Miscarriage third trimester

Late Miscarriage: Causes, Symptoms, and Recovery

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Medically reviewed by Kimberly Dishman, MSN, WHNP-BC, RNC-OB — By Diana Wells on August 23, 2016

Overview

Any miscarriage is difficult. But a late miscarriage after week 13 of pregnancy can be even more devastating, both emotionally and physically.

Here’s a look at the causes, symptoms, and how to care for yourself or a loved one who experiences a late miscarriage.

What is a late miscarriage?

Miscarriage is the term used for losing a baby, usually prior to week 20 of your pregnancy. Many early miscarriages are caused by the fetus not developing properly. But there can be other causes, too.

Miscarriages in the first trimester, or before week 13 of your pregnancy, are fairly common. At this stage of pregnancy, many women do not feel symptoms of miscarriage. Also, if it’s very early in the pregnancy, women may not realize that they were pregnant.

A late miscarriage is when you lose a baby after week 13, but before week 20, or during the second trimester.

Causes of a late miscarriage

There are a number of factors that can cause a late miscarriage. Most are related to some abnormality of the fetus’s development. They are usually genetic or structural issues, such as a chromosomal abnormality or heart defect. Trauma can also cause a miscarriage.

The cause can be physical as well. One example is a weak cervix that can’t hold the baby inside when it gets bigger. Some medical conditions of the mother can also be a cause for miscarriages, including chronic conditions that aren’t being managed well.

Some of the physical causes of miscarriage include:

hypertension
thyroid conditions
lupus or other immune disorders
diabetes
preeclampsia
other genetic conditions
some infections

What are the symptoms of a late miscarriage?

While some women may not feel any symptoms of miscarriage, there are some common ones to watch for.

These include:

not feeling movement of the fetus
vaginal bleeding or spotting
cramping or pain in your back and/or abdomen
unexplained fluid or tissue that passes through the vagina

Keep in mind, not all vaginal spotting is a symptom of a miscarriage. Sometimes you’ll experience some spotting in the first trimester of a healthy pregnancy. See your doctor if you’re concerned.

Risk factors for a miscarriage

Some miscarriages don’t have a specific cause, or one that can be anticipated. But some women are at a higher risk of miscarriage than others.

The following are risk factors for a miscarriage:

experiencing two prior miscarriages in a row
chronic medical conditions
pregnancy over 35 years old
being overweight or underweight
having an abnormally shaped uterus
a weak cervix
having invasive prenatal tests (amniocentesis and chorionic villus sampling are examples)
exposures to substances like alcohol, tobacco, cocaine, NSAIDs, and high levels of caffeine
low folate level
untreated celiac disease

While these conditions suggest a higher risk of miscarriage, it doesn’t mean that you can’t have a healthy pregnancy. Cutting out harmful substances like alcohol and drugs and properly managing other conditions can give you a good chance at a healthy pregnancy.

Recovery after a late miscarriage

Physical needs and care after a late miscarriage

Physically, your body may recover fairly quickly after a miscarriage. But it depends on how far along you were in your pregnancy and what type of miscarriage you experienced. For those who go through labor and delivery of the miscarriage, it can take several weeks to recover.

You’ll experience some bleeding and cramps similar to getting your period. Most of all, you’ll feel very tired as your body recovers.

Contact your doctor if your pain, bleeding, or exhaustion becomes worse or continues longer than several weeks. Another potentially upsetting part of your recovery may be that your body begins producing milk. If this causes pain or discomfort, be sure to talk to your doctor about taking some type of pain reliever or other ways to help.

You should also talk to your doctor about when you’ll physically be ready to return to work. Every situation is different, and your doctor can help determine when it’s safe and reasonable for you to return.

Emotional needs and care after a late miscarriage

The emotional needs after a late miscarriage shouldn’t be ignored. Losing a baby at any stage of pregnancy is difficult, but even more so in the second trimester.

Every woman will react differently and have different emotions. For some, talking about it helps. For others, moving on and not talking about it may help. It’s important to find what feels right for you and get the support you need. Your doctor can usually direct you to support groups or counselors that specialize in helping you work through all of your emotions after your miscarriage.

