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Home » Misc » How many vaccines does a child get by age 18

How many vaccines does a child get by age 18


2022 children’s vaccine schedule by age

Every year, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) publishes recommended childhood vaccination schedules. Why are schedules created? Because the timing and spacing of immunizations are really important for the best possible protection against preventable diseases.

Kids’ immune systems are more vulnerable to illness and disease, and vaccination schedules are scientifically designed by top infectious disease experts and doctors with this in mind. The goal is to protect kids from vaccine-preventable diseases as early and as safely as possible.

Below, we cover how many vaccines are recommended for children and when, an overview of the current schedule changes, and a list of vaccine recommendations by age group. We also answer questions around COVID-19 vaccines for children and teens.

How many vaccines do kids get if the childhood immunization schedule is followed?

There is a wide range of vaccines – some requiring multiple doses at specific ages and times – that are recommended from birth to 18 years old. Recommended vaccines include:

  • Influenza (annual flu shot)
  • Diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (DTaP)
  • Tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap “booster” for adolescents)
  • Poliovirus (IPV)
  • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)
  • Varicella (Chickenpox)
  • Pneumococcal (PCV)
  • Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
  • Rotavirus
  • Hepatitis B (Hep B)
  • Hepatitis A (Hep A)
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV)
  • Meningococcal (MenACWY)
  • Meningococcal B (MenB)**

**MenB is recommended for specific populations only. If you have questions, ask your child’s doctor.

What changes have been made to the child vaccine schedule in 2022?

For 2022, the pediatric immunization schedule has been updated to include dengue vaccination recommendations for children living in areas with high rates of dengue fever (such as Puerto Rico and American Samoa) who have previously caught it. The schedule was also updated to include the latest recommendations for the MMR, varicella and hib vaccines. In addition, information about “special situations” was added for the hep B, HPV and MenACWY vaccines. If you have specific questions about 2022 schedule updates and how they relate to your kid’s vaccination schedule, talk with your child’s doctor.

The CDC’s Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) meets three times a year to review the latest scientific research and make any necessary changes to the child vaccination schedule. The CDC officially sets the schedule based on ACIP’s recommendations, and the schedule is also approved by organizations like the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and the American Association of Family Physicians (AAFP).

The CDC’s 2022 childhood vaccination schedule: A list of immunizations by age

The flu shot: An annual immunization for children starting at 6 months old

The flu vaccine – or influenza vaccine – may be the most well-known of all immunizations. That’s because it’s one of the longest-running vaccines in the United States, with the first of its kind being approved for widespread use in 1945.

While influenza viruses circulate year-round, flu cases peak in the fall and winter months nearly every year. Flu shots help protect against the types of influenza viruses that research indicates will be most common that season. That’s why the CDC recommends annual flu shots for everyone by the end of October – including kids 6 months and older.

When children receive their first flu shot, the vaccine is delivered in two doses, given at least one month apart. After that first pair of doses, just one shot is needed each year.

Baby vaccine schedule: Recommended immunizations for children ages 0 to 18 months

When do babies get their first shots? Staying on track with childhood immunizations starts early, with immunizations beginning at birth and coinciding with baby and child wellness schedules.

Remember, baby and child vaccination schedules are made with young immune systems in mind. If you have specific questions about when or why specific childhood vaccines are recommended for your newborn baby, infant or toddler, talk with your child’s doctor.

An overview of immunizations for newborns to 18-month-olds
  • Hep B – Many new parents wonder what vaccines are given at birth, and just one "newborn vaccine" is recommended right away: the first dose of hepatitis B. The first dose is recommended early on in case mothers are knowingly or unknowingly hepatitis B positive. The hep B vaccine schedule requires three doses in total. The second dose is recommended when your child is between 1 and 2 months old, and the third dose is recommended between 6 and 18 months.
  • Rotavirus – Depending on the manufacturer of the vaccine, your child may need two or three doses of the rotavirus vaccine, with the first dose being given at 2 months old and the second at 4 months old. If needed, the third dose is given at 6 months old. It’s important to note that this vaccine cannot be given after 8 months of age, so following the recommended schedule is especially important to ensure your child is protected.
  • DTaP – The diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine requires five doses. The first four are recommended at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and between 15 and 18 months old.
  • Hib – Depending on the manufacturer of the vaccine, your child may need three or four doses of the haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine. If three doses are needed, shots are given at 2 months, 4 months, and between 12 and 15 months old. If four doses are needed, kids also receive a dose at 6 months old.
  • PCV – The pneumococcal vaccine is a series of four doses taking place at 2 months, 4 months, 6 months, and between 12 and 15 months old.
  • IPV – The poliovirus vaccine is another four-dose series. The first three are recommended at 2 months, 4 months, and between 6 and 18 months old.
  • MMR – The measles, mumps and rubella vaccine is given in two doses. The schedule recommends the first MMR vaccine dose be given between 12 and 15 months old.
  • Varicella – The chickenpox vaccine is also given in two doses, with the first shot taking place between 12 and 15 months old.
  • Hep A – Like several other important vaccines, the hepatitis A vaccine requires two doses. The first dose is recommended at 12 months old.

