse or care provider (physician or midwife) to tell you if it is safe to use the ball. If the baby remains “high,” active labor and use of the birthing ball may help to bring the baby down into the pelvis. If you are allowed to sit in a chair or walk in the hallways, it is safe to use the birthing ball.

When using the birthing ball, it is important to have your birth partner “spot” you at all times. The safest way for your birth partner to spot you is to have him/her sit in a chair with legs apart, while you sit on the birthing ball positioned in between them. Other positions are discussed below.

Use of the birthing ball is becoming much more common. Because it is one of the newest pieces of “birthing equipment,” substantial formal research has not been completed which will confirm the advantages of using it as a labor aid. Still, it is undeniable that many laboring women find the birthing ball effective as a comfort measure during labor.

Here are just a few reasons for using the birthing ball during labor:

  • Sitting on the birthing ball keeps the baby properly aligned in the pelvis
  • The ball encourages pelvic mobility
  • Pregnant women find it easier to get up and down from the ball than a standard chair or sofa during labor
  • The ball encourages the baby to drop down further (descend) into the pelvis by allowing gravity to work with the laboring mother
  • The ball allows the laboring woman to shift her weight, rock her pelvis, and find comfortable positions to labor in more easily
  • The ball can be used when in the hands and knees position. This decreases the pressure and stress on the hands and wrists that traditionally affect the length of time the position can be used.

Patterned Breathing
These breathing techniques provide comfort and focus while enhancing labor progress. Patterned breathing enhances oxygen flow to your baby and is also vital to the contracting uterus.

Beverages
You should stay well hydrated while laboring. Laboring women may have clear liquids such as water, juice, broth, ice, and Popsicles.

Movement and Position Changes
You may experience less pain in some positions than in others during labor. Laboring women tend to find upright positions most comfortable such as sitting, standing, and walking. Many choose a lying down position as labor advances. Moving about during labor is usually more comfortable than staying still and can help labor progress by the simple effects of gravity and the changing shape of the pelvis. It may also relieve pain by shifting pressure and allowing the baby to move. You may try sitting, kneeling, standing, lying down, getting on your hands and knees, and walking.

Superficial Heat and Cold
Heat can be effective when applied by using a hot water bottle, hot moist towels, or warm blankets. Superficial cold can come from an ice bag, washcloths soaked in ice water, or a bag of frozen peas. Hot compresses applied to the lower abdomen, groin or perineum, a warm blanket over the entire body and ice packs to the lower back or perineum can help alleviate labor pain. Using heat or cold on separate parts of the body at the same time can provide particularly effective pain relief. For example, apply a cool cloth to the forehead with warmth on the lower back. For maximum effect, change the heat and cold locations frequently, about every twenty minutes.

Counter-pressure
Counter-pressure consists of steady, strong force applied to one spot on the lower back during contractions using the heel of the hand, or pressure on the side of each hip using both hands. Counter-pressure helps alleviate back pain during labor, especially in those women experiencing “back labor.”

Touch and Massage
Touch can convey pain-reducing messages. A hand placed on a painful spot, a pat of reassurance, stroking the cheek in an affectionate gesture, or a tight embrace can communicate a message of caring to the laboring woman.

Purposeful massage of the hand or other parts of the body also communicates caring. Massage takes the form of light or firm stroking, vibration, kneading, deep circular pressure, and continual steady pressure. Stroking or rubbing the neck, shoulders, back, thighs, feet or hands is an effective pain-reliever. No fancy techniques are required. Receptors in the brain receive the sensations of pleasure from the massage blocking reception of the painful stimuli of labor. Bare skin receives the signal best and unscented powders and lotions are helpful for massage.

Aromatherapy
Aromatherapy is the use of essential oils such as lavender, rose, camomile, and clary sage. These can be administered in a variety of ways including in oil during a massage, in hot water as a bath or footbath, a drop in the palm or on the forehead of the laboring woman or a drop on a warm face cloth. Aromatherapy reduces stress and tension during labor. Beware, however, that pregnant and laboring women are highly sensitive to smell. Be sure that you use a scent that you enjoy. Stop any comfort measure if and when it is no longer working for you.