You’ll likely feel a wide range of emotions after your miscarriage.

These might include:

anger
guilt
jealousy of others who or pregnant or have babies
sadness

It is also important to remember that people will not always know what to say. This can sometimes mean they say the wrong things. Being prepared for these times might help soften the emotional impact.

Consider seeking out others who have experienced miscarriages, particularly late miscarriages, who you can talk to or cry with. Knowing that someone else understands can help you tremendously as you recover.

Getting pregnant again after a late miscarriage

Thinking about getting pregnant again can be scary or stressful. You may also not know how long you should wait before trying again. The first step is to be sure that you’re emotionally ready for another pregnancy and that your partner is, too. Be sure that you’ve completed the grieving process for your miscarriage.

Physically, you’re usually able to have sex two to six weeks following a miscarriage. But it’s important to talk to your doctor about when your body may be physically ready to become pregnant again.

What are the chances of having a second late miscarriage?

It should be noted that the majority of women will only have one miscarriage. It’s less common to have two or more. So your chances are very good of your next pregnancy being normal, healthy, and full-term. But that depends on any physical issues or medical conditions you have.

If you’ve had more than one miscarriage, your doctor may want to complete some tests prior to approving you to start trying to get pregnant again. Even if you do have a medical or physical condition that makes pregnancy riskier, there are usually steps that the doctor can advise you to take to increase your chances of a healthy pregnancy.

Next steps

If you experience a late miscarriage, it’s important that you seek out support to help you through both the physical and emotional healing processes. Your doctor can be a great resource for helping you find the support you need and helping you prepare for your next pregnancy.

Q:

What can a woman who had a late miscarriage do in subsequent pregnancies to stay healthy?

Anonymous patient

A:

Stay healthy by meeting with and discussing your
pregnancy desires with all of your healthcare providers. If you have a chronic
medical problem, like diabetes or thyroid disease, follow directions to manage
the condition carefully for optimal health before and during pregnancy.
Extremes of weight are other aspects of health that can be modified. Obese and
underweight women have an increased risk of spontaneous abortion or
miscarriage. Sometimes, a physical problem with the maternal body may need to
be corrected, like a septum, or wall, in the uterus. Also, be aware of the
damage that can happen to a pregnancy by viruses, medications, and other
environmental exposures. Talk to your doctor about how to have a safe
pregnancy.

Kimberly Dishman, MSN, WHNP-BC, RNC-OB

Answers represent the opinions of our medical experts. All content is strictly informational and should not be considered medical advice.

Last medically reviewed on August 23, 2016

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Pregnancy
Pregnancy Complications

How we reviewed this article:

Healthline has strict sourcing guidelines and relies on peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical associations. We avoid using tertiary references. You can learn more about how we ensure our content is accurate and current by reading our editorial policy.

Late miscarriage: second trimester loss. (2011)
miscarriageassociation.org.uk/wp/wp-content/leaflets/Late-Miscarriage.pdf
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016, July). Miscarriage
mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/home/ovc-20213664
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2016, March). Pregnancy after miscarriage: What you need to know
mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/getting-pregnant/in-depth/pregnancy-after-miscarriage/art-20044134
Murry, M. M. (2008, March). Miscarriage brings silent anguish
mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/pregnancy-week-by-week/expert-blog/pregnancy-loss-miscarriage/bgp-20055824
Understanding second trimester loss. (2015)
ucdmc.ucdavis.edu/obgyn/services/FP/trimester_loss.html

Our experts continually monitor the health and wellness space, and we update our articles when new information becomes available.

Current Version

Aug 23, 2016

Written By

Diana Wells

Edited By

Nizam Khan (TechSpace)

Medically Reviewed By

Kimberly Dishman, MSN, WHNP-BC, RNC-OB

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Medically reviewed by Kimberly Dishman, MSN, WHNP-BC, RNC-OB — By Diana Wells on August 23, 2016

Miscarriage and stillbirth: Everything you need to know but were too nervous to ask

Miscarriage -- the loss of a pregnancy -- is a common occurrence that affects countless women but remains a taboo topic for many.

