Baby rash on legs arms and face

Common childhood rashes | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

If your child has a seizure, call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

If you think your child might have meningococcal rash, go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Key facts

There are many different types of childhood rashes. Many are not serious.
If your child has a rash and fever, they should see their doctor.
If your child has a meningococcal rash, go immediately to the emergency department.

Meningococcal rash

If you think your child might have meningococcal rash, go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

You can read more about serious childhood rashes here.

Rashes with no fever or itching

Milia (blocked oil glands)

Up to 1 in every 2 newborn babies develop small white spots called milia on their face, especially on the nose. These are just blocked pores, and they’re not itchy or contagious. They usually clear up without treatment within a few weeks.

Erythema toxicum

Many newborns develop a blotchy red skin reaction called erythema toxicum, which can appear between 2 days and 2 weeks after birth. Flat, red patches or small bumps often first appear on the face and spread to the body and limbs. The rash is harmless, not contagious, and will clear after a few days or a week.

Baby acne

Some babies get pimples on their cheeks and nose in the first three months of life. These pimples normally disappear without any treatment, usually within a few months.

Nappy rash

Nappy rash is inflammation of the skin in the nappy area. It can look red, sore and inflamed. Nappy rash is usually caused by urine (wee) or faeces (poo) irritating the skin.

To avoid nappy rash, keep the nappy area clean and dry with frequent nappy changes and nappy-free time. You can help protect the skin by putting on a barrier cream such as zinc or soft white paraffin at each nappy change.

Persistent nappy rash can be treated with a medicated cream. Don’t use talcum powder or antiseptics to treat nappy rash. If your baby develops a fungal infection, you’ll need to use an antifungal ointment. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Erythema multiforme (minor)

Erythema multiforme is a rash triggered by an infection (most commonly herpes simplex virus), medicine or an illness. Your baby might feel unwell or have a mild fever before the rash appears. Red spots develop on the hands, feet, arms and legs and spread symmetrically across both sides of the body. The spots often become raised or blistered and then develop into classic target-like lesions.

Erythema multiforme is not contagious, and usually resolves without treatment in 3 to 6 weeks.

Keratosis pilaris (‘chicken skin’)

Keratosis pilaris is a harmless condition where the skin becomes rough and bumpy, as if permanently covered in goose pimples. These bumps most commonly occur on the upper arms and thighs. You can try several things to help the rash to clear up, including moisturising regularly.

Rashes that might be itchy

Eczema (Atopic dermatitis)

Eczema is a very common skin condition affecting 1 in 3 Australians. It causes the skin to become itchy, red, dry and cracked, often in the creases at the knees and elbows.

Eczema commonly starts before a baby is 12 months old. Eczema follows a relapsing-remitting course. This means that there are flare-ups of the rash, followed by periods where there is no rash or a minimal rash.

Eczema management includes preventative treatment such as avoiding skin irritants, moisturising regularly and using bath oil. Treatment of flare-ups includes using steroid and anti-inflammatory creams.

Ringworm (tinea)

Ringworm is a common, contagious skin infection that causes a ring-like red rash with a clear centre. It commonly occurs on the scalp, feet and groin, but it can appear almost anywhere on the body.

Ringworm is caused by a fungus, not a worm, and is usually treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams. You should keep your child home from childcare or school until a day after you have started treatment to prevent spreading the infection.

Prickly heat (heat rash)

Heat rash might appear if your baby gets hot in a humid environment. The rash shows as tiny red bumps or blisters on the skin, which can be very itchy. Cooling your baby down and avoiding humidity is the best way to prevent heat rash, which usually clears within 2 to 3 days without treatment.

Impetigo (school sores)

Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin. It causes red sores and blisters that form a yellow crust. It is very common in children aged 2 to 6, and it is not usually serious in this age group, but it can be dangerous for newborn babies.

If your child has impetigo, you should see your doctor, who might prescribe an antibiotic cream, ointment or tablet. This should clear the infection within 7 to 10 days. Keep your child home from childcare or school and away from young babies until the sores have dried up, usually a few days after treatment starts.

Hives (urticaria)

Hives is a raised, red, itchy rash. It is common on the chest, stomach and back, as well as the throat and limbs, but it can appear on any part of the body. Hives usually disappears within a few days without any treatment. Antihistamines can be given to relieve itching. If the rash doesn't go away, you should see your doctor.

Hives isn’t usually serious, but it can be a sign of a more serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). If your child develops hives after eating, or together with other symptoms such as vomiting, dizziness or trouble breathing, you should seek urgent medical attention.

If your child has symptoms of a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

Pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rosea is a mild skin rash that sometimes appears after a sore throat, cold or fever. It begins with a single pink or tan-coloured patch on the chest or back. Red, oval-shaped patches, which may be itchy, then appear on the chest or back and limbs over the next weeks.