Hydrotherapy
Hydrotherapy during labor (techniques using water) can be emotionally soothing and can also help with pain relief. Many of the private bathrooms in our labor suites include a Jacuzzi tub. The Jacuzzi can be used to recline in the bubbling water or by sitting on a shower stool to use the hand-held shower massage during active labor. Many women are comforted by the combination of warmth, water pressure, and the sound of the water. Advocates of hydrotherapy even suggest that immersion in water may accelerate labor, decrease blood pressure, and increase a laboring woman’s feeling of control over her birth.

Focus and Distraction
Many methods of coping with pain rely on the laboring woman’s ability to focus and use mind-diverting activities. Fear and anxiety cause the release of stress hormones. You can ease these feelings by envisioning a pleasant scene or, at times, visualizing what is actually happening such as the cervix opening or the baby moving down. Focusing one’s attention is a deliberate activity and is aided by verbal coaching, visualization, self-hypnosis, and concentration on a visual, auditory, or tactile stimulus.

Distraction is a more passive form of focusing attention by using stimuli from the environment that will draw attention away from your pain. Attention focusing and distraction are usually used with other strategies and may not be useful for severe pain.

These techniques are meant to help you reduce fear, anxiety, and pain, and can also be helpful with any discomfort you may experience after the birth of your baby.

Audio-analgesia
Audio-analgesia (music, talk) are used to control pain in numerous situations including dental work, post-operative pain, burn treatment, and childbirth. Many childbirth educators use music in their classes to create a peaceful and relaxing environment and they advocate for its use during labor as an aid to relaxation. Audio-analgesia for pain relief consists of soothing music between and during contractions.

Music creates a pleasant and relaxing environment and music transmitted through earphones can block out disturbing, distracting, or unpleasant sounds. Carefully chosen music can also reinforce rhythmic breathing patterns, massage strokes or facilitate focusing one’s attention. Music preferences vary widely. Feel free to choose your own music and bring your CDs with you. Each labor room at Newton-Wellesley Hospital is equipped with a Bose CD/Radio

How labor is anesthetized in modern obstetrics

Many women who are in an “interesting position” are worried about the fear of the upcoming labor pain. But it turns out that modern obstetrics has learned to regulate pain perception in childbirth. There are both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of pain relief. We will talk about this in order to apply the knowledge gained in practice.

Non-drug pain relief

These are methods that do not require the use of any medication. We list the 5 main and most effective options for non-drug pain relief.

Psychological training

The unknown breeds fear. A woman, especially a primipara, does not know how the birth process will proceed, what will be ahead and how long it will take before the baby is born. However, the Pregnancy School will help dispel all fears. In the classroom, doctors will talk about the main points that will have to be faced in childbirth, teach how to respond to them correctly, and what to do to help the child be born.

The knowledge gained will contribute to the harmonization of the nervous system and reduce the level of anxiety. Psychological preparation creates a favorable background that eliminates the fear of pain in childbirth.

Muscle training

It is important to start exercising as early as possible. This method will bring the best result to those women who, almost from the first days of conception, began to “pump”.

You need to train not only the muscles of the pelvic floor, but also all the muscles of the body, because in childbirth there is not a single muscle that would not work. If the pregnancy proceeds without complications, then the woman has no restrictions on sufficient physical activity. You can do any sport, the main thing is that you feel comfortable and you do not experience pain. Suitable for walking, swimming, yoga, fitness and any other option. There is no universal sport designed specifically for pregnant women. So choose according to your preference.

Relax

In childbirth, all organs and systems of the mother's body experience stress. Therefore, to reduce pain, learn to relax. It really can be done with practice. Any relaxation technique will do. Rehearse in advance during pregnancy in order to help yourself and the baby at the most crucial moment, because the baby experiences a lot of stress during childbirth. It's not easy for him, just like you.

Breathing

Proper breathing saturates the body with oxygen and thereby distracts from pain. There are a huge number of techniques that explain how to breathe properly in childbirth. It is quite easy to get confused in such a variety. But there is one universal rule. It is necessary to take a deep breath through the nose and slowly exhale through the mouth, while the lips should be folded into a tube.