Statistics differ, but according to the Mayo Clinic, for women who know they're pregnant, about 10 to 20% will experience a first trimester loss. That number is likely considerably higher, as many women miscarry before they realize that they're expecting. Additionally, one recent study indicated that 43% of women who had at least one successful birth reported having had one or more first trimester losses.

Stillbirth, the demise of a pregnancy after 20 weeks, affects about one in 160 pregnancies each year in the United States, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. About 24,000 babies in the U.S. are stillborn annually.

These numbers mean that if you haven't had a miscarriage yourself, you likely know someone who has. It's time to talk about it.

ABC News Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Jennifer Ashton, a board-certified obstetrician and gynecologist, demystified infant and pregnancy loss for "Good Morning America."

(MORE: 'An empty womb and a dream lost': How I'm preparing for motherhood after 2 miscarriages)

What is a miscarriage?

A miscarriage refers to a failure or end of pregnancy in any trimester. Typically, we consider a miscarriage occurring in the first and second trimester, and a third trimester miscarriage as a stillbirth. That is the lay terminology.

How common is it?

There are a lot factors that go into determining a woman's risk for having a miscarriage, but in general, singular miscarriage is incredibly common. Most women can or will suffer a miscarriage a lot of times even before they even know that they're pregnant.

Is age a factor?

Age can always be a factor. In general, we have to remember that age is one very important factor when you talk about fertility.

What are the symptoms?

Sometimes a miscarriage will produce no symptoms. Sometimes they're called "incomplete abortions," a type of miscarriage where the cervix dilates, bleeding starts, but the cervix doesn't close again, causing significant blood loss. This is a surgical emergency that needs to be treated with a D&C. Sometimes we refer to a "threatened miscarriage," as a "threatened abortion," which means there might be bleeding, but there's still a heartbeat. We don't totally understand what causes it, but we do know that sometimes women will have no symptoms at all. Other times there can be heavy bleeding, or cramping.

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What is a "missed miscarriage"?

Usually when we use the term "missed abortion" or "missed miscarriage," that means the pregnancy is still within the uterus and it's just picked up that there's no heartbeat.

What happens once the miscarriage is diagnosed?

I think the first thing for women, if they're told they've had a miscarriage, is to take a minute and really kind of process that as much as possible from an emotional or psychological standpoint. There's rarely a time pressure to act or do anything unless the woman is bleeding excessively or hemorrhaging with a miscarriage which can occasionally happen. It's not common but it can happen. Otherwise, there is time to think, breathe, process the information initially as best as possible and then make your decision about how you want to proceed.

If we're talking about a first trimester miscarriage, basically the options given to women are to do nothing and wait for it to pass on its own, or undergo surgical evacuation which is called a suction D&C, or dilation and curettage. Usually we don't give medication in the first trimester to evacuate the pregnancy.

Why have a D&C?

A surgical procedure is much more controlled. It's scheduled. The woman is under light sedation, so she doesn't feel any pain. It takes literally minutes. There's very minimal cramping and bleeding afterwards, so she can go about her day, go home to other children, go to work the next day. But it's an individual choice and every woman has to decide with her physician which is right for her.

How much does a D&C cost?

The cost of a D&C is going to vary. It could be over $1000 in some cases, it could be free in other cases.

Is the woman sedated for a D&C?

During a surgical suction D&C for a miscarriage, the woman is definitely under some type of sedation. The uterus is in the pregnant state, and we are using sharp instruments to suction out the pregnancy, so there is a risk of perforating the uterus. The woman really needs to be sedated. It's not only more humane for the patient, but it's definitely safer for the surgical procedure.

Does a woman always need to seek medical attention if she's having a miscarriage?

In general if a woman is diagnosed with a miscarriage, she needs medical follow-up and likely medical management of that miscarriage. Rarely miscarriages that don't pass on their own can become infected and the woman can develop an infection in her uterus. But whether that miscarriage is managed expectantly and the woman is given a chance to pass the pregnancy on her own at home or if it's managed medically will differ case by case, patient by patient.

When can a woman try to conceive again after a loss?

There are rarely any medical reasons for a woman to wait. Sometimes there may be, but the vast majority of women are told when they're emotionally and physically ready. That will differ woman to woman but there usually is no reason why a woman can't try to conceive after getting maybe one period after a miscarriage. Sometimes it happens on its own literally the following month.