Recommended childhood vaccines for ages 4 to 6 years old

The recommended shots for kids between the ages of 4 and 6 years old are often called “kindergarten vaccines.” That’s because kids are often required to be up to date on their immunizations to start attending elementary school. No new vaccines are introduced at this time, but oftentimes vaccines are given as combinations.

For example, DTaP and IPV can be given in a single shot. MMR and varicella vaccines can also be combined into a single immunization. These vaccines are just as effective when given together, and it cuts down on the number of shots kids need.

An overview of immunizations for kids ages 4 to 6 years old
  • DTaP – The fifth and final diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis vaccine is recommended when your child is between 4 and 6 years old.
  • IPV – The fourth and final poliovirus vaccine is recommended when your child is between 4 and 6 years old.
  • MMR – The second and final dose of the measles, mumps and rubella vaccine is also recommended when your child is between 4 and 6 years old.
  • Varicella – The second and final dose of the chickenpox vaccine is also recommended when your child is between 4 and 6 years old.

Recommended childhood vaccines for ages 11 to 12 years old

The immunizations that are recommended at this age (“middle school shots”) are for diseases that teens and young adults are at higher risk for – plus one “booster” dose to strengthen immunity for three diseases. Your child’s annual wellness visit or back-to-school checkup is the perfect time to get these vaccines.

An overview of immunizations for kids ages 11 to 12 years old
  • Tdap – At this age, this immunization is what’s commonly referred to as a “booster shot” because it boosts your child’s tetanus, diphtheria and pertussis immunity. While related to the DTaP vaccine kids receive during childhood, this vaccine is formulated for adolescents and adults.
  • MenACWY – The first of two meningococcal vaccine doses is recommended sometime between 11 and 12 years old. This vaccine protects against the most common types of meningococcal bacteria (often the cause of meningitis) that affect adolescents.
  • HPV – While in some cases doctors may recommend the human papillomavirus vaccine as early as age 9, this vaccine is routinely recommended to begin between 11 and 12 years old. If the initial vaccination is completed before age 14, just two doses are needed. The second dose should be completed 6 to 12 months after the first dose. (If the initial vaccination is completed at age 15 or older, three doses are needed at specific intervals.)

Recommended immunizations for teens ages 16 to 18 years old

Between the ages of 16 and 18, there is one regularly recommended immunization and one immunization that may be recommended under certain circumstances.

An overview of immunizations for teens ages 16 to 18 years old
  • MenACWY – The second and final meningococcal vaccine shot is recommended at 16 years old.
  • MenB – The meningococcal B vaccine is recommended under specific circumstances, specifically if a college or university requires students to have this vaccination, or if a bacterial meningitis outbreak has occurred. The vaccine is given in two doses between the ages of 16 and 18. Once the first dose is given, the timing of the second dose is dependent on the manufacturer of the vaccine.

When are COVID-19 vaccines recommended for children and teenagers?

Everyone 6 months old and older can now get the COVID-19 vaccine. While the CDC has not added COVID-19 vaccines to their official childhood or adolescent vaccination schedules, they’re encouraging all eligible kids, teens and adults to be vaccinated as soon as they can.

If you have concerns about vaccinating your child, talk with your child’s doctor or read this resource on COVID-19 vaccines for kids and teens where we answer questions such as:

  • Should my child get the COVID-19 vaccine or other recommended vaccines first?
  • Can my child receive the COVID-19 vaccine alongside other vaccines?
  • How do I talk to my kid or teen about getting a COVID-19 vaccine?

If your child is ready to get the COVID-19 vaccine, you can make an immunization appointment online

What should I do if my child is behind on their vaccination schedule?

Don’t worry. There are catch-up recommendations in place. But since each vaccine has its own guidelines, talk with your child’s doctor to make a plan for getting back on schedule. They can talk with you about your child’s medical and immunization history, give you more information on specific vaccines and catch-up guidelines, and discuss any concerns or questions you may have.

Are there any reasons not to vaccinate my child?

Yes. There are times when some children should not get certain vaccines, or they should wait. For example, if your child has any severe, life-threatening allergies, they’ve had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of vaccines, or they’re moderately or severely ill, their doctor may recommend not getting or delaying a specific vaccination.

When it comes to getting your child vaccinated against COVID-19, you don’t need to delay vaccination unless you, your child or someone in your household is experiencing COVID-19 symptoms.

While staying on track with all immunizations is important, making sure your child has their annual flu shot will be especially important this year. Now that many COVID-19 health and safety guidelines have been removed, your child will likely be spending more time close to others indoors – where flu viruses can thrive during cold and dry winter weather. Flu shots are typically available starting in early September.

Questions about when and why to vaccinate your child? Talk with a doctor.

If you have questions, we have answers. We have a team of family medicine doctors and pediatricians who are experts in kids’ health. They can talk with you about specific vaccines, walk you through the vaccination schedule, make recommendations based on your child’s medical and immunization history, and more.

If your child is due for their next round of shots or you need to get them caught up, make an appointment at a HealthPartners or Park Nicollet clinic near you.

Childhood Vaccine Schedule: Vaccines By Age

Your baby will receive their first dose of Hepatitis B (HepB) at birth.

What is the childhood immunization schedule?

The childhood immunization schedule, or childhood vaccine schedule, is the list of common vaccines the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends most children should receive. Immunization is a way to protect your child from getting many different infections and diseases. Many of these illnesses spread easily from child to child and can cause serious health problems. They can even cause death.