The exact cause of pityriasis rosea is unclear, and it is not thought to be contagious. The rash usually clears up within a couple of months without treatment.

If you are pregnant, pityriasis rosea can in rare cases lead to complications. See your doctor if you are pregnant and have contact with a child who has pityriasis rosea.

Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that is spread by skin-to-skin contact or by sharing swimming pool water, bath water or towels.

Molluscum contagiosum spots look like pimples and grow into round pearly white lumps, usually 2 to 5 millimetres in size. They can be itchy. They usually heal without treatment within 6 months, but sometimes longer.

Rashes with fever

Slapped cheek disease (fifth disease)

Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects pre-school and school-age children. It typically causes a bright red rash on both cheeks that spreads as a ‘lacy’ rash on the body and limbs. Occasionally, it causes a fever.

Slapped cheek disease is usually mild and clears up in a few days without treatment. The child is contagious before the rash appears, but not once it has appeared.

If you are pregnant and catch the virus, it may cause a type of anaemia in your unborn baby. It can also cause miscarriage. If you suspect you or your child has slapped cheek disease, you should avoid contact with people who might be pregnant.

Hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a mild but highly contagious viral illness. It causes a rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and blisters in the mouth. It is not the same as the foot-and-mouth disease that affects farm animals.

The disease is common in childcare and kindergartens. Your child might feel unwell and have a fever and blisters on the hands and feet and in the mouth and in the nappy area. The illness usually lasts about 7 to 10 days. Children with hand, foot and mouth disease should stay away from childcare or school until all the blisters have dried up.

Hand, foot and mouth disease usually resolves on its own without complications. In rare cases, it can be more serious, especially if you have a weakened immune system or are pregnant. Complications can include infections of the brain and heart muscle and miscarriage.

Roseola infantum

Roseola infantum is a contagious viral infection that can cause cold-like symptoms and a high fever. The high fever may last for a few days. Roseola infantum can also cause some children to have a febrile convulsion (seizure).

Children with roseola infantum develop a rash after the fever has resolved. The rash looks like raised pink spots that start on the chest, stomach and back and spread to the limbs. The child is contagious before the rash appears, but not after. The rash usually lasts 3 to 5 days.

Febrile convulsions can look scary but are generally not harmful.

If your child has a seizure, call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

When to seek help

Many babies develop a skin rash in their first days or weeks of life as their sensitive skin adapts to a new environment. Most rashes are harmless and go away on their own, but if your baby seems unwell, or if you’re worried, you should see your doctor. They can advise about the cause and whether treatment is necessary.

Whatever their age, you should take your child to the doctor if they have a rash and persistent high temperature, cold or cough symptoms or swollen neck glands.

Treatment of common childhood rashes

If you think your child might be contagious, they should stay at home. Keep them away from school, childcare and other children. You should also keep them away from people who are pregnant, or who might be pregnant, since some childhood infections can cause serious problems in unborn babies.

You can use paracetamol or ibuprofen (in babies aged over 3 months) to reduce fever — read the packet instructions carefully to ensure your child receives the right amount for their age and weight.

Your pharmacist can advise you on treating the symptoms of common rashes. For example, you can use over-the-counter creams to prevent itchiness.

If you are concerned about your child’s rash, call Pregnancy, Birth and Baby on 1800 882 436 to talk to a maternal child health nurse, or call Healthdirect on 1800 022 022 to talk to a registered nurse. Alternatively, contact your doctor.

Speak to a maternal child health nurse

Call Pregnancy, Birth and Baby to speak to a maternal child health nurse on 1800 882 436 or video call. Available 7am to midnight (AET), 7 days a week.

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17 Most Common Types of Baby Rashes (With Pictures)

Are small red bumps popping up on your baby’s body? There are many possible reasons for baby rashes, so it can be difficult to know what causes them.

Chances are, it’s something completely harmless that will resolve itself within a few days. But it’s still important to keep an eye on any rashes that pop up on your little one.

Our medical team will give you the lowdown on the 17 most common types of baby rashes to help you identify those bumps and set your mind at ease.

Table of Contents

1. Baby Acne
2. Cradle Cap
3. Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum (ETN)
4. Atopic Eczema
5. Hives
6. Diaper Rash
7. Milia
8. Impetigo
9. Fifth Disease
10. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease
11. Measles
12. Miliaria
13. Scabies
14. Ringworm
15. Meningitis
16. Chickenpox
17. Molluscum Contagiosum
When to Worry About a Rash
Make a Rash Decision

1. Baby Acne

This rash is nothing to worry about. Most babies have experienced it. It usually shows up within the first couple of weeks of a baby’s life and can last from several days to several months ⁽¹⁾.

Causes

Doctors are still not entirely sure why some babies develop acne. But it may be caused by the maternal hormones your baby is exposed to in the womb.