Is it true that a woman is more fertile for three or so months following a miscarriage?

The data on this is not clear-cut. In general, there is approximately a 20% fecundity rate per month in young healthy women, meaning there is a 20% chance of conception in any given month.

How soon after a miscarriage would you expect a woman to get pregnant again?

It totally varies. It can happen the next month, or it may take several months or longer.

What happens if a woman has multiple miscarriages in a row?

We call multiple miscarriages in a row recurrent pregnancy loss. It used to be that a woman needed to have three miscarriages in a row before a formal or aggressive workup was done, but now we've kind of dialed that back to even two losses. There's a very well-constructed, well-defined algorithm that we follow to investigate what caused those losses. It involves looking at the anatomy, looking at the genetics of both the man and the woman, doing a variety of blood tests, hormonal tests, sometimes screening for various types of infections, and in some cases, the pathology report from a previous miscarriage can show if there's a genetic or chromosomal cause. But again, this is a very standard workup that any OB-GYN is familiar and accustomed to doing.

Is there anything a woman can do to prevent a miscarriage and/or lower her risk of having one?

For women at average risk, the best recommendation is to be in as good a state of overall health as possible before and during pregnancy. This means not smoking or drinking alcohol while pregnant, exercising regularly, having weight in healthy range, and getting 7-9 hours of sleep a night. For women with high-risk pregnancies, certain medications may help lower risk of additional miscarriage in women who have had recurrent pregnancy loss.

What is vanishing twin syndrome?

Vanishing twin syndrome refers to a pregnancy that starts with twins and then one of the twin pregnancy stops and basically that gets reabsorbed into the placenta, the amniotic sac. When the end of the pregnancy comes, there's just one baby, a singleton that's delivered. We don't totally understand why this happens, so it's hard to pinpoint how common it is.

What is an ectopic pregnancy?

Ectopic pregnancy basically refers to a pregnancy that is located anywhere other than the uterine cavity. The most common place for an ectopic to be located is actually in the Fallopian tube, but there can be ectopics that are located in the cervix, which are incredibly rare and very dangerous, because of the risk of life-threatening hemorrhage. There can occasionally be an ectopic on the outside of the ovary, where it meets the Fallopian tube, and then there can be, rarely, abdominal pregnancies where the pregnancy implants in the abdominal cavity. That is extremely rare.

How common are ectopic pregnancies and how are they diagnosed? How are they treated?

Most cited literature puts the risk of ectopic at about 1 in 50 pregnancies. To be clear, most ectopics are treated successfully but ruptured ectopic pregnancy is the number one cause of maternal death in the first trimester. We don't know what causes ectopic pregnancy, but the vast majority of women who have an ectopic pregnancy have an anatomic problem with their Fallopian tube or evidence of infection or scar tissue in the Fallopian tube.

Usually ectopic pregnancies are diagnosed on either blood testing or with a routine ultrasound. It can be difficult. Typically we look for a doubling or at minimum about a 66% increase in HGC, which is the main pregnancy hormone, over a 48-hour period. Then we correlate that with what we see on an ultrasound which we can check roughly every week in the first trimester. Looking every day by ultrasound doesn't really tell us anything. If it doesn't rise appropriately or if we don't see a confirmed pregnancy in the uterus at the time when we expect to see one, then we make the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy.

In terms of treating an ectopic, there are basically only two options: an injection of a chemotherapy drug called methotrexate, which will stop the pregnancy because it targets rapidly dividing cells, or surgery. There are certain criteria for one versus the other, but if the ectopic is picked up after a certain point, then laparoscopic surgery is performed. Occasionally if the ectopic has caused a rupture in the Fallopian tube, the tube does need to be removed, but the woman can still get pregnant on the other side.

What is a chemical pregnancy?

We use that term when we have someone who's had a positive pregnancy test, but we never actually see a pregnancy develop to the point of certain ultrasounds findings. We look at ultrasounds in stages in the first trimester. First we see a little sac inside the uterus. Then we see literally something that looks like a ring -- we call it a yolk sac. Then we look for something that we call a fetal pole, which literally looks like a tadpole. And then we look for a heartbeat. Typically you don't expect to see a heartbeat until about six-and-a-half or seven weeks, but that is highly dependent on the technology used, the skill of the ultrasonographer, the woman, various factors.

So if it's a desired pregnancy, many healthcare providers will wait, as long as the woman's not having any symptoms, until we see these signs. When we diagnose a chemical pregnancy, it's because there's usually a positive urine test and then the pregnancy hormones just kind of stop, so we never really see anything in the uterus. We don't know how common this is, but everyone -- midwives and obstetricians -- sees it in their practice.

What is a stillbirth?

Those are oftentimes the most emotionally agonizing types of loss, but to be clear, a miscarriage or loss of a pregnancy in any trimester, they're all upsetting. A stillbirth, generally we're talking about third trimester loss. In terms of how common a stillbirth is -- the cited statistic is 1%, or over 20,000 stillbirths in the country every year. Those numbers may be a little bit in question but what's not in question is that stillbirths can and do happen. Sometimes there are known risk factors. Sometimes they happen with no known explanation or risk at all.

Most of the times third trimester fetal demise is diagnosed on a routine visit to a midwife or OB or actually in labor and delivery. At that time the management of a stillbirth is to induce labor to allow a woman to deliver the fetus.

Is anybody at fault for a miscarriage?

A lot of people feel shame and stigma and don't want to talk about it or feel they can't talk about it openly, and I think, unfortunately, a major reason for that is that a lot of women in particular feel that something is wrong with them or they did something wrong or it's their fault in some way. That is rarely, if ever, the case. The reality is, miscarriage happens. And that is incredibly painful and upsetting for the couple. It's no one's fault. I think it's one of the many topics in medicine that we need to de-stigmatize and we need to bring out of the shadows and make it more acceptable to discuss because it's so common and so many people, unfortunately, experience it.

What would you say to a woman who blames herself?

For some women who have suffered a miscarriage who on some level blame themselves or feel that it makes them less of a woman or that it's a fault or flaw in them, all I can say as an OB-GYN is that's not true. It's not your fault. It doesn't make you flawed. And it certainly doesn't make you less of a woman. I think it's also important to remember that a miscarriage is a painful loss for the other partner in that couple, and that that partner can grieve the loss of a pregnancy even if he or she wasn't carrying the pregnancy. So I think that we need to start expanding our sensitivity when it comes to this and a big part of that is how we look at pregnancy in this country -- that it's always the "Hollywood pregnancy," and it's so easy and then couples get this perfect baby and that's not reality. For most people who suffer miscarriage, it seems that everywhere they turn, they're looking at that Hollywood pregnancy, or they're seeing women who have seemingly no issue with fertility. But it's important to remember that optics are rarely reality.

What should and shouldn't I say to a friend who's suffered a miscarriage?

You don't really have to say anything. You can just be with the person. You can offer them emotional support with just a gesture like a hug. What not to say? "You can always try again." Or, "There will be other pregnancies." I think it's really important to understand that a miscarriage in any trimester is a loss, and that is incredibly emotional and painful for the woman who was pregnant and for her partner. So saying things like, "You can always try again" or "You can always have another baby" doesn't help. It does a lot of damage.

Miscarriage, how to avoid - Planning and management of pregnancy in the gynecology of the Literary Fund polyclinic after a miscarriage

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A miscarriage is always associated with severe consequences for the whole body of a woman and for her reproductive organs in particular, it also affects the family situation, disrupts the woman's work schedule. An unfavorable outcome of pregnancy requires great mental and physical costs on the part of parents. Therefore, contacting doctors to find out the causes of the problem is the very first and correct step towards the birth of a child. nine0033

Any competent gynecologist will tell you that the problem of miscarriage can be solved. With proper preparation for pregnancy and its management, the next time you will have a successful pregnancy. Most girls after a miscarriage go to extremes: they try to get pregnant again as soon as possible. And if this succeeds, then the miscarriage is very often repeated. And you need to give the body a rest for 2-3 months, then identify and eliminate the cause. And only then try.

Causes of miscarriage

Many are convinced that miscarriages are due to a fall, bruise, or some other physical shock. Any woman who has had a miscarriage can remember that not long before she either fell or lifted something heavy. And I am sure that she lost her unborn child precisely because of this. However, those women whose pregnancy was normal also fall and lift heavy things. Most sudden miscarriages do not occur for this reason. The reason is in violations of the pregnancy itself. Approximately half of miscarriages are due to abnormal genetic development of the fetus, which can be hereditary or accidental. Merciful nature, following the principles of natural selection in everything, destroys the defective and unviable fetus. But you should not be afraid of this. The fact that there is a defect in one embryo does not mean at all that all the others will be the same. nine0033

The woman's body is almost always to blame for the other half of miscarriages. They are caused by various known and unknown factors, such as: acute infectious diseases suffered in the first trimester of pregnancy, poor environment or difficult working conditions, excessive psychological or physical stress, abnormal development of the uterus, radiation, alcohol, smoking and certain types of drugs.

The causes of early and late miscarriage may differ, although they may overlap. The most important thing is to find out and eliminate or compensate for your own cause of miscarriage. Having discovered the cause, the gynecologist will tell you how to avoid another loss. nine0033

Miscarriage

Miscarriage statistics also include “missed pregnancy”. Sometimes it happens that the embryo dies and lingers in the uterine cavity. Most often, this fact is detected by ultrasound. The dead fetus may begin to decompose, and this, thereby, will lead to poisoning of the mother's body.

Doctors resort to surgical curettage, which is associated with a risk of inflammation and complications. With such a miscarriage, the next pregnancy is planned after the body is fully restored - not earlier than a year. During this year, you will have to find out the cause of the missed pregnancy and treat it. nine0033

Miscarriage up to 6 weeks

The main causes of miscarriage on this line are malformations of the embryo itself. Statistics say that from 70-90% of embryos had chromosomal abnormalities: they are random and will not occur in other pregnancies. You may have been ill, taken medication, or were under the influence of other harmful factors. Fate saved you from a child with malformations.

The human body is perfect and finds a way to correct the situation by miscarriage. Today is a tragedy for you. The real tragedy would be the preservation and birth of a sick, non-viable child. So don’t cry and understand: everything is for the best, you won’t help grief with tears ... And after three months, try again - it will almost certainly turn out to be successful. nine0033

It should also be noted that the fact of a miscarriage does not mean that you have lost something. So for a period of 7-8 weeks, the absence of an embryo in the fetal egg is found - "anembryony". It is believed that in 80-90% of cases, miscarriages are undiagnosed non-developing pregnancies.

Miscarriage between 6 and 12 weeks

Miscarriage in this period is also considered early. Its most common causes are:

Endocrine disorders

Endocrine disorders, when the ovaries do not synthesize enough hormones to keep the fetus in the womb, or the amount of male sex hormones is increased, is one of the most common causes of miscarriage and miscarriage. nine0033

Imbalance of hormones in a woman's body is very likely to lead to an early termination of pregnancy. With a lack of the main hormone progesterone produced by the ovaries, this happens most often. Another hormonal problem is an increase in the tone of the uterus, which provokes the expulsion of the fetus.

Progesterone prepares the uterine mucosa for implantation and is the hormone for maintaining pregnancy in the first months. If conception occurs, the fetus cannot properly establish itself in the uterus. As a result, the fertilized egg is rejected. But pregnancy can be saved with the help of progesterone preparations if this problem is detected in time. nine0033

An excess of male sex hormones that suppress the production of estrogen and progesterone can also be the cause of an early miscarriage. Often, the cause of recurrent miscarriages are androgens that affect the formation and development of pregnancy; as well as thyroid and adrenal hormones. Therefore, a change in the function of these glands can lead to miscarriage.

Undertreated sexual infections

This problem must be solved before conception. Often the cause of miscarriage is sexually transmitted infections: syphilis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus and herpetic infections. Their effect on the fetus and the course of pregnancy is different for each woman and depends on the timing of infection, the activity of the microorganism, the degree of immune protection and the presence of other adverse factors. Depending on the situation, they can lead to the formation of fetal malformations, intrauterine infection, feto-placental insufficiency, early miscarriage or premature birth. Infection of the fetus and damage to the membrane of the fetus leads to miscarriage. To avoid this, infections should be treated before pregnancy. The use of therapy is possible during pregnancy as prescribed by a doctor. nine0033

Viral infections and other diseases

Any disease accompanied by intoxication and fever above 38 ^about C can lead to a miscarriage. Rubella, influenza and viral hepatitis occupy a leading position in this list. At a period of 4-10 weeks for pregnancy, ordinary tonsillitis can also become tragic, pneumonia carries a more serious risk. Pyelonephritis and appendicitis can cause early labor. When planning a pregnancy, it is imperative to undergo a medical examination in order to identify and treat foci of infections. nine0033

Extremely dangerous during pregnancy rubella - it leads to severe fetal malformations, so infection during pregnancy is an indication for medical abortion.

Any disease during pregnancy can lead to non-viability of the fetus. And the body, through a miscarriage, insures you against unwanted offspring. With such a miscarriage, the next pregnancy has every chance of going well.

Immune causes of miscarriage

Sometimes antibodies that are hostile to the fetus are formed in the blood of a pregnant woman. This cause can be predicted and eliminated in advance. Most often, the conflict occurs when the embryo inherits the positive Rh factor of the father, and the negative Rh factor, the mother's body rejects the embryonic tissues that are alien to it. Constant monitoring of antibody titer and the introduction of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulins allows you to maintain and maintain pregnancy. In case of an immune conflict, progesterone preparations are also used to prevent miscarriage, which in this case has an immunomodulatory effect. nine0033

Reduced immunity

Reduced immunity during pregnancy also refers to immune causes. The body is simply not able to grow a new life in itself. You need to take care of yourself and recover before the next conception.

Anatomical causes of miscarriage

Anatomical causes of miscarriage are the most intractable. Malformations of the uterus are a serious reason for miscarriage. Sometimes you just have to deal with it.

Miscarriage between 12 and 22 weeks

Such a miscarriage is considered late. Its causes coincide with the causes of miscarriages in the early stages (anatomical, immune, infectious, endocrine).

At this time, miscarriage also occurs due to isthmic-cervical insufficiency - a weak cervix cannot hold the fetus and opens. For this reason, a miscarriage can occur in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. Isthmic-cervical insufficiency is observed in 15.0-42.7% of women suffering from miscarriage. Careful monitoring of the pregnant woman allows you to identify the problem in time and make surgical correction of the cervix before the onset of childbirth. nine0033

In isthmic-cervical insufficiency, there is only one method of treatment - mechanical narrowing of the cervical canal. To do this, the neck is either sewn up or a special ring is put on it. However, the latter method is less efficient, because the ring can easily slide off the neck, then it will no longer hold back the process of opening it.

After suturing, if necessary, it is possible to use antibiotics and drugs that normalize the microflora of the vagina. The treatment of the vagina and the control of the state of the seams are carried out daily for 5 days. Stitches are removed at 37-38 weeks and with premature onset of labor. nine0033

Isthmic-cervical insufficiency may be primary (for no apparent reason), may be the result of abortion or hormonal disorders (increased levels of androgens - male sex hormones or their precursors).

Miscarriage after 22 weeks

Such a loss is hard to forget. Obstetricians talk about premature birth after the 28th week of pregnancy. Traditionally, a child born after this period is considered viable. But medicine knows many cases when it was possible to save the life of earlier children. nine0033

We recommend that you be carefully examined for miscarriage, check the above factors. In addition to them, the cause of a miscarriage can be antiphospholipid syndrome, while the woman's body perceives the child as something alien and rejects it. This disease, like the others listed, can be corrected; you have a very real chance of bearing a child.

Miscarriages due to hemostasis disorders

All of the above causes account for only 30-40%. Up to 70% of miscarriages are caused by disorders in the blood coagulation system (hemostasis). nine0033

Blood coagulation disorders leading to pregnancy loss can be divided into thrombophilic (increased clotting) and hemorrhagic (bleeding tendencies). Both of these extremes are dangerous to the fetus. Various disorders leading to the formation of small blood clots lead to the fact that the fetus loses sufficient blood supply, development is disturbed and the fetus is rejected.