When should my child get immunized?

Your child should receive their first doses of most vaccines during their first two years of life. They may need several doses of the vaccines to reach full protection. For example, the CDC recommends children receive their first dose of the measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine at 12 months of age or older. They should then receive a second dose before entering elementary school (about 4 to 6 years of age). Your baby can get their childhood vaccines at their regularly scheduled well-baby checkups.

How many vaccines do children get?

By the age of 15 months, your baby may receive up to 10 different types of vaccines. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends all healthy babies receive these initial vaccines. Your child may receive additional doses and other vaccines between the ages of 15 months and 16 years old. If your child has a chronic condition or a weakened immune system, their pediatrician may recommend a different schedule.

What are the different types of vaccines?

The following vaccines can help protect your child from serious infection or disease.

Hepatitis B (HepB)

The hepatitis B vaccine can help protect your child against hepatitis B. The newborn vaccine schedule includes three doses of the HepB vaccine. Your newborn will generally receive their first dose within 12 hours of birth. They’ll receive their second dose at 1 to 2 months of age and their third dose between 6 and 18 months of age. Slight variations in this schedule are possible based on the birthing parent’s hepatitis B surface antigen status and the potential use of combination vaccines.

Rotavirus (RV)

The rotavirus vaccine can help protect your child against rotavirus. Rotavirus is a viral infection that can cause fever, vomiting and diarrhea. Your child will receive the rotavirus vaccine in two (Rotarix®) or three (RotaTeq®) doses, starting at age 2 months.

Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP)

The DTaP vaccine can help protect your child against diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis. Baby vaccines include five doses of the DTaP combination vaccine. Your baby will receive their first dose at 2 months of age and their second at 4 months of age. They’ll receive their third dose at 6 months, their fourth dose between 15 and 18 months of age and their fifth dose between 4 and 6 years of age.

Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)

The Hib vaccine can help protect your child against the most common type of Haemophilus influenzae bacteria. Your child will receive three to four doses of the Hib vaccine, depending on the brand. They’ll receive their first dose at 2 months of age and their second dose at 4 months of age. They’ll possibly receive a third dose at 6 months of age. They’ll then receive their final dose between 12 and 15 months of age. Slight variations in this schedule are possible.

Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13)

The PCV13 vaccine can help protect your child against pneumococcus bacterial infections. These infections include pneumonia and meningitis. Your child will receive four doses of the PCV13 vaccine. They’ll receive their first dose at 2 months of age and their second dose at 4 months of age. They’ll receive their third dose at 6 months of age and their fourth dose between 12 and 15 months of age.

Inactivated poliovirus (IPV)

The inactivated poliovirus (IPV) vaccine can help protect your child against infections of polio. Your child will receive four doses of the IPV vaccine. They’ll receive their first dose at 2 months of age and their second dose at 4 months of age. They’ll receive their third dose between 6 and 18 months of age and their fourth dose between 4 and 6 years of age.

Influenza

The influenza virus vaccine can help protect your child against the flu (influenza). Your child may get the influenza vaccine each year. They may receive one or two doses. They may receive their first dose at 6 months old and their second dose at least 1 month later.

Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR)

The measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine can help protect your child against measles, mumps and rubella. Your child will receive two doses of the MMR combination vaccine. They’ll receive their first dose between 12 and 15 months of age and their second dose between 4 and 6 years of age. The MMR vaccine may be combined with the VAR vaccine (MMRV).

Varicella (VAR)

The chickenpox (varicella) vaccine can help protect your child against chickenpox. Your child will receive two doses of the varicella vaccine. They’ll receive their first dose between 12 and 15 months of age and their second dose between 4 and 6 years of age. The varicella vaccine may be combined with the MMR vaccine (MMRV).

Hepatitis A (HepA)

The hepatitis A vaccine can help protect your child against hepatitis A. Hepatitis A is a type of liver disease. Your child will receive the HepA vaccine as a two-dose series. Your child will receive their first dose between 12 and 23 months and their second dose at least six months later.

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

The HPV vaccine can help protect your child against diseases caused by certain types of human papillomavirus (HPV). These diseases include:

  • Precancerous cervical, vaginal and vulvar lesions.
  • Genital warts.
  • Cancers including cervical cancer, anal cancer, penile cancer and head and neck cancer.

If your child is aged 15 or over, they’ll receive the HPV vaccine in three doses. They’ll receive their second dose two months after their first dose. They’ll receive their final dose six months after their first dose.

Children who start the HPV vaccine before they turn 15 years old only need two doses, given six to 12 months apart. This is because younger immune systems generate more immunity.

Meningococcal

The meningococcal vaccine can help protect your child against meningococcal disease. Meningococcal disease is a serious bacterial infection that can cause meningitis. Meningitis is severe swelling of your brain and spinal cord. It can also lead to sepsis, a dangerous and potentially life-threatening blood infection.

Other vaccines

Your child’s pediatrician may recommend additional vaccines if your child is at a high risk of certain infections or diseases. They’ll also provide a revised vaccination schedule if your child has missed any vaccine doses during their recommended time frames.

What ages do kids get shots?