Symptoms

Baby acne is distinguished by tiny red or white pimples on a baby’s cheeks, nose, forehead, and chin. Basically, they look like a tiny teenager going through puberty.

Treatment

The best way to get rid of baby pimples is to keep your baby’s skin clean. Gently wipe the area using soft materials like cotton balls or gentle washcloths.

Moisturizing the skin is essential, so try a mild baby lotion or baby oil. But don’t use too much since this could block the pores and worsen the acne. Most baby acne goes away on its own.

Your baby may need treatment for moderate to severe acne to prevent scarring. Never buy any over-the-counter acne treatment creams intended for teens or adults. These are not safe for newborns. Consult your pediatrician to find the appropriate treatment for the baby acne.

If the acne does not go away on its own, or if it worsens despite treatment, talk to your doctor immediately. Your baby may have a hormonal imbalance issue or other causes of rashes that would warrant a medical exam.

2. Cradle Cap

Cradle cap is easy to recognize and common in newborns. It results in greasy yellow or brown scales at the top of the baby’s head. In some cases, it will move down to the face or neck.

It usually develops within the first two or three months. Cradle cap is not contagious ⁽²⁾.

Causes

Nobody is 100% sure what causes cradle cap. However, it is linked to two common factors:

Fungus: Some babies react to Malassezia, a fungus naturally found on the skin.
High sebum levels in the affected area: Sebum is an oily substance consisting of fat, keratin, and cellular debris.

Symptoms

Cradle cap won’t cause fever or discomfort for your baby. However, it can cause large flakes to develop. As the scales fall off, you might notice a few hair strands following.

The skin around the scales can become red, and you might notice a smell in severe cases. I find it similar to the aroma of unwashed hair.

Treatment

Cradle cap will often clear up on its own within a few weeks, although you can help to get rid of it faster. Treating cradle cap is relatively easy:

Wash your baby’s hair: Using a mild shampoo, lather your baby’s head, and let the shampoo sit for a minute. Then brush the hair with a soft brush before rinsing.
Apply baby oil: Baby oil or coconut oil will loosen the scales. Brush your baby’s hair with a soft brush to remove loose flakes.
Soak overnight: Apply Vaseline, olive oil, coconut oil, or vegetable oil, and let it soak overnight. The following morning, wash your baby’s hair with a mild shampoo and rinse.
Steroid cream and antifungal shampoo: In more severe cases, your physician may prescribe a low-potency steroid and antifungal cream to alleviate cradle cap.

There are special cradle cap shampoos available. These soften the scales quickly, making them easy to remove. The shampoo also prevents new scales from forming.

You should never pick at the scales, although I know it can be very tempting. Removing them from the scalp in this way could result in an infection.

3. Erythema Toxicum Neonatorum (ETN)

ETN is a widespread rash that occurs within the first few days of a newborn’s life. It’s most common in full-term babies.

ETN appears as blotchy red bumps that can sometimes look pale and raised due to fluid buildup. If the fluid looks like pus, this can indicate an infection. But in most cases, it’s only a bodily fluid ⁽³⁾.

Causes

The cause of ETN is unknown but is thought to be related to immune system development.

Symptoms

ETN symptoms include a red rash with bumps that sometimes look white or yellow. It shouldn’t cause any discomfort or fever.

This rash most commonly appears on the baby’s chest, neck, and face. It can develop anywhere except the palms and soles.

Treatment

There is no treatment necessary. However, if it becomes more severe, you should consult your doctor for advice.

4. Atopic Eczema

Eczema can be extremely uncomfortable as the affected area becomes red, itchy, and even cracked.

It could be a long-term, chronic condition that requires extensive treatment. However, it often clears over time as your little one grows ⁽⁴⁾.

Causes

Atopic eczema can be passed down by your parents. If you suffer from it or have previously, your newborn might also develop the condition.

If your baby is born with an increased risk, keep them away from specific triggers such as these:

Soaps and detergents: Don’t use scented detergents or soaps. Make sure all soap residue is rinsed off your baby after a bath.
Allergens: These could be cold, dry weather or a humid environment. Even dust mites, fur, pollen, mold, heat, sweat, and certain foods can cause an allergy.
Certain fabrics: Wool and synthetic materials are known to trigger eczema.

Symptoms

The affected area will become red, dry, itchy, cracked, and sore. This could result in bleeding skin and inflammation, and secondary infections may occur.

The areas of skin affected might become darker or lighter after eczema has cleared, although this is only temporary.

Treatment

Keeping the skin hydrated is the best way to avoid a rash. Moisturizers, steroids, or eczema creams can help alleviate this. Consult your pediatrician for creams or ointments to help ease the symptoms.

Covering up the area with bandages might be necessary in some instances. However, damaging the skin could cause more eczema.

