How long is a child contagious with fifth disease

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Fifth Disease (Erythema Infectiosum): Symptoms and Treatment

Fifth disease is a mild illness caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. It is rarely serious. Its most obvious symptom is the bright red rash or “slapped cheek” look of the face.

The disease occurs most often during the late winter and early spring in children between the ages of 4 and 10. However, older children and adults, especially females, can get it.

Fifth disease is contagious (spread from person to person) in the early stages before symptoms appear. Once the rash appears, it is no longer contagious. It is spread by coughing, sneezing or by touching secretions from the nose and mouth of an infected person. After your child has fifth disease he or she will not get it again.

Symptoms

Fifth disease has 3 stages:

The first stage (incubation period) lasts 7 to 14 days. This is when the child can spread the disease to others without knowing.

Mild fever
Mild headache
Cold-like symptoms (stuffy or runny nose, sore throat)
Fatigue
Mild muscle or joint pain and swelling, especially in older children and women

Second stage starts 2 to 3 weeks after exposure. This is when the child is no longer contagious.

Bright red, “slapped cheek” rash on face
Rash fades after 5 to 10 days

Third stage may last 1 to 3 weeks.

Rash spreads to chest, arms and thighs
Looks blotchy and like lace
May be itchy but is painless

The rash may come back after several weeks. It can be triggered by sunlight, exercise, extremes of heat or cold or emotional stress.

Treatment

There is no treatment for fifth disease. Most children get well without treatment.

If your child has a fever or joint discomfort, you may give acetaminophen (Tylenol®) or ibuprofen (Motrin® or Advil®). Read the label to know the right dose for the age of your child.

Do not give ibuprofen to children younger than 6 months. For children younger than 6 years, do not give over-the-counter (OTC) cold or cough medicine without asking your child’s doctor. Do not give aspirin or products that contain aspirin.

Prevention

There is no vaccine to prevent fifth disease.

To prevent the spread of infection:

Wash hands often (Picture 1)
Cover the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
Avoid touching the mouth or nose

Pregnant women should avoid being near children with fifth disease. If exposed, they should call their health provider. Fifth disease may harm an unborn child.

When to Call the Doctor

Call the doctor if your child has:

Fever more than 102° F after treating for 3 days
Severe joint pain or swelling
A condition that weakens the immune system (like sickle cell disease, cancer, or hemolytic anemia)

Return to School

Your child can return to school after the rash disappears and he has no fever.

Fifth Disease (PDF)

How many days a person is contagious with SARS, incubation period and preventive measures

Almost every person on the planet suffers from 1 to 15 (average 4) episodes of SARS annually. ¹ The high incidence is due to the fact that respiratory viruses are numerous, variable and highly contagious. The spread of infections contributes to the neglect of prevention.

At an early stage, patients often do not realize that they can infect healthy people, and do not take protective measures. And after a few days of illness, many are sure that they no longer secrete viruses. In the article, we found out how long a person is contagious with ARVI, and when it is possible to contact others without risk.

Incubation period for different types of SARS

SARS is a broad group of viral infections. Despite the different types of pathogens (about 200 types ² studied), they have similar ways of spreading, development mechanisms and symptoms. All SARS affect the upper respiratory system, and their typical symptoms are runny nose, sneezing, coughing, sore throat and fever.

About half of all ARVI pathogens are rhinoviruses. ² Influenza, parainfluenza, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial viruses are common. Sometimes with ARVI, several pathogens are isolated simultaneously - in these cases, the disease is more severe. ³

As for the incubation period, it depends not only on the properties of the pathogen, but also on the characteristics of the body and the strength of the immune response. Most often, from the moment of infection with SARS to the appearance of the first symptoms, it takes from 2 days to a week. ³ The main danger is that even in the absence of signs of infection, the patient can infect others.

When a person ceases to be contagious with SARS

When the virus enters the body, it attaches to the shell of a healthy cell, penetrates through it and begins to multiply. At the next stage, the daughter virions leave the infected cell and actively spread throughout the body, infecting new cells. This cycle is repeated many times until a sufficiently large number of viruses accumulate in the body. On average, this occurs on the 3rd day after infection. During this period, the patient poses the greatest danger to others, since coughing and sneezing releases the maximum amount of viruses. As a rule, the symptoms of the disease on this day are especially pronounced. ³

A direct-acting antiviral drug - Nobasit - acts immediately after the virus enters the body. The active substance of the drug prevents the penetration of the virus into cells by blocking the hemagglutinin protein. ⁴ Doctors recommend starting the drug within the first 48 hours of the onset of the disease to limit the spread of infection throughout the body and prevent infecting others. Thanks to the proven directed action on the cause of acute respiratory viral infections, Nobasit helps to reduce the severity of the main clinical symptoms - cough, runny nose, nasal congestion, etc., and helps to reduce the duration of the disease. ⁵

Active release of viruses into the environment continues for several days. On the 5th day from the onset of the disease, specific antibodies against the pathogen are produced. Shedding of viruses is drastically reduced, and the chance of infecting others is reduced. By this time, the symptoms of SARS are weakening. This happens in most cases, but sometimes a recovered person remains contagious for up to 14 days - until the pathogen is completely removed from the body. ³

It can be said that a person stops spreading the infection about two weeks after the onset of the disease and can come into contact with healthy people without risk. Although usually the isolation of viruses stops earlier - with the disappearance of symptoms of SARS.

SARS prevention measures

The main route of transmission of viral infections is airborne. When coughing, sneezing and talking, a sick person releases viruses that are contained in particles of saliva and mucus. Due to their very small size (much smaller than bacteria), ARVI pathogens remain longer in the aerosol and spread over long distances (up to 2–3 m). ⁶

When the aerosol settles, the droplets dry up and most viruses die. But some of them retain viability and pathogenic properties for a long time. For example, adenoviruses can live outside the human body for up to 14 days. ² So, in addition to airborne droplets, the airborne transmission route (by inhalation of dust that contains viruses) cannot be ruled out. Adenoviruses and rhinoviruses can also be spread by contact. The pathogen is transmitted through contaminated hands and household items.

Given the methods of transmission of diseases, during periods of seasonal outbreaks of incidence (for most SARS this is autumn, and for influenza - winter), precautions should be taken.

● Try to reduce the use of public transport and, if possible, avoid crowded places.

● When outdoors, do not touch your face with your hands.

● Wash your hands frequently or treat them with antiseptic solutions.

● At home, regularly carry out wet cleaning, ventilate the rooms.

● Dress for the weather, don't overcool.

● If someone in the family is already sick, give him a separate room, individual dishes, limit contact with him.

● Try to lead a healthy lifestyle, eat well and consume enough vitamins - this will help maintain a strong immune system.

Briefly about the main

➢ More than 200 ARVI pathogens are known. Respiratory infections caused by different viruses have common features and differences, but the incubation period depends not only on the properties of the pathogen, but also on the characteristics of the body and the strength of the immune response.

➢ Especially dangerous are contacts with a sick person in the first 3 days after infection - it is during this period that symptoms usually appear most clearly.

➢ As symptoms improve, the risk of infection decreases, but finally disappears only after 2 weeks from the onset of the disease.

➢ In order not to get infected during colds, try not to touch your face on the street, wash your hands more often, dress according to the weather and lead a healthy lifestyle.

¹ Kovtun TA, Tutel'yan AV, Shabalina SV Modern ideas about the epidemiology and etiology of acute respiratory diseases of the respiratory tract in children // Epidemiology and vaccine prevention. - 2010. - No. 5.

² Larina V. N. et al. Acute respiratory viral infections and influenza: etiology, diagnosis and treatment algorithm. - RMJ. Medical review. - 09/11/2019. - No. 9 (1).

³ Belan EB, Sadchikova TL Acute respiratory viral infections: current view on the problem and modern approach to treatment // BC. Medical review. — 12/25/2018. - No. 11.

⁴ Instructions for medical use (Nobasit®, film-coated tablets 250 mg; RU: LP-003508 of 03/16/2016)

⁵ Lioznov D.A., Karnaukhova E.Yu., Zubkova T.G., Shakhlanskaya E.V., Evaluation of the effectiveness of the ARVI treatment regimen, including etiotropic (enisamia iodide) and symptomatic therapy // Therapeutic archive No. 3 - 2020

⁶ Pozdnyakova MG, Shelekhova SE, Erofeeva MK Epidemiology of SARS and the possibility of their prevention // Portal Eurolab.

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How long is a person with a viral infection contagious to others?

The length of time a person is considered "contagious" after the first clinical manifestations of an infectious disease depends on the disease itself and its causative agent. In addition, for many diseases, already during the incubation period, when a person has become infected with a virus, but still feels well and there are no external symptoms of the disease, the pathogen can be isolated and transmitted to others.

SARS

ARVI is a group of viral infections characterized by common manifestations (for example, fever, body aches) and damage to the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract. A person who is sick with SARS is considered contagious a few days before the first manifestations of the disease appear and until all symptoms disappear. In most cases, this period is about 2 weeks. As a rule, general manifestations are noted during the first 2-3 days, and it is during this period that there is a high risk of contracting a virus from a patient.

Flu

Influenza is an acute viral infection caused by the influenza virus. Influenza is considered one of the most dangerous viral infections of the respiratory tract and annually reminds of itself in Ukraine during the cold season. As a rule, the greatest risk of contracting the influenza virus from a patient exists from the day the first symptoms appear until 3-7 days after. Children and immunocompromised individuals may be contagious for several days longer.

Bronchitis

Bronchitis is an inflammatory process in the bronchi, in which the mucous membrane of the lungs is affected. Most often, the causative agents of this disease are the same viruses that cause SARS, but other causes of the development of the disease (bacteria) are also possible. Therefore, the duration of the period when a person with bronchitis is considered contagious depends on the causative agent of the disease.

Tonsillitis

Tonsillitis is an inflammatory process in the palatine tonsils. The disease itself is not contagious, but viruses that can be the causative agents of tonsillitis (primary infections) can be transmitted from the patient to other people. Therefore, the risk of infection in each case depends on the type of virus.

Chicken pox

"Chickenpox" or chickenpox is a highly contagious infectious disease that most often affects children. A patient with chickenpox is considered contagious on average for 10-12 days from 1-2 days before the onset of the rash, the entire period of the rash and up to 5 days after the appearance of the last rash (blister-vesicles).

Measles

Measles is one of the most contagious viral diseases that can be accompanied by severe intoxication, fever, inflammation of the respiratory tract, conjunctivitis, the appearance of peculiar spots on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity and a rash on the skin. Symptoms of measles appear about 10 days after infection with the virus, and the greatest risk of infection from a patient exists after the first symptoms appear before the rash. The infectious period lasts up to 5 days from the onset of the rash.

Mumps

Mumps, which is called "mumps", is an acute, highly contagious infectious disease characterized by fever, general intoxication of the body, damage to the salivary and sometimes other glands that have excretory ducts (genital, mammary, pancreas), central nervous system . The greatest risk of contracting mumps from a patient exists from a few days before the glands swell, to a few days after that.

Rubella

Rubella is an acute viral infection characterized by a punctate rash, generalized swollen lymph nodes, mild fever, and conjunctivitis. The patient is considered contagious from 7 days before the onset of the rash and up to 4 days after. To avoid infecting others, especially pregnant women, you should stay at home and avoid contact with anyone for 6 days after the rash begins to appear.