How to recognize add in a child

Warning Signs Your Child Has ADD: Valencia Pediatrics: Pediatrics

If your child is having problems academically or socially at school, it might be that a condition is impeding their ability to progress. Attention deficit disorder, or ADD, is a common diagnosis in children that can make school and home environments more challenging.

Getting an early diagnosis helps children with ADD get the treatment they need early, so they can learn coping skills and find success. If your child has any of these warning signs of ADD, board-certified pediatrician Rainilda Valencia, MD, from Valencia Pediatrics in Victorville, California, recommends your child get a full ADD consultation to determine if they have ADD.

What is ADD?

ADD is a common condition that makes it more difficult for children to concentrate and focus. Unlike the related condition, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), these children don’t usually have clinically significant challenges with impulsivity or hyperactivity.

Symptoms of ADD can emerge at any age, but it’s most common to start observing them during the early school years, before age 12. Without intervention and treatment, children with ADD can have problems completing homework, learning, staying organized at home and school, and with social relationships.

Over time, children with ADD that haven’t received support are at higher risk for developing mental health problems like anxiety or depression.

Warning signs of ADD in children

According to Dr. Valencia, these are some of the most common symptoms that can indicate your child has undiagnosed ADD.

Procrastination

Your child with ADD might have difficulty completing tasks, like their homework assignments and assigned chores. They can have trouble prioritizing which tasks are most important, which makes it hard to get started and complete a to-do list.

Disorganization

These children often have desks, lockers, or bedrooms that appear disorganized. They can have trouble keeping track of their belongings and schedules, and might find themselves losing things and being late to class.

Inattention and lack of focus

A child who has ADD might seem like they aren’t interested in paying attention in class or other activities. They’re often prone to daydreaming during structured activities, being easily distracted by external stimuli, and seeming disinterested or bored.

Forgetfulness

Children with ADD often forget to complete or attend to tasks or activities because of their disorganization. This can lead to forgetting to turn in homework assignments, go to activities, and turning in schoolwork they haven’t finished.

Social skills challenges

Some children with ADD also have trouble with social interactions. This can include difficulty focusing on conversations, remaining on topic when they talk, and paying attention to social rules.

What to do if your child displays ADD symptoms

When your child has ADD symptoms, our team at Valencia Pediatrics can evaluate them at an ADD/ADHD consultation. At your child’s consultation, Dr. Valencia discusses your concerns, reviews your child’s full history, and observes and evaluates your child. She also ensures your child’s symptoms don’t have a different cause.

Once your child has been diagnosed with ADD, Dr. Valencia, with Micaela Marin-Tucker, PA-C, and Megan Reynolds, C-PNP, develops and implements a plan to treat your child’s symptoms. This plan can include talk and behavioral therapies, coordinating with your child’s school and activities, and medications.

With treatment, our team can help you and your child manage their ADD and succeed at school and at home. To schedule your child’s ADD consultation, call Valencia Pediatrics today.

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ADHD in Children - HelpGuide.org

adhd

Do you think your child might have ADHD? Here’s how to recognize the signs and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder—and get the help you need.

What is ADHD or ADD?

It’s normal for children to occasionally forget their homework, daydream during class, act without thinking, or get fidgety at the dinner table. But inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity are also signs of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), sometimes known as attention deficit disorder or ADD.

ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that typically appears in early childhood, usually before the age of seven. ADHD makes it difficult for children to inhibit their spontaneous responses—responses that can involve everything from movement to speech to attentiveness. We all know kids who can’t sit still, who never seem to listen, who don’t follow instructions no matter how clearly you present them, or who blurt out inappropriate comments at inappropriate times. Sometimes these children are labeled as troublemakers, or criticized for being lazy and undisciplined. However, they may have ADHD.

Is it normal kid behavior or is it ADHD?

It can be difficult to distinguish between ADHD and normal “kid behavior.” If you spot just a few signs, or the symptoms appear only in some situations, it’s probably not ADHD. On the other hand, if your child shows a number of ADHD signs and symptoms that are present across all situations—at home, at school, and at play—it’s time to take a closer look.

Life with a child with ADHD can be frustrating and overwhelming, but as a parent there is a lot you can do to help control symptoms, overcome daily challenges, and bring greater calm to your family.

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ADHD symptoms

When many people think of attention deficit disorder, they picture an out-of-control kid in constant motion, bouncing off the walls and disrupting everyone around. But the reality is much more complex. Some children with ADHD are hyperactive, while others sit quietly—with their attention miles away. Some put too much focus on a task and have trouble shifting it to something else. Others are only mildly inattentive, but overly impulsive.