You may want to consider putting mittens on your baby. Newborns aren’t coordinated enough to scratch, but they might do some accidental damage. I had some great sleepsuits with integrated foldover mitts and found these worked much better than the loose mittens, which quickly fell off.

5. Hives

People of all ages can develop hives. The rash features red raised patches or bright red spots.

Hives can appear anywhere on the body. They’re often extremely itchy and are sometimes accompanied by a stinging or burning sensation ⁽⁵⁾.

Causes

When hives occur, it is because the body has been in contact with a trigger. This could be allergens, such as certain foods, pollen, latex, medications, or insect bites. Infections can also trigger hives.

The trigger causes the body to release histamines. These carry white blood cells to the affected area, which will repair the damage and eliminate the intruder (the trigger). The histamines cause swelling, redness, and itchiness.

Symptoms

The rash will be made up of swollen, red welts of different sizes. They will be well-defined with a pale center and red surrounding it (similar to mosquito bites but usually bigger).

Hives can easily spread across the skin in different areas. They can last a few hours, days, or, on rare occasions, weeks.

Treatment

Antihistamines, such as Benadryl, are the best treatment for hives. However, you should never give your baby any medication without consulting a pediatrician first.

If your baby doesn’t seem too bothered by the rash and the size of it isn’t concerning, don’t worry. It should ease and disappear within a day or two.

You can always try different methods to ease the irritation. Wet a washcloth in water, similar to the temperature of a bath, and gently apply it to the affected area.

6. Diaper Rash

A diaper rash is something nearly all parents have to deal with at some point in their child’s life. The rash can be mild, with only a few red spots in one area. More severe rashes will look red and tender ⁽⁶⁾.

Causes

The leading cause of a diaper rash is prolonged exposure to urine or poop. Here are some other possible causes:

Disposable diapers: These can sometimes contain chemicals or fragrances which might be causing the reaction.
Fungal or yeast infection: Bacterias thrive in warm, moist environments, so they often cause rashes in the folds within the diaper area.
Food: As your baby starts to have solid foods, their stools will change. Acidic foods are known to cause diaper rash in some babies.
Antibiotics: These will increase the chance of a yeast infection.

Symptoms

The diaper area will be red, a little swollen, and warm to the touch. The rash can spread to the baby’s thighs, stomach, and back.

Some babies will seem troubled by it and uncomfortable during diaper changes. Older children may be holding themselves because it’s painful to pee.

Treatment and Prevention

A diaper rash can be difficult to deal with. But don’t worry, there are many effective ways to treat and prevent it:

Keep the area dry and clean: Change your baby’s diaper frequently. Gently pat the area dry — never rub!
Apply ointment or cream: Diaper rash ointments or creams will treat the area and create a barrier on the skin to protect it.
Loosen the diaper: A good tip is to use a bigger diaper, as this allows for more airflow. You can even leave your baby without the diaper, but make sure to waterproof the surrounding area, particularly if you have a boy!

Cloth diapers are a great option and good for the environment. They need more work since you have to wash them. But they eliminate all the possible chemicals and harsh edges on disposable diapers.

My little one loves cloth diapers as they are softer than disposables. Just remember to wash them in fragrance-free detergent, and never use fabric softeners or dryer sheets.

7.

Milia

Milia is common among newborn babies. It looks like tiny white spots that usually form around a baby’s nose ⁽⁷⁾.

Causes

Milia is entirely harmless. It is the result of the baby’s pores being blocked by dead skin cells.

Symptoms

Small white bumps will appear on a baby’s face and sometimes even on the limbs or the upper body. They can also appear on the roof of the baby’s mouth or on their gums, looking like little teeth coming through. The spots shouldn’t be itchy or painful.

Treatment

The spots will usually clear up on their own within the first four weeks after birth. Never try to squeeze them.

8. Impetigo

Impetigo is a highly contagious infection that causes blisters and sores. Babies and adults can get it, though it’s most common in young children aged 2 to 6 years old. For newborns, it can be dangerous.

The sores and blisters grow quickly and then burst, leaving golden, crusty patches. These may grow and spread to other parts of the body. The patches can also be itchy and painful ⁽⁸⁾.

Causes

The rash occurs when bacteria enters the skin — this could be through a cut or a sore. If someone with impetigo comes into contact with your baby, there is a high risk of it being passed on.

Symptoms

Impetigo usually starts as a cluster of red blisters. These will grow, burst, ooze, and then spread. The rash is itchy, which increases the spreading.

The skin in the affected area will be red, and the lymph nodes may also become swollen.

Treatment

Mild cases of impetigo won’t require much treatment. By keeping the area clean, it should clear itself up.

A pediatrician might prescribe antibiotics to help your baby’s body fight off the bacteria. Depending on the child’s age, this could be given orally or as a cream.