The infant vaccine schedule starts at birth. Your newborn will receive their first shots within their first months of life. Your child may receive certain vaccines within a range of ages. The following represents one recommended child vaccine schedule. Your child’s pediatrician may follow different guidelines. You should speak with your child’s pediatrician about which vaccines your child should receive and when. The recommended vaccines by age include:

Birth vaccine

Vaccines for babies include their first doses of Hepatitis B (HepB).

  • Hepatitis B (HepB).
1- to 2-month vaccine
  • Hepatitis B (HepB).
2-month vaccines

Babies get several shots at 2 months of age. The DTaP vaccine schedule starts at 2 months. Your baby will get their first dose of:

  • Rotavirus (RV).
  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP).
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
  • Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).
  • Inactivated poliovirus (IPV).
4-month vaccines

For their 4-month shots, babies get a second dose of the vaccines they received at their 2-month appointment. These include:

  • Rotavirus (RV).
  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP).
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
  • Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).
  • Inactivated poliovirus (IPV).
6-month vaccines

At 6 months of age, your child may start to receive the influenza vaccine annually. In addition, your child may or may not need a third dose of the RV and Hib vaccines, depending on the brand your child’s healthcare provider used for their previous doses.

  • Influenza.
  • Rotavirus (RV).
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP).
  • Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).
6- to 18-month vaccines

The timing of your baby’s third dose of these vaccines will depend on their healthcare provider’s recommendation. Six- to 18-month shots may include:

  • Hepatitis B (HepB).
  • Inactivated poliovirus (IPV).
12- to 15-month vaccines

Your child will receive their first dose of MMR and varicella after they’ve hit their first birthday. Twelve- to 15-month shots include:

  • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
  • Varicella (VAR).
  • Haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib).
  • Pneumococcal conjugate (PCV13).
12- to 23-month vaccine

Your baby’s 12-month vaccines may include the first in a two-dose series of hepatitis A. They may receive the second vaccine at 2 years old.

  • Hepatitis A (HepA).
15- to 18-month vaccine

Your baby will receive one shot during this time frame, their fourth dose of DTaP.

  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP).
4- to 6-year vaccines

Between 4 and 6 years old, your child may receive the following shots:

  • Diphtheria, tetanus and acellular pertussis (DTaP).
  • Inactivated poliovirus (IPV).
  • Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR).
  • Varicella (VAR).
11- to 12-year vaccines

Your child gets to wait a bit before their next round of vaccines.

  • Tetanus, diphtheria and acellular pertussis (Tdap) booster.
  • Human papillomavirus (HPV).
  • Meningococcal.
16-year vaccine

Your 16-year-old should receive their second dose of meningococcal.

  • Meningococcal.

Are the vaccines safe?

Yes. Vaccines for childhood diseases are very safe. Sometimes, a vaccine will cause mild side effects such as a sore arm or leg or a low fever. A bad side effect isn’t likely to happen. Childhood diseases are a greater health risk to children than vaccines are. Ask your child’s healthcare provider to tell you about the risks and side effects.

When shouldn’t my child be vaccinated?

In a few cases, it's better to wait to get a vaccine. Some children who are very sick shouldn’t get a vaccine at all. Reasons your child should wait or not get a vaccine may include:

  • Being sick with something more serious than a cold.
  • Having a bad reaction after the first dose of a vaccine.
  • Having sudden jerky body movements (convulsions), possibly caused by a vaccine.

What vaccinations are given before school at the age of 7

School for a child is a completely new stage in his life. During this period, the baby especially needs support and care.

Studying carries not only psychological and physical stress, it can also affect the health of a child who has not yet adapted to new conditions. In addition, at school, as a place where a large number of children gather, there is a risk of infection with various infections.

School is a place where infections can spread very quickly. Therefore, infections with high contagiousness, such as influenza, measles, rubella, parotitis (mumps), and chicken pox, become especially dangerous here. Vaccinations are meant to help prevent them, however, it is important to remember that only a doctor can determine the correct vaccination schedule and, if necessary, make appropriate recommendations.

According to the National immunization calendar (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of March 21, 2014 N 125n National immunization calendar of the Russian Federation and the immunization schedule for epidemic indications), by age At 6-7 years of age, the child should receive the following routine vaccinations:

  • four vaccinations against pertussis, diphtheria, tetanus at 3-4. 5-6 and 18 months of age,

  • five vaccinations against poliomyelitis at 3-4.5-6, 18 and 20 months of age;

  • one vaccination against measles, rubella, mumps and three vaccinations against hepatitis B;

  • from the age of 6 months, the child is recommended to be vaccinated against influenza annually.

At the age of 6-7 years, before entering a new team (school), a series of re-vaccinations (revaccinations) is carried out according to the National calendar:

To further protect your child, you can discuss vaccinations against other infections with your doctor, such as chickenpox, pneumococcal infection, influenza, hepatitis A.

In addition, in accordance with the National Immunization Schedule, in regions endemic for viral tick-borne encephalitis, before the onset of spring, children are vaccinated against tick-borne encephalitis.

Chickenpox

Chickenpox is highly contagious, can be severe, and a school outbreak usually requires quarantine. For students, this means missing classes.

Pneumococcal

Such vaccination is generally recommended for children with chronic illnesses and those who are often ill to reduce the risk of developing severe respiratory infections.