The main hemorrhagic changes can appear even in childhood in the form of increased bleeding during cuts, tooth extractions, the onset of menstruation. But sometimes they declare themselves only during pregnancy and are the cause of a miscarriage. Bleeding in the early stages and detachment of the chorion is difficult to stop. nine0033

You may not guess, but incomprehensible headaches, weakness, fatigue, temporary loss of smell or hearing may be symptoms of disorders in the blood coagulation system.

When planning a pregnancy, a genetic examination should be carried out and, if necessary, treatment should be started.

It is advisable to be examined for hidden hemostasis defects even for those who consider themselves healthy. This will allow you to predict the occurrence of complications and prevent loss. Early therapy can prevent miscarriage at 98% of cases. If defects in hemostasis are already detected during pregnancy, it can be difficult to maintain it.

What to do after a miscarriage?

Find the cause! The ideal option is to be examined by future parents: it is much more reasonable to postpone conception and spend two or three months to identify the causes than to risk getting pregnant again, spend two months waiting, and then lose everything again and still go to the doctors.

Until you understand the reason, it will not evaporate. In most cases, the answers lie on the surface. Take care of your health and your future baby. nine0033

Sign up for a consultation with an obstetrician-gynecologist by phone +7 (495) 150-60-01

Tyan Oksana Alexandrovna

Head of the department, obstetrician-gynecologist Doctor of the highest category Work experience: 26 years

Volkova Polina Dmitrievna

Obstetrician-gynecologist, doctor of ultrasound diagnostics Doctor of the highest category Experience: 35 years

Postnikova Nadezhda Anatolyevna

Obstetrician-gynecologist, ultrasound specialist Work experience: 35 years

Moiseeva Alla Vitalievna

Obstetrician-gynecologist, doctor of ultrasound diagnostics Doctor of the first category Work experience: 37 years

Zabolotnova Olga Valentinovna

Obstetrician-gynecologist Doctor of the first category Experience: 26 years

Shchelokova Elena Nikolaevna

Obstetrician-gynecologist Doctor of the highest category Experience: 38 years

Maksimova Tamara Anatolyevna

Obstetrician-gynecologist Work experience: 7 years

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90,000 miscarriage, symptoms - Health Clinic 365 G.

Yekaterinburg

Causes of miscarriage

Questions to the doctor about miscarriage

Diagnostics of miscarriage

Treatment and prevention of miscarriage

- this0084 for up to 20 weeks. According to statistics, 10 to 20% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage. However, the real numbers could be much higher, as a large number of miscarriages happen very early, and women are not even aware of their pregnancy. Most miscarriages happen due to abnormal development of the fetus.

Miscarriage is quite common, but this fact does not make things easier. It is always difficult to cope with the realization that there was a pregnancy, but no child. Try to deal with the situation psychologically and understand what could be causing the miscarriage, what increases the risk of it, and what type of treatment might be needed. nine0033
Symptoms of miscarriage .

Most miscarriages occur before 12 weeks. Signs and symptoms of a miscarriage include:

Vaginal bleeding or spotting (although this is common in early pregnancy)

Pain or cramps in the abdomen or lower back

Fluid vaginal discharge or tissue fragments

It is important to consider the fact that in early pregnancy, spotting or vaginal bleeding is quite common. In most cases, women who experience light bleeding during the first three months have an uneventful pregnancy thereafter. In some cases, even with heavy bleeding, the pregnancy does not end in a miscarriage. nine0033
Some women who have a miscarriage develop an infection in the uterus. This infection, also called septic miscarriage, can cause:

Fever (feeling hot, chills)

Body pains

Thick, foul-smelling vaginal discharge

When to see a doctor.

Call your doctor if:

Bleeding, even if only light spotting occurs

Profuse, liquid vaginal discharge without pain or bleeding

Isolation of tissue fragments from the vagina

You can place a piece of tissue to be isolated in a clean container and take it to your doctor for examination. It is unlikely that the study will give any accurate results, but if it is determined that the fragments of the excreted tissue are from the placenta, the doctor will be able to conclude that the symptoms that appear are not associated with the presence of a tubal (ectopic) pregnancy.
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