Trim your baby’s nails and keep them clean to prevent the bacteria from spreading. Wash the scabs gently, twice a day, using warm water and soap. Dry with a towel that is only used for your baby.

9. Fifth Disease

Fifth disease, also known as slapped cheek syndrome or parvovirus B19, takes its unique name from how it looks. Any guesses on what it looks like?

It starts as small red patches on the child’s cheeks. It is most common in preschoolers, but babies can also contract the virus, and pregnant mothers can pass it on to their babies.

It’s highly contagious but not harmful. After recovery, most people develop an immunity to the virus ⁽⁹⁾.

Causes

The cause of fifth disease is the same as most other viruses. If your baby is in contact with another person carrying the virus, they are at risk.

Symptoms

Apart from the red cheeks, there are a few other symptoms you might notice:

Fever before the rash appears.
Stuffy or runny nose.
Sore throat.
Upset stomach.
Headache.
Fatigue.
Anemia (lack of red blood cells).

The rash can be itchy and will start on the face, but it can also appear on the arms, legs, and buttocks.

Treatment

You should treat fifth disease like any other cold. Your child will need rest and lots of fluids. However, you should always see your pediatrician when a rash occurs. Though harmless, it’s best to rule out other diseases. In rare instances when anemia becomes severe, further medical interventions such as blood transfusion may be warranted.

10. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is another widespread viral disease most common in those under 5 years of age.

The child will begin to develop sores around and inside the mouth. You might find them on the tongue, back of the mouth, or inside of the cheeks ⁽¹⁰⁾.

Causes

HFMD is due to the infection commonly caused by a coxsackie virus and is highly contagious. It will spread through sneezes, coughs, stool, and fluid from sores and blisters.

Like any other viral infection, children often pass it on to each other.

Symptoms

There are a few symptoms you might notice before the rash begins. These include the following:

Fever.
Loss of appetite.
Sore throat.
Fatigue.

After the fever starts, usually within a few days, the first sores or blisters will appear on the hands, feet, or mouth.

These can be extremely painful. Older children will surely complain, while younger children and babies will seem super irritated (because they can’t complain).

Sometimes, the rash appears on the buttocks as well.

Treatment

Mild cases only need observation. Make sure to check your baby’s temperature often. They should drink and eat plenty to give the body strength. However, more severe cases require doctor visits and hospitalization.

Your baby might be miserable, so comfort them as much as possible. Treat them with cold drinks or ice cream, which can ease the discomfort. Never give salty, spicy, or acidic foods.

11. Measles

Measles is another viral infection similar to fifth disease. It starts as small red bumps with white dots inside the cheeks, followed by a fever.

A rash will quickly appear and spread from the face down the back and torso, making its way to the arms and legs.

The rash will look like red patches at first, but it will soon develop into itchy raised bumps. Measles is most likely to occur in unvaccinated children ⁽¹¹⁾.

Causes

Measles is highly contagious and is caused by a virus called paramyxovirus. When a person carrying the virus sneezes or coughs, the virus will spread. The droplets containing the virus stay active for up to two hours outside the body.

The United States was considered measles-free in the year 2000. But it has been appearing again mainly because some parents choose not to vaccinate their children ⁽¹²⁾.

Symptoms

As the first few bumps begin appearing, you might also notice these symptoms:

Red and runny nose.
Low energy levels.
Loss of appetite.
Nausea and vomiting.
Diarrhea.
Swollen lymph nodes.

Treatment

It is critical you contact a doctor immediately if you suspect your child has measles.

Once confirmed, it is crucial to keep your child away from others to prevent the disease from spreading.

Some studies have demonstrated that vitamin A and antiviral agent ribavirin can play roles in the recovery process ⁽¹³⁾.

Ensure your little one is as comfortable as possible and watch closely for signs of a fever. Measles can cause the temperature to rise to 105 degrees Fahrenheit, which is dangerous.

Talk with your doctor if your child hasn’t been vaccinated yet and is exposed to the virus. They can give an immune globulin injection, which may prevent or ease the symptoms.

The MMR vaccine is usually scheduled at the age of 12 to 15 months, with a booster vaccine at 4 to 6 years.

12. Miliaria

Miliaria, also called sweat rash, prickly heat, or heat rash, usually occurs if your baby has been sweating excessively. It normally occurs in hot, humid conditions ⁽¹⁴⁾.

Causes

If you live in a hot environment, your baby might sweat quite a lot. The sweat glands can become blocked, resulting in a rash. This can also happen if your baby is dressed too warmly or if they are in an overly hot room, such as a room with a fireplace that has been burning all day.

Symptoms

The rash looks like tiny red bumps or blisters, as sweat is trapped under the skin. There will be a lack of sweat in the affected area, and your baby will experience a prickly feeling.