Flu

This vaccination is carried out annually in the fall. Influenza can be severe and have complications in the form of pneumonia.

Hepatitis A (infectious jaundice, dirty hands disease)

At school, children often begin to use the cafeteria and public toilets for the first time, which increases the risk of intestinal infections, which include hepatitis A.

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2022 vaccination schedule for children

I have been blogging about vaccinations since 2018. During this time, about 400 publications and more than 120 thousand readers appeared in it.

Antonina Oblasova

knows everything about vaccinations

Author profile

This year, together with two like-minded people, we founded the non-profit organization Collective Immunity. Its goal is to support and develop vaccine prevention in Russia, help parents understand this issue and defend the rights of their children to be protected from infections.

In this article, I will tell you about which infections children in Russia can be vaccinated against, which of them are available free of charge at the clinic, which you will have to pay for, and what difficulties you may encounter in the process of childhood vaccination. As examples, there are real cases from the life of readers of my blog.

Go see a doctor

Our articles are written with love for evidence-based medicine. We refer to authoritative sources and go to doctors with a good reputation for comments. But remember: the responsibility for your health lies with you and your doctor. We don't write prescriptions, we make recommendations. Relying on our point of view or not is up to you.

What is vaccination

Vaccination is a way to get immunity to an infection without getting sick. Even contagious diseases that can be treated with antibiotics often do not go according to plan and can worsen long-term health. They are especially dangerous for children: before the widespread introduction of vaccination, many of them died of smallpox, diphtheria or whooping cough before they reached the age of five. Today such cases are rare.

Vaccinations are available against a wide variety of infections, including exotic ones, such as Japanese encephalitis. There are also vaccinations against diseases well known from history textbooks, such as plague and cholera. But for any parent, the diseases that their child - and they themselves - may encounter in everyday life are much more relevant.

Most of these diseases are mentioned in a document called "The National Immunization Calendar of the Russian Federation". It defines the list of infections that can be vaccinated against at public expense.

Order of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation No. 125n "On approval of the national calendar of preventive vaccinations and the calendar of preventive vaccinations according to epidemic indications"

However, this list is far from complete. With the help of vaccinations, a child can be protected from a greater number of infections. The problem is that parents often find out about vaccines for meningococcus or chickenpox after the child is sick.

What vaccinations can be done in the clinic for free

There are 11 infectious diseases in the national calendar, against which every child in our country can be vaccinated for free in a maternity hospital or children's clinic. Most of these vaccinations occur at the age of up to a year, another part is done at 15-20 months.

What vaccinations will the child get free of charge

Disease At what age do they get vaccinated
Hepatitis B B 0; one; 6 months for normal children
B 0; one; 2; 12 months for children at risk
Tuberculosis Days 3-7 of life
Pneumococcal infection B2; 4.5; 15 months
Whooping cough B 3; 4. 5; 6; 18 months
Diphtheria B 3; 4.5, 6; 18 months
Tetanus B 3; 4.5; 6; 18 months
  • tuberculosis - on the 3rd-7th day of life;
  • pneumococcal infection - in 2; 4.5; 15 months;
  • whooping cough - in 3; 4.5; 6; 18 months;
  • diphtheria - in 3; 4.5, 6; 18 months;
  • tetanus - in 3; 4.5; 6; 18 months;
  • poliomyelitis - B 3; 4.5; 6; eighteen; 20 months;
  • measles at 12 months;
  • rubella - at 12 months;
  • parotitis - at 12 months;
  • influenza - seasonal, starting from 6 months.
  • In addition to this list, some children may also receive the Haemophilus influenzae type B vaccine. This vaccine is available for children:

    1. With diseases of the nervous system, such as neuromuscular dystrophies, hydrocephalus, convulsions due to temperature.
    2. With cancer or long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
    3. Born to mothers with HIV infection and just for children with HIV infection.
    4. With immunodeficiency conditions or anatomical defects that lead to a sharply increased risk of haemophilus influenzae infection. For example, it is asplenia, cochlear implantation.
    5. With anomalies in the development of the intestine.
    6. Premature and small.
    7. In children's homes.

    In addition, children from these categories, instead of the live polio vaccine prescribed by the national calendar in the form of drops in the mouth, should be given an inactivated one - by injection into the thigh or shoulder.

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    Other things you can get vaccinated against

    On their own initiative, parents can give their children a few more shots during the first two years of life. You almost always have to pay for them out of your own pocket.

    These vaccinations are not included in the national calendar, but it is important for a parent to know about them.

    What else can a child be vaccinated against: vaccination table for children under one year old by months

    666
    Disease At what age do they get vaccinated
    Rotavirus infection B2; 3 and 4.5 months
    Haemophilus influenzae type B if the child is not eligible for free due to health reasons B 3; 4.5; 6 and 18 months
    meningococcal infection from 9 months: 2 doses with an interval of 3 months
    from 24 months: 1 dose
    Windle from 12 months: 2 doses with 6 weeks of 6 weeks
    Hepatitis A from 12 months: 2 doses with an interval of 6 months
    tick -borne encephalitis, if the child lives in the endemic zone or plans to visit it from 12 months: 2 doses with an interval of 1 month

    of these. vaccinations can be given to the child additionally:

    • rotavirus infection - B 2; 3 and 4.5 months;
    • Haemophilus influenzae type B, if the child is not entitled to free for health reasons - B 3; 4.5; 6 and 18 months;
    • meningococcal infection - from 9 months: 2 doses 3 months apart; from 24 months: 1 dose;
    • varicella - from 12 months: 2 doses at intervals of 6 weeks or more;
    • hepatitis A - from 12 months: 2 doses with an interval of 6 months or more;
    • tick-borne encephalitis, if the child lives in or plans to visit an endemic area - from 12 months: 2 doses at intervals of 1 month. What are complex vaccines? Comprehensive vaccines reduce the number of injections and allow you to travel less often for vaccinations.