The signs and symptoms a child with attention deficit disorder has depend on which characteristics predominate.

Children with ADHD may be:

• Inattentive, but not hyperactive or impulsive.
• Hyperactive and impulsive, but able to pay attention.
• Inattentive, hyperactive, and impulsive (the most common form of ADHD).

Children who only have inattentive symptoms of ADHD are often overlooked, since they're not disruptive. However, the symptoms of inattention have consequences: getting in hot water with parents and teachers for not following directions; underperforming in school; or clashing with other kids over not playing by the rules.

ADHD symptoms at different ages

Because we expect very young children to be easily distractible and hyperactive, it's the impulsive behaviors—the dangerous climb, the blurted insult—that often stand out in preschoolers with ADHD. By age four or five, though, most children have learned how to pay attention to others, to sit quietly when instructed to, and not to say everything that pops into their heads. So by the time children reach school age, those with ADHD stand out in all three behaviors: inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Inattentiveness signs and symptoms of ADHD

It isn't that children with ADHD can't pay attention: when they're doing things they enjoy or hearing about topics in which they're interested, they have no trouble focusing and staying on task. But when the task is repetitive or boring, they quickly tune out.

Staying on track is another common problem. Children with ADHD often bounce from task to task without completing any of them, or skip necessary steps in procedures. Organizing their schoolwork and their time is harder for them than it is for most children. Kids with ADHD also have trouble concentrating if there are things going on around them; they usually need a calm, quiet environment in order to stay focused.

Symptoms of inattention in children

Your child may:

• Have trouble staying focused; be easily distracted or get bored with a task before it's completed.
• Appear not to listen when spoken to.
• Have difficulty remembering things and following instructions; not pay attention to details or makes careless mistakes.
• Have trouble staying organized, planning ahead, and finishing projects.
• Frequently lose or misplace homework, books, toys, or other items.

Hyperactivity signs and symptoms of ADHD

The most obvious sign of ADHD is hyperactivity. While many children are naturally quite active, kids with hyperactive symptoms of attention deficit disorder are always moving. They may try to do several things at once, bouncing around from one activity to the next. Even when forced to sit still, which can be very difficult for them, their foot is tapping, their leg is shaking, or their fingers are drumming.

Symptoms of hyperactivity in children

Your child may:

• Constantly fidget and squirm.
• Have difficulty sitting still, playing quietly, or relaxing.
• Move around constantly, often running or climbing inappropriately.
• Talk excessively.
• Have a quick temper or “short fuse.”

Impulsive signs and symptoms of ADHD

The impulsivity of children with ADHD can cause problems with self-control. Because they censor themselves less than other kids do, they'll interrupt conversations, invade other people's space, ask irrelevant questions in class, make tactless observations, and ask overly personal questions. Instructions like, “Be patient” and “Just wait a little while” are twice as hard for children with ADHD to follow as they are for other youngsters.

Children with impulsive signs and symptoms of ADHD also tend to be moody and to overreact emotionally. As a result, others may start to view the child as disrespectful, weird, or needy.

Symptoms of impulsivity in children

Your child may:

• Act without thinking.
• Guess, rather than taking time to solve a problem; blurt out answers in class without waiting to be called on or hear the whole question.
• Intrude on other people's conversations or games.
• Often interrupt others; say the wrong thing at the wrong time.
• Be unable to keep powerful emotions in check, resulting in angry outbursts or temper tantrums.

Positive effects of ADHD in children

ADHD has nothing to do with intelligence or talent. What's more, kids with attention deficit disorder often demonstrate the following positive traits:

Creativity. Children who have ADHD can be marvelously creative and imaginative. The child who daydreams and has ten different thoughts at once can become a master problem-solver, a fountain of ideas, or an inventive artist. Children with ADHD may be easily distracted, but sometimes they notice what others don't see.

Flexibility. Because children with ADHD consider a lot of options at once, they don't become set on one alternative early on and are more open to different ideas.

Enthusiasm and spontaneity. Children with ADHD are rarely boring! They're interested in a lot of different things and have lively personalities. In short, if they're not exasperating you (and sometimes even when they are), they're a lot of fun to be with.

Energy and drive. When kids with ADHD are motivated, they work or play hard and strive to succeed. It actually may be difficult to distract them from a task that interests them, especially if the activity is interactive or hands-on.

Is it really ADHD?

Just because a child has symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, or hyperactivity does not mean that they have ADHD. Certain medical conditions, psychological disorders, and stressful life events can cause symptoms that look like ADHD.

Before an accurate diagnosis of ADHD can be made, it is important that you see a mental health professional to explore and rule out the following possibilities:

Learning disabilities or problems with reading, writing, motor skills, or language.

Major life events or traumatic experiences, such as a recent move, death of a loved one, bullying, or divorce.

Psychological disorders including anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder.

Behavioral disorders such as conduct disorder, reactive attachment disorder, and oppositional defiant disorder.

Medical conditions, including thyroid problems, neurological conditions, epilepsy, and sleep disorders.

Helping a child with ADHD

Whether or not your child's symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity are due to ADHD, they can cause many problems if left untreated. Children who can't focus and control themselves may struggle in school, get into frequent trouble, and find it hard to get along with others or make friends. These frustrations and difficulties can lead to low self-esteem as well as friction and stress for the whole family.

But treatment can make a dramatic difference in your child's symptoms. With the right support, your child can get on track for success in all areas of life.

If your child struggles with symptoms that look like ADHD, don't wait to seek professional help. You can treat your child's symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention, and impulsivity without having a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder. Options to start with include getting your child into therapy, implementing a better diet and exercise plan, and modifying the home environment to minimize distractions.

If you do receive a diagnosis of ADHD, you can then work with your child's doctor, therapist, and school to make a personalized treatment plan that meets their specific needs. Effective treatment for childhood ADHD involves behavioral therapy, parent education and training, social support, and assistance at school. Medication may also be used; however, it should never be the sole attention deficit disorder treatment.

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Parenting tips for children with ADHD

If your child is hyperactive, inattentive, or impulsive, it may take a lot of energy to get them to listen, finish a task, or sit still. The constant monitoring can be frustrating and exhausting. Sometimes you may feel like your child is running the show. But there are steps you can take to regain control of the situation, while simultaneously helping your child make the most of their abilities.

While attention deficit disorder is not caused by bad parenting, there are effective parenting strategies that can go a long way to correct problem behaviors. Children with ADHD need structure, consistency, clear communication, and rewards and consequences for their behavior. They also need lots of love, support, and encouragement.

There are many things parents can do to reduce the signs and symptoms of ADHD without sacrificing the natural energy, playfulness, and sense of wonder unique in every child.

Take care of yourself so you're better able to care for your child. Eat right, exercise, get enough sleep, find ways to reduce stress, and seek face-to-face support from family and friends as well as your child's doctor and teachers.

Establish structure and stick to it. Help your child stay focused and organized by following daily routines, simplifying your child's schedule, and keeping your child busy with healthy activities.

Set clear expectations. Make the rules of behavior simple and explain what will happen when they are obeyed or broken—and follow through each time with a reward or a consequence.

Encourage exercise and sleep. Physical activity improves concentration and promotes brain growth. Importantly for children with ADHD, it also leads to better sleep, which in turn can reduce the symptoms of ADHD.

Help your child eat right. To manage symptoms of ADHD, schedule regular healthy meals or snacks every three hours and cut back on junk and sugary food.

Teach your child how to make friends. Help them become a better listener, learn to read people's faces and body language, and interact more smoothly with others.

School tips for children with ADHD

ADHD, obviously, gets in the way of learning. You can't absorb information or get your work done if you're running around the classroom or zoning out on what you're supposed to be reading or listening to. Think of what the school setting requires children to do: Sit still. Listen quietly. Pay attention. Follow instructions. Concentrate. These are the very things kids with ADHD have a hard time doing—not because they aren't willing, but because their brains won't let them.

But that doesn't mean kids with ADHD can't succeed at school. There are many things both parents and teachers can do to help children with ADHD thrive in the classroom. It starts with evaluating each child's individual weaknesses and strengths, then coming up with creative strategies for helping them focus, stay on task, and learn to their full capability.

Authors: Melinda Smith, M.A., Lawrence Robinson, and Jeanne Segal, Ph.D.

• References

  Neurodevelopmental Disorders. (2013). In Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. American Psychiatric Association. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787.x01_Neurodevelopmental_Disorders

  Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Ghandour, R. M., Holbrook, J. R., Kogan, M. D., & Blumberg, S. J. (2018). Prevalence of Parent-Reported ADHD Diagnosis and Associated Treatment Among U.S. Children and Adolescents, 2016. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 47(2), 199–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1417860

  Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F., Allan, C., Chan, E., Davison, D., Earls, M., Evans, S. W., Flinn, S. K., Froehlich, T., Frost, J., Holbrook, J. R., Lehmann, C. U., Lessin, H. R., Okechukwu, K., Pierce, K. L., Winner, J. D., Zurhellen, W., & Disorder, S. on C. and A. with A.-D. (2019). Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis, Evaluation, and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents. Pediatrics, 144(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-2528

  Felt, B. T., Biermann, B., Christner, J. G., Kochhar, P., & Harrison, R. V. (2014). Diagnosis and Management of ADHD in Children. American Family Physician, 90(7), 456–464. https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/1001/p456.html

  Rytter, M. J. H., Andersen, L. B. B., Houmann, T., Bilenberg, N., Hvolby, A., Mølgaard, C., Michaelsen, K. F., & Lauritzen, L. (2015). Diet in the treatment of ADHD in children—A systematic review of the literature. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 69(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3109/08039488.2014.921933

For kids: ADHD – Diagnosing and treating ADHD in children. (KidsHealth)

For teens: ADHD – Diagnosing and treating ADHD in teenagers. (TeensHealth)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) – Guide to ADHD for parents. (Center for Parent Information & Resources)

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Teens: What You Need to Know – Signs, symptoms, causes, and treatment. (National Institute of Mental Health)

Symptoms and Diagnosis of ADHD – Including the signs of hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)

Last updated: November 1, 2022

How to determine if the baby has enough milk?

Category: Breastfeeding.

A child who is breastfed should be applied to the breast at his request during the day, and at least 3 times at night, on average 10-12 times a day. Feeding on demand - this means that at the first sign of restlessness of the baby, it must be applied to the chest. In order for the child to be satiated, it must be correctly attached to the breast, it must suck rhythmically for about 5-20 minutes, swallowing movements should be heard during sucking (swallowing milk), a well-fed child can fall asleep under the breast, after feeding the breast should become soft. Signs of a hungry baby: opens her mouth wide, turns her head in different directions (looking for a nipple), whimpers, sucks her fist.

A child suckles at the breast not only to quench thirst or hunger, but also to calm down, comfort, it is easier to fall asleep, recover, and get gassies out. Newborns are not able to regulate their bowels, therefore, in order to push out gassies, they need a new portion of milk. Therefore, the younger the children, the more often they need to be applied to the chest. If the child is not capricious, gains weight well, neuropsychic development corresponds to age, this indicates that the body develops normally, it has enough food and enough milk, but this only applies to children under 6 months old. A child who is breastfed (up to 6 months) must gain weight at least 500 g per month, the upper limit of the increase for each child is individual. But if the process of eruption of milk teeth began earlier, then weight gain is possible and less than 500 g.

What should I do to get enough milk?

• Milk production occurs under the influence of two hormones, prolactin and oxytocin, which are produced in response to the suckling of the breast of a woman who has given birth. Therefore, in order to stimulate the production of milk, frequent stimulation of these two hormones is necessary, this implies frequent attachment of the baby to the breast (necessarily night attachments), proper breastfeeding.
• The exclusion of stress, tension, increased mental and physical tension, fatigue, these factors contribute to a decrease in the production of oxytocin and prolactin, and if they are not enough, the muscle cells will not be able to form and secrete milk, as a result of which the child will not be able to get the amount of milk he needs. Thus, all nursing mothers need: calmness, rest, calm environment, they should try to get a good night's sleep (daytime sleep is required, next to the child).
• Constant contact with the child (affects the production of hormones).
• A warm shower promotes better milk flow.
• Special lactogenic (better milk excretion) teas (sold in pharmacies) for nursing mothers.
• Lactic preparations, for example: Apilak.
• Walnut with honey also has a lactogenic effect, use honey with caution for mothers with children suffering from allergies.
• A nursing mother must follow a diet: eat on time, high-calorie food and rich in vitamins (it doesn’t matter if your weight changes or not), drink more fluids, forget about any diets.
• Under no circumstances should you smoke or drink alcohol.
• In case of insufficient milk production, it is urgent to seek help from a lactation consultant.

Childhood stunting

In the first years of life, children grow and develop much faster than later. However, often, the increase in growth in children occurs with a lag behind generally accepted norms. Most children grow at their own pace, but there are those who are diagnosed with growth retardation.

This term is somewhat general, there are many different causes of stunting in children. Often, stunted children also lag behind in weight gain in accordance with age norms.

Diagnosis and treatment of children with stunting begins with the diagnosis of the cause of the condition, after which parents and pediatricians work in tandem to ensure that the child returns to the growth variant in line with healthy peers.

About stunting.

Most cases of growth retardation in children are detected in the first years of a child's life, at the time of maximum physical and neuropsychic development of the child. In the first year of a child's life, his brain grows as much as it will grow in later years of life. Inadequate intake of nutrients and microelements during this period of life can lead to permanent negative changes in the neuropsychic development of the child.