Treatment

Miliaria doesn’t require any treatment since it usually goes away on its own once your baby cools down. Moving your baby to a cooler environment helps. If the rash takes a little longer to clear, your pediatrician might recommend a cream or ointment.

13. Scabies

Scabies is an infestation of the skin. People of all ages can become infected. A baby with scabies will develop small, red spots all over the body ⁽¹⁵⁾.

Causes

Scabies is caused by tiny parasitic mites which burrow into the skin. (Eww!) It most often makes its way to your baby with the help of friends or other family members.

Symptoms

The rash will feature little bumps that can form a line. There will be extreme itchiness that is worse at night with potential sores and crusty areas. Scabies usually occurs on hands and arms but can develop anywhere on a baby’s skin.

Treatment

It’s necessary to contact your doctor and obtain treatment that will kill the mites. However, it’s not enough to only treat your child; it’s crucial to treat everyone who might also be infected. Some people choose to treat the whole house.

14. Ringworm

Ringworm is a common fungal infection. It causes a unique red rash in the form of a ring. Ringworm can develop anywhere on the body.

In babies, it is most often seen on the scalp, feet, and groin area ⁽¹⁶⁾.

Causes

Ringworm is actually caused by fungi — not a worm! It spreads as people come into contact with others who are infected — humans or animals. The fungi may also be present on bedsheets, towels, and even combs.

Symptoms

The rash will have round patches that are red or silver. It may be dry, scaly, itchy, and swollen. You might also notice blister-like lesions or some hair loss if the rash appears on the scalp.

Treatment

An antifungal cream, gel, or spray is an effective method. It’s essential to finish the whole course of treatment to make sure the infection is completely cleared.

15. Meningitis

Meningitis is a severe condition that affects the protective membranes surrounding the spinal cord and brain.

While meningitis can affect anyone, it’s most common in babies and children. The infection should be treated immediately. It could develop into life-threatening blood poisoning, called septicemia, which can lead to permanent brain and nerve damage.

Vaccines are available to protect against some forms of meningitis ⁽¹⁷⁾.

Causes

A viral or bacterial infection can cause meningitis. Viral infections are the most common cause, including the following :

Enteroviruses.
Influenza.
Herpes simplex viruses.
Varicella-zoster virus.
Measles and mumps.
Haemophilus influenza type b (Hib).
Group B Streptococcus.
E. coli.
Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Listeria monocytogenes.
Neisseria meningitis.

Symptoms

A patchy rash with lots of small red spots gathered in one area is the first sign. One way to tell if it’s a meningitis rash is by pressing a glass over it. If the rash doesn’t fade, it could be meningitis.

These are some other symptoms of meningitis:

Fever of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or above.
Lack of energy or extreme sleepiness.
Rapid breathing.
Cold hands and feet.
Pale skin.
A stiff neck and body.
Swelling of the fontanelle (the soft spot on a baby’s head).
Drowsiness or unresponsiveness.
Seizures.
Refusing to feed.
Not wanting to be picked up.
Unusual high-pitched cry.
Shivering.

Treatment

If there are any signs of meningitis, it is vital you get your baby to a hospital immediately. This is a medical emergency.

Antibiotics may be given and fluids to treat dehydration. Some cases require steroid medication to reduce swelling around the brain.

Treatment in the hospital can take anywhere from a few days to several weeks. Your baby might also need some aftercare once home again.

16. Chickenpox

Chickenpox is a rash due to the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection. The baby may first show flu-like symptoms before developing a rash, which appears as red, itchy spots over the body.

Babies are especially susceptible to chickenpox infection because they cannot get immunization until the age of one year old. Fortunately, the incidence of chickenpox has declined by 90% since 1995 with the introduction of the varicella vaccine. Since the prevalence of chickenpox decreased drastically in the general population, there are fewer carriers who can pass the disease on to infants, a phenomenon called “herd immunity” ⁽¹⁸⁾.

Causes

VZV infection occurs through viral transmission similar to that of measles. When a person coughs or sneezes, the air droplets containing the virus can spread to unvaccinated babies, leading to chickenpox. Transmission can also occur through physical contact with those who have a chickenpox rash. Vertical transmission can also occur when an infected pregnant mother transmits the virus directly to the fetus.

Symptoms

Flu-like symptoms can occur in infants infected with chickenpox days before the development of the rash. The flu-like symptoms include:

Fever.
Cough.
Poor feeding.
Fussiness.
Fatigue.
Sleepiness.

The rash starts at the torso and the head, then spreads to limbs over several days. The rash starts as itchy, red bumps, which later become fluid-filled blisters. The blisters burst to become open sores that scab over and heal. This whole process can last from five days to two weeks.