      For example, at 6 months, the ideal scenario would be for a child to be vaccinated against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio, hepatitis B, and Haemophilus influenzae. In the polyclinic, you will be offered to give two injections and, in addition, to instill the vaccine in the form of drops into your mouth, and to be vaccinated against hemophilic infection separately in a private clinic is plus one more injection.

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      Which vaccines are better - domestic or imported

      Many different vaccines from different manufacturers are available in Russia. Most of them are domestically produced, some are supplied from abroad. At the same time, parents do not always have a choice, even if they are willing to pay. Many domestic vaccines simply do not have an imported analogue, for example, a tuberculosis vaccine. In the same way, some imported vaccines, for example, against chicken pox or meningococcal infection, cannot be replaced with domestic ones, since we simply do not make drugs with a similar composition.

      Overview of vaccines available in Russia for children under two years of age, compiled by the staff of Herd Immunity

      I believe that the best vaccine is the one that is indicated for the child by age and is available. In the pursuit of the best vaccines, you can lose time, and as a result, the child will remain completely unvaccinated, which means vulnerable to infection.

      How much does it cost to vaccinate a child in a private clinic

      If you are unlucky with a local pediatrician and every trip to the clinic is stressful for you and your child, then you can completely refuse vaccination at public expense and get all vaccinations in a private clinic.

      Unfortunately, a paid pediatrician can also be incompetent, require unnecessary tests and examinations before vaccination, administer only one vaccination at a time, and give false medical excuses. So for starters, you should take care of finding a good specialist.

      False medical exemption is when a doctor says that it is impossible to vaccinate now, because he has identified a contraindication for vaccination in a child. At the same time, the deviation in the state of health, which was revealed by the doctor, is not an objective reason for refusing to be vaccinated

      Vaccination in a private clinic is also expensive. In an ideal situation, when a child receives all the necessary vaccinations on time and does not get sick, during the first 20 months of his life, he will have to visit a doctor about 11 times. Each appointment with a pediatrician will cost, depending on the region, 1000-3500 R and more. The cost of vaccines also varies. For example, "Menactra" - a vaccination against meningococcal infection - a resident of Moscow will cost about 7500 R, in Barnaul or St. Petersburg you can meet 5000 R, but it's still a lot.

      I made a plate with the optimal vaccination schedule in private clinics and calculated the approximate budget for parents from Moscow and Perm. With its help, you can calculate the cost of all vaccinations for your child from birth to 20 months.

      134,250 R

      the cost of vaccinating a child in a private clinic in Moscow

      These are the prices I got for vaccination in the capital.

      Vaccination of a child in a private clinic in Moscow will cost 134,250 R

      111106
      Service Cost
      Whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio and Haemophilus influenzae vaccine, 4 doses 24 750 R
      Vaccination from meningococcal infection, 2 doses 15 000 R
      Vaccination from pneumococcal infection, 4 doses 140111 4000 Р
      Hepatitis B vaccination, 2 doses 2000 R

      Vaccination against whooping cough, diphtheria, tetanus, polio and hemophilus infection, 4 doses

      24,750 R

      Vaccination against meningococcal infection, 2 doses

      15,000 R

      Vaccination against pneumococcal infection, 4 doses

      14 000 R

      Vaccination from rotavirus infection, 3 doses

      13 500 r

      Vaccination from chickenpox, 2 doses

      12 000 R

      Vaccinations from hepatitis A, 2 doses

      7000 R

      Waccination dated tick -borne encephalitis, primary course, 2 doses

      6000 r

      Vaccination for measles, rubella and mumps, 2 doses

      5000 R

      Dose

      4000 R

      Vaccination from hepatitis B, 2 doses 9 doses

      3000 Р

      Mantoux test, 1 pc.

      2000 R

      Similar services in a private clinic in Perm, according to my calculations, will cost the parent almost twice as much - 71,800 R. But for many parents, even this amount will be unbearable.

      Is it always necessary to pay extra for vaccinations

      In addition to the national vaccination calendar, there are regional vaccination calendars and programs. This is when, at the expense of additional funding from the regional budget and other sources, the authorities provide residents with vaccines that are not included in the main list.

      Let's take, for example, the regional calendar of Moscow. In the capital, in an ordinary clinic, two-month-old babies will be offered free vaccinations against rotavirus infection, and at 12 months against chickenpox, in addition to the national calendar.

      Perm regional vaccination calendar

      Chelyabinsk region regional vaccination calendar

      In some cities, for example, in St. Petersburg, the supply of polyclinics with certain vaccines can vary greatly from district to district, and sometimes even from polyclinic to polyclinic. Before you go with your child for a paid vaccination, just in case, check with your local pediatrician if it is possible to get one or another vaccination for free. If he doesn't know, go directly to the vaccination office and ask there. You can also try to find out this question from an immunologist or an infectious disease specialist.