Massage

Massage of the lumbar and sacral region helps to reduce the severity of labor pain. You can massage these areas yourself or ask a partner who is near you. In addition to such help, partnership childbirth is also good because you get serious moral support.

Medical pain relief

One of the common methods of pain relief medication is epidural analgesia (“back injection”). The anesthetist inserts the catheter into the space between the dura mater and the periosteum of the spine. Pain medications are delivered through this conductor. It is important to understand that the catheter is not inserted into the spinal cord, it is located in the space where the nerve trunks responsible for pain sensitivity are located. Local anesthetics, which are used in epidural analgesia, block the conduction of electrical impulses through these trunks and thereby prevent labor pain.

Modern medicine has learned how to control the pain of childbirth in different ways. Consult with your gynecologist and choose the option that will be most optimal for you during this crucial period. And remember that non-drug methods are available anytime and anywhere, so you should use them.

Methods of natural pain relief in childbirth | State Budgetary Institution RO “OCSOS and R”

Every woman who is waiting for the birth of her baby, along with bright, joyful experiences, experiences fear. Fear of the unknown, fear of pain during childbirth. How strong will this pain be, how long will it last, is it possible to endure it. And she is also possessed by approximately such thoughts: how I will look and how I will behave, whether I will fall into hysterics, whether I will swear at the medical staff.

In response to these fears and worries, very effective methods of pain relief have emerged in obstetric practice in recent years. The most popular of these is epidural anesthesia , which completely relieves pain during the first stage of labor (the period when the cervix opens, often long and painful). And at the same time, there are many doctors and women in labor who believe that the process of childbirth should proceed as naturally as possible, and pain, since it is conceived by nature, has the right to exist.

To sort out these conflicting views, let's look at the scientific research on what pain is and what influences pain tolerance.

Today, there are a number of studies in medical science on pain and how people experience pain in different circumstances, what affects pain tolerance and how this can be used in medical practice.

To investigate this issue, scientists turned to the experience of people who not only do not avoid pain in their lives, but, on the contrary, deliberately seek it. These were people involved in oriental martial arts, representatives of some religious movements, people striving for an ascetic lifestyle.

By investigating extraordinary cases of pain immunity in these people, scientists have deduced some patterns of pain management.

Thus, the intensity of pain depends on the following factors:

The purpose for which pain is experienced.

Pain is much easier to experience if the goal is self-improvement or the religious idea of ​​saving the soul. Scientists believe that labor pain also has a great positive force, since its purpose is the birth of a child, unlike, for example, the pain experienced by a seriously ill person. Thus, it is very important what the thoughts of a person experiencing severe pain are directed to - whether he expects, as a result of personal spiritual growth, the birth of a new life, or, on the contrary, his own death. Based on this, it can be assumed that experiencing labor pain is much more difficult for those women who experience fear of their own death or loss of a child during childbirth.

The intensity of pain is influenced by the environment.

For example, if it is pain that a person forces himself to for the sake of religious beliefs, it is much easier for him to experience this pain in the presence of other believers who empathize with him and believe that this pain is necessary for the implementation of a high goal. So and during the birth of a child, surrounded by close people, it is much easier for a woman in labor to experience pain, because close people empathize with her and share her condition.

In Africa and Brazil, the ‘sledgehammer phenomenon’ is widely known: when the time comes for a woman to give birth, a man goes to bed, screams and complains. Ethnologists have found that this relieves a significant part of the mental and even physical stress of the woman in labor, and childbirth is easier.

The degree of pain depends on the state of human consciousness.

Pain is much easier to bear when a person is not completely immersed in it, but is in a state of trance, meditation or prayer. It is known that women who are able to pray during childbirth experience them more easily.

Another factor influencing the experience of pain is the psychological readiness for its onset.

In other words, unexpected pain is always experienced as more intense. Some people - for example, martial artists - are able to change their physiological state before exposure to pain factors - their blood pressure rises in advance and their pulse quickens, and at the moment of a strong blow to the pain point, the pressure increased by this moment begins to decrease, and not jump sharply , as happens in case of an unexpected blow.

Women who prepare themselves for pain in advance and study various methods of pain relief on special crucibles are also in an advantageous position during labor pain. And even if they do not have to put their knowledge into practice, the very confidence that they are ready and know how to behave during childbirth greatly relieves the pain. And vice versa, the most painful, painful memories of childbirth remain with women who turned out to be completely unprepared for them.

There are countries, and these are by no means third world countries, where women give birth in conditions close to natural, for example, Holland, where childbirth is fundamentally not anesthetized, and epidural anesthesia is used only in case of caesarean section. And this does not mean at all that a woman is forced to suffer - no, they simply create certain conditions for her: the atmosphere of the birth is close to home, the presence of close people of the woman in labor is encouraged, the midwife who observed the woman during childbirth can be present and take part in them. pregnancy, which means that a woman trusts. In addition, the woman in labor is encouraged to use natural methods of anesthesia (breathing and voice techniques, relaxation method), water is widely used for the same purposes (showers, baths, pools).

As for Russia (including Novosibirsk), today a different approach to anesthesia is very common: for a certain amount, a woman in labor can receive epidural anesthesia in any maternity hospital.

If a woman wants to give birth naturally, she needs to take care in advance, during pregnancy, sign up for courses where she (and her husband) will be taught natural methods of pain relief. Unfortunately, now it is not necessary to expect that a midwife or a doctor in the maternity hospital will give a woman an anesthetic massage or breathe with her during labor, so the presence of a husband or other close person (mother, sister or close friend) at the birth is becoming more and more relevant. The fact is that even the most prepared woman in a stressful situation can forget everything that she studied during pregnancy, and in this case, a loved one who was preparing for childbirth with her will help her remember what she needed.

What methods of natural (non-drug) pain relief are offered to a woman in labor today?

Relaxation.

This method was proposed back in the thirties of the last century by the famous English obstetrician Grantley Dick-Read. G. Dick-Read's wife, Jessica, helped bring the idea of ​​painless, natural childbirth to life by organizing prenatal classes where expectant mothers could prepare for childbirth in small groups. One of the main skills taught in these courses was the relaxation technique, because, according to Dick-Read, relaxation is the key to calmness in childbirth.

Relaxation is a state of the body when the muscle tone of the whole body is reduced to a minimum. The ability of a woman to relax during contractions renders her an invaluable service, because the pain always increases with tension and decreases significantly with a decrease in muscle tone.

There are many different ways to relax, which you can learn about in courses or in specialist literature. A description of the method used by Dick-Read himself is in his book Childbirth Without Fear.

Respiratory methods of anesthesia.

In principle, all breathing practices used in childbirth lead to the same decrease in muscle tone, to relaxation.

The first method of pain relief offers to train the ability to breathe slowly. So, if a person normally takes 16 breaths and exhalations per minute, women are invited to learn how to do only 8 breaths and exhalations, and the breaths should be small and the exhalations should be long. During childbirth, a woman will breathe like this only during the contraction, after it ends - normal breathing.

The second method of anesthesia suggests the following: imagine that you have a feather in front of your lips, and you need to make a series of short exhalations with such force that the feather does not fly away. After exhaling, you take a small breath and repeat the series again (it can be 4, 6 or 8 exhalations). This breathing also helps to stay relaxed during the fight and not focus on the pain.

The third method of pain relief is suitable for well-trained women - it suggests not breathing at all during the contraction, and after it is over, go to normal breathing.

Voice practices.

These practices are usually taught in pregnancy courses. If we try to describe this method in words, then we can say that a woman is invited to sing her pain, sending a sound to the place of its greatest concentration. The sound should be long, on the exhale, while singing, you do not need to inhale often. I would like to note that singing pain has nothing to do with cries for help.

Pain relief massage.

Acupressure or general massage of the sacrum, buttocks and thighs often relieves pain.

Anesthesia with warm water.

It is very good if during the contractions a woman will have the opportunity to spend some time in a warm bath, or at least stand or sit under the shower, directing a jet of warm water to the sacrum during the contraction. The necessary conditions for this have already been created in many Russian maternity hospitals.

Trance techniques.

A number of experts believe that a woman does not need to relax or breathe in a special way, but during a contraction she needs to concentrate on certain images that contribute to the connection between her and her child in a single birth process.

Learn more