Treatment

You should notify your pediatrician immediately if you suspect your baby has a chickenpox infection, even if the symptoms are mild. You should also let your physician know right away if your baby develops any of the following symptoms:

High fever.
Rash on the eyelid or around the eyes.
Stiff neck.
Vomiting.
Severe cough.
Difficulty breathing.
Extreme sleepiness or difficulty waking up.
Rash that has become warm and swollen.

Treatment of chickenpox is usually supportive. However, in more severe cases of chickenpox, or if a baby is born with chickenpox (congenital chickenpox) due to an infected mother, the physician may prescribe an antiviral agent called acyclovir.
To prevent chickenpox from infecting an unvaccinated baby, avoid contact with anyone who is infected with chickenpox.

17. Molluscum Contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is another viral infection that causes rashes in babies. The rashes consist of small pink bumps with indented centers. Molluscum contagiosum can occur anywhere on a baby’s body, but it is most commonly found on the head, neck, torso, and armpits.

Causes

The rash is caused by an infection with the molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV). Babies can get molluscum contagiosum rashes in a couple of ways, such as direct skin-to-skin contact with someone who has molluscum contagiosum or contact with objects, such as toys or towels, that have MCV on them.

Most of the time, the only symptom of MCV infection is the rash. The rash appears like pink, skin-colored dome-shaped bumps with central indentations. They can appear anywhere on the body except the palms of the hands, the soles of the feet, and very rarely on the oral mucosa. The bumps can occur in isolations or in groups.

Treatment

Treatment is optional, especially in immunocompetent infants and children, since MCV rashes usually go away on their own within 18 months. Some doctors may use a variety of methods such as freezing the bumps (cryotherapy), removal via sharp instruments (curettage), or application of wart removing chemicals or creams. However, many doctors prefer not to use these methods because they can cause burns and skin scarring.

Since molluscum contagiosum can spread from one part of the body to another through contact, it is wise to cover up the areas of rash with small, watertight bandages. Caretakers should also wash their hands often to prevent the spread of the MCV.

When to Worry About a Rash

Babies have sensitive skin, so even the most minor thing can cause a reaction.

Most rashes are harmless and will improve or disappear within a few days. Always contact your pediatrician if a rash looks suspicious or is accompanied by a fever.

Rashes can sometimes be caused by an allergic reaction. With this comes the risk of anaphylactic shock.

These are some of the symptoms of a severe allergic reaction:

Difficulty breathing.
Hard for baby to feed or swallow.
Baby is lethargic.
Vomiting.
Increased heart rate.
Any swelling in the face, around the mouth or throat ⁽¹⁹⁾.

Make a Rash Decision

Always take good care of your baby’s precious skin. Don’t bathe your child too frequently using soap. Instead, choose a gentle cleaning product that is unperfumed and moisturizing. End the bath with a lotion or oil massage — this is when you can get a good look at your child’s skin and spot anything out of the ordinary.

Most rashes that appear in newborns are harmless. ETN, baby acne, and heat rash are the most common.

Knowing what to look for should help to ease your mind or let you know when to take action. If you’re ever unsure of a rash and what could be causing it, don’t hesitate to contact your child’s pediatrician.

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Rash in a child on legs and arms

RASH IN A CHILD ON LEGS AND HANDS WITHOUT TEMPERATURE, WITH TEMPERATURE, ITCHING, NOT ITCHING

Children are the most beloved, defenseless people. It is from adults that the health of the baby sometimes depends. They need our attention first and foremost. The skin of children is still imperfect and very susceptible to various infections. So, the appearance of a rash on the arms and legs can be an innocent manifestation, or it can be a signal of a dangerous disease. Below we will consider for what reason a rash may appear in a child and how to act in this situation. nine0003

Rash - what is it?

What is such a phenomenon? A rash is a pathological change in the skin, mucous membranes, which differ from normal skin in appearance, structure, color. It can be primary and secondary, that is, appear on the site of previous rashes. The combination of primary and secondary elements determine the picture of the rash in the disease. This may be a reaction to some kind of allergen, or it may turn out that the rash is a sign of a disease. nine0003

Species

It turns out that rashes are of different nature and type. Allocate primary and secondary rashes. Such a rash occurs in a child on the legs and arms:

Tubercles - do not have a cavity, are located deep in the dermis, up to 1 cm in diameter. At the same time, the color and texture of the skin is excellent. They can leave scars behind, develop into ulcers.
Blisters - without a cavity, have a blurred outline and pink color. Appear due to swelling of the papillary dermis. Pass without a trace, itchy. nine0020
Papules or nodules - no cavity. May or may not be inflamed, discolored. Pass without leaving traces

Bubbles - have a bottom, a cover, a cavity. After they are opened, erosion can form.
Pustules or pustules - have pus inside. May be superficial or deep.
Roseola is irregularly shaped patches of pink. When the skin is stretched, the stain disappears. nine0020

If the rash appears a second time, it may form:

Scars.
Abrasions.
Cracks.
Scales.
Erosions.
Ulcers.