      Many polyclinics maintain pages on social networks. You can try asking a question there. If you don’t like knocking on thresholds, write a request addressed to the head doctor or the head of the clinic. Written appeals often have a greater effect than verbal inquiries, because you are obliged to answer them.

      An example of a written application addressed to the head doctor, which my reader sent to get a free vaccination against meningococcal infection from the clinic for her son

      How not to go broke on vaccinations

      If you cannot pay for absolutely all vaccinations or there is no one to pay, because a pediatrician in the only private clinic in the city understands vaccination worse than you, I advise you to combine the possibilities of free and paid medicine.

      Find out which vaccines are available at your polyclinic for all children and if any of them are out of date. It will be convenient to do this during a preventive examination of the child, which is carried out when he turns one month old. For example, in many clinics, the first two doses of the pertussis, diphtheria and tetanus vaccine are made with the complex Pentaxim, and not DTP. And sometimes Pentaxim is administered throughout the entire course of vaccination. If this is the case in your clinic, it makes no sense to overpay for the services of private clinics.

      /privivki/

      How much does it cost to vaccinate a child? It also makes no sense to pay for it: in private clinics, the vaccines are exactly the same.

      Some polyclinics offer paid services, including paid vaccinations. Find out about this possibility, it will also help save on additional vaccines.

      Get your child vaccinated at the public health clinic with self-purchased vaccines. If for some reason the vaccines available at the clinic do not suit you, it is not necessary to spend money on a visit to a private clinic. By law, you can buy an analogue in a pharmacy and bring it to a clinic so that the vaccine is administered to a child there. It is cheaper than getting vaccinated at a private center.

      p. 3 art. 12 of the Law "On Immunoprophylaxis of Infectious Diseases"

      In many polyclinics, the process is so well established that you only need to pay for the vaccine at the pharmacy, and then it will be delivered to the polyclinic without your participation. This is true both for vaccines from the national calendar and for additional vaccinations that your child is not entitled to for free.

      Not all clinics are enthusiastic about this idea: you may encounter resistance from doctors. Nevertheless, it is worth trying to reach an agreement. Discuss this possibility with your local pediatrician.

      Do part of the vaccinations for a fee, part - according to compulsory health insurance. If the clinic staff flatly refuses to administer to the child any vaccines other than those prescribed by the MHI, there is another way to combine private and public vaccination services.

      /oms/

      How the MHI policy works

      You can have your child vaccinated on the same day at two different locations. For example, at 2 months in the morning you will get a free vaccination against pneumococcal infection in the clinic, and in the afternoon you will schedule a visit to a private center and vaccinate your baby against rotavirus infection. I don’t see any point in paying also for a pneumococcal vaccine in a private clinic, if it is given in the clinic with the same drug, Prevenar-13. Such a scheme will require you to organize and plan, but you will significantly save time and money.

      Keep in mind: the instructions for Prevenar-13 say that it is better for a child of the first year of life to administer three doses of the vaccine, and not two, as indicated in the national calendar. Most likely, they will not give you an additional dose of Prevenar for free in the clinic. You will have to buy it at your own expense and administer it either at a clinic by agreement with a doctor, or at a private medical center.

      One of the pages of my daughter's vaccination certificate. Some of the vaccines, such as Prevenar against pneumococcal infection, we made in the clinic. They were vaccinated against influenza in a private medical center, and against tick-borne encephalitis - partly in a polyclinic, partly for a fee, since the clinic refused to revaccinate earlier than a year after the second dose. In the vaccination office, information about the vaccinations made is entered into this certificate. The certificate is stored with the parent

      What are the problems with vaccinating children according to MHI

      Vaccination is a fairly logical process, for which there is a clear schedule and regulations. But parents who want to vaccinate their child according to all the rules in a state clinic sometimes face unexpected obstacles.

      No information. Moms and dads run the risk of missing the vaccination deadline because no one explains to them what vaccinations and when they should give their child according to the calendar.

      One of the readers of my blog said that she learned about the free pneumococcal vaccine from her sister, not from the pediatrician. The clinic didn't even offer vaccinations. When she asked to be vaccinated, she was refused, saying that she had to wait until the child was two years old - then one dose of the vaccine was enough for vaccination. She was told nothing at all about the possibility of being vaccinated against meningitis.

      Ignorance of standard schemes and principles of catch-up vaccination. If the vaccination schedule has been violated for some reason, then it will be difficult to achieve the prescribed vaccinations. How schemes change depending on age, many doctors simply do not know, and often do not even know the standard scheme, misleading the parent.

      My blog post about the principles of catch-up vaccination

      Lack of vaccines. Unfortunately, sometimes the vaccines that should be available according to the national calendar are simply not available at the polyclinic.

      Limited selection. A certain list of vaccines is delivered to the polyclinic. Vaccines beyond the calendar, even if they are available at the clinic, are rarely offered to parents: often the doctors themselves do not know why they are needed, or do not see the advisability of additional vaccinations.

      Another reader of mine from Perm asked in a children's clinic about the Varilrix vaccine against chickenpox. The nurse in the vaccination room said that there is a vaccine, even a few packages, but only because of the expiration date they must be disposed of. It was March 2, the expiration date of the vaccines ended "in March 2020". The instructions for the vaccine itself say that the expiration date is the last day of the month indicated on the package. The reader knew about this and enlightened the nurse. She replied: “I don’t know anything, that’s how we were taught,” and in front of the patient, she threw all the Varilrix packages into the trash can.

      Unnecessary tests and examinations before vaccination. If nothing bothers the pediatrician when examining the child and talking with the parents, he should not prescribe tests and additional examinations. Not a single order prescribes taking blood and urine from a child or undergoing examinations by narrow specialists such as a neurologist for admission to vaccination. But often parents are forced to do this - for reinsurance or to fulfill the plan for additional services if it is vaccination in a private clinic. Some of the mothers and fathers, having received a list of such referrals, prefer not to be vaccinated at all.

      /analyz/

      You have the right to free medical insurance tests

      False medical taps. A child may be denied vaccination for a variety of reasons. A common cause is asymptomatic abnormalities in test results, benign neonatal jaundice, mild SARS. Atopic dermatitis, suspected allergy, history of prematurity, or neurological features can also cause long-term refusal of vaccination. Such medical exemptions from vaccinations often indicate the incompetence of a pediatrician.

      ch. 13 guidelines "Medical contraindications for preventive vaccinations with preparations of the national vaccination schedule"

      The son of my reader from Tver was born on time, healthy. He had a hemangioma on his shoulder. Doctors at the maternity hospital told me to wait with vaccinations, the child's mother trusted them. Already at home, she began to read about hemangiomas and realized that this was a false medical exemption from vaccination. But in the polyclinic, her son also refused to be vaccinated: “What are you, mommy, how do we do BCG, there is a hemangioma nearby!” The reader tried to get vaccinated at a paid medical center, but also to no avail.

      As a result, only when her son was 9 months old, the woman found an intelligent surgeon who wrote a “note” that the child could be vaccinated, and after that the pediatrician let him in for vaccination. At 10 months, the child received BCG, and then all other vaccinations, including those that are not included in the calendar. The hemangioma disappeared on its own by the age of 2 years.

      It will help to insist on vaccination in such a situation by referring to the guidelines on contraindications to vaccination and to the section "Contraindications" in the instructions for the vaccine.

      /prava/doctor/

      Patient's rights when contacting a doctor

      How to find out about true contraindications to vaccination

      Ask your pediatrician or immunization office which vaccine is used in the clinic.

      Download the annotation for the vaccine on the manufacturer's website or on the website of the State Register of Medicines. For example, here is the instruction for the Pentaxim vaccine on the manufacturer's website, it is also on the GRLS website.

      Read the "Contraindications" section. If your child does not have any of the diseases or health features listed there, he should be vaccinated.

      The instructions on the website of the Pentaxima manufacturer contain all the information about contraindications to vaccination. An allergy to milk protein, dysbacteriosis or an epileptic seizure in the past month is not a contraindication for vaccination another drug, ADS-anatoxin

      If references to these documents do not help, file an official appeal to the head of the polyclinic or change the doctor.

      Instructions for parents: how to act if vaccination is denied

      Refusal to combine several vaccines on the same day. What moms and dads don't hear from doctors about this. This is supposedly a big load on the immune system, and an increased risk of complications, and comments about parental callousness: they say that the child will be in pain during the procedure, and the side effects from vaccinations are cumulative - but this is not so.

      The simplest argument in the parent's arsenal in such a case: in the national calendar itself, vaccines are administered not one, but several at a time. This is the only way we can speed up the moment when the child will be protected from infections that are dangerous for him.

      Is it true that simultaneous vaccination with several drugs weakens the immune system? Journal of Pediatrics, 2009 PDF, 256 KB

      For example, at 4.5 months, a child is given 3 vaccines at the same time according to the calendar: DTP, pneumococcal and polio. This usually happens on the same day

      Misinformation about vaccination. “If you don’t make a live polio vaccine, then there will be no immunity!”, “Pentaxim is a weak vaccine, give our DTP”, “Prevenar is a new untested vaccine, it’s better not to do it”, “Chickenpox is better to get sick, why do you need a vaccination?", "If you do it during a runny nose, and there will definitely be a complication!". Such arguments would shock an American or Australian pediatrician, and in Russia every second parent hears them. This provokes unnecessary fears and anxieties, and in some cases, in principle, disappoints parents in the idea of ​​vaccination.

      My reader's daughter was born prematurely at 35 weeks. When she was discharged from the maternity hospital, she was only vaccinated against tuberculosis, then they refused to vaccinate at the clinic. The neurologist frightened the mother with terrible consequences and proved that one must be a conscious parent and not get vaccinated when the child is "in such a state" - and there was no "state", the girl felt good. The neurologist also prescribed endless treatments with drugs with unproven effectiveness and gave medical exemptions from vaccinations.

      As a result, the reader vaccinated her daughter with the first vaccines only at 6 months.

      But he who is warned is armed. If you are ready to stand up for your child's right to be protected from infections, you will succeed. Sometimes it will be enough just to talk with a pediatrician, read the instructions for the vaccine together, show your adequacy and awareness, and the conversation will go easier.


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