Most children double their birth weight by 6 months and triple it by the end of the first year of life; stunted children usually do not show this weight change. Often, children who are stunted due to insufficient nutrition show:

• Decreased interest in others
• Don't make eye contact
• Become more capricious
• Lagging behind in psychomotor development (beginning to sit, walk, talk later)

Reasons.

Growth retardation can be due to various reasons, among which the main ones are:

Social. They are not medical, and as a rule, are associated with: improper feeding of the child, special diets that the mother uses because of the fear that the child will "get fat at an older age." Also, parents can limit the frequency of feeding due to increased employment (“I give more, but less often”). Or in connection with other unfavorable social and living conditions in the family.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Includes: gastroesophageal reflux disease (in which food is thrown from the stomach into the esophagus and the child may refuse to eat because of pain), chronic diarrhea of ​​​​various origins, cystic fibrosis, liver disease and ciliac disease - diseases that somehow affect absorption and processing of nutrients from food. A child may consume a large amount of food, but the percentage of digestibility will be low. Celiac disease is a disease with increased immune reactivity to cereal proteins. Incorrect response of the immune system to these proteins leads to inflammatory damage to the intestines, which prevents the normal digestion of food.

Chronic diseases. Children suffering from many endocrine diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems may lag behind their healthy peers in growth and weight gain.

Intolerance to milk protein as the main nutrient often also leads to impaired growth and development of the child.

Infections. Parasitic infections, urinary tract infections, tuberculosis, etc. lead to an increase in the body's need for nutrients, but, as a rule, suppress appetite, which leads to short-term or longer, in the case of chronic infections, weight loss.

Metabolic disorders. These diseases result in the body's inability to break down, transform, transfer, or store nutrients and obtain energy from them. As a result, there is an accumulation of unsplit substances in the body or toxic products of their decay.

Diagnostics

Many children experience short-term growth or weight loss. However, if this dynamic is observed for more than three months during the first year of a child's life, doctors, as a rule, begin to look for the cause of these disorders.

Growth/weight retardation of the child is diagnosed using percentile tables during regular examinations by a pediatrician. The doctor conducts a detailed examination, advises on nutrition, and also directs to laboratory blood tests (general analysis, biochemical and electrolyte analysis) and urine. If the doctor suspects a certain illness, additional blood tests will also be needed.

Treatment

Children with growth retardation often need to receive care not only from the attending pediatrician, but also from many other specialists, including an endocrinologist, nutritionist, pediatric surgeon, neurologist, gastroenterologist, psychologist, etc.

In cases of growth retardation due to a simple violation of the intake of sufficient nutrients, frequent monitoring and recommendations from the pediatrician will help to solve this problem. In such cases, doctors usually prescribe artificial feeding with special mixtures with a lot of nutrients. In severe cases, the child is usually fed through a nasogastric tube. In the case of a probe, feeding through it is carried out mainly at night in order not to disturb the daytime feedings or other activity of the child during the daytime. Once adequate weight has been gained, the baby begins to feed more naturally and the nasogastric tube is removed. These children usually undergo a complex of therapeutic and diagnostic measures in a hospital. Hospitalization times vary greatly. The minimum hospital stay in children with extremely low body weight is 14 days, but, as a rule, the periods are longer and average several months.

Should I be afraid for my child?

If you are worried that your child is not growing enough or is gaining weight, remember that many factors can slow your child's growth and weight. For example, children who are formula-fed compared to children on breast milk differ in the dynamics of weight and height indicators.

Genetics also play a big role. If the parents are thin and short, their children may also be smaller than their peers from tall parents.

As a rule, during the first month of life, a child eats from 8 to 12 times a day approximately 60 ml. milk for feeding. After two to three months of age, the number of feedings per day decreases to 6-8 times, but the amount of milk consumed increases. At 4 months, a child needs to consume about 900 ml for normal development. milk per day.

Your pediatrician will be able to identify the problem of insufficient weight gain or stunted growth at regular visits during the first year of a child's life. Also, parents can periodically weigh the child at home for more detailed monitoring.

When should you seek help?

If you notice that your child has stopped gaining weight or has a significant decrease in appetite, contact your pediatrician for advice. Children of preschool and primary school age may refuse to eat, but this should not be observed in children of the first year of life! If you are having difficulty feeding your baby, seek the advice of your doctor. When a child of the first year of life refuses to eat, parents can resort to many different means, including pharmacological ones, to increase appetite. Do not do this, as these actions can exacerbate the problem and become an additional source of stress for you and your child.

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