Diagnosis

If a child has a rash on his legs and arms, you should immediately seek help from a pediatrician and a dermatologist. First, the doctor must carefully examine:

Appearance.
Colour.
Quantity.
The nature of the rash.
The location of the rash is also important.

Next, it turns out:

Presence or absence of a feverish state.
What infectious diseases have been transferred.
What are the hereditary diseases.
Tendency to allergies.
Light sensitivity.

As a rule, a rash is not the main disease, but is a symptom of some disease. It acts as a sign that a failure has occurred in the body. To determine the cause of such a manifestation, the doctor prescribes tests. First of all - a blood and urine test. It is also possible to analyze the secretion of abscesses. After examination and analysis, the doctor prescribes treatment. What could be the reasons why a child has a rash on his legs and arms? nine0003

Sources of the problem

For a child's body, a rash is a very important symptom of some diseases, so it is important to consult a doctor. Its causes may be as follows:

Allergic diseases.
Infectious.
Parasitic infections.
Vascular and blood diseases.
Violations of hygiene rules.

If the rash accompanies an infectious disease, the body temperature will certainly be elevated. There are other signs, these can be:

Cough.
Rhinitis.
Sore throat.

Let's look at some diseases that are accompanied, in addition to a rash, also by fever.

Rash with fever

When an infection enters the body, its first reaction is fever. Skin rashes may appear with or without fever. There are several infectious diseases, a sign of which is a rash. nine0003

This group includes:

Chicken pox.
Rubella.
Scarlet fever.
Measles.
Enteroviral infection.
Meningococcemia.

Each disease is characterized by its own characteristics of the spread of rashes. This is especially true for childhood diseases. Consider which of them causes a rash in a child on the legs and arms, as well as on the body and face.

Windmill

This disease is most common in children. She is not vaccinated. The first sign of this disease is the appearance of red spots, which very quickly turn into blisters. In addition to blisters on the face, head, body, the child also has a rash on the legs and arms. The temperature is elevated, for some time the baby may experience weakness, headache.

If the blister is torn off, scars remain. The main problem of this disease is that the rash on the child's arms and legs itches, there is a risk of infection. The doctor may prescribe medications to relieve itching. nine0003

Rubella

This disease comes with fever. In older children, joint pains, general intoxication are possible. Rashes are shown on the 1st day or on the second day. First - on the face, neck, torso, then a small rash spreads in the child on the arms and legs, mainly on the folds. The younger the child, the easier this disease proceeds. However, in adolescents, complications are possible, such as encephalitis, meningoencephalitis. This disease is especially dangerous for pregnant women, fetal malformations are possible. Vaccination is also prohibited for immunocompromised patients. However, rubella is milder than scarlet fever. nine0003

Measles

A dangerous infectious disease, easily transmitted through the air with little contact with the carrier of the infection

There is a vaccination against measles. This disease is accompanied by intoxication of the body. There are symptoms characteristic of a cold - coughing, lacrimation, sneezing. The temperature rises to high values. Rashes begin with the buccal mucosa, then pass to the face, the entire body, to the extremities (in the form of papules that rise above the skin). Dangerous complications on the bronchi, can cause pneumonia. nine0003

Scarlet fever

This is an infectious disease transmitted by airborne droplets through dirty hands and objects. It starts with a sore throat, chills. Then a small rash appears on the child's arms and legs with fever. Most often in places of bends of arms, legs. Then the rash spreads to the face, neck, torso. The source of the rash is streptococcus. The throat starts to hurt, which is very similar to a viral infection. Language is key to the definition. It will be crimson. As soon as the temperature begins to decrease, lamellar peeling of the skin of the hands and feet begins. With this disease, it is very important to observe bed rest and drinking. Antibiotics are required for treatment. Possible complications in the heart and kidneys. nine0003

Enterovirus infection

Preschool children are susceptible to these diseases. A rash appears on the child's legs and arms without fever. She usually doesn't itch

The child may be healthy, or there may be an increase in temperature to insignificant values within one or two days. This is due to the imperfection, susceptibility of children's skin.

Meningococcemia

This is a very dangerous disease. The temperature rises to high values in a short period of time. A rash appears on the child's legs and arms (does not itch) in the form of irregularly shaped hemorrhages, and is also on the buttocks. If such rashes are detected, an urgent need to call a doctor and determine the child in intensive care. nine0003

Hemorrhagic vasculitis

This disease is characterized by a rash in a child on the arms and legs with fever, mainly in the folds. Initially, small blisters or lumps appear, then the rash turns red, takes on the color of rust and completely disappears. It is believed that the disease can be caused by allergies, trauma, and be the result of acute infectious diseases, such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis. Accompanied by fever, joint pain. With a lightning-fast course of this disease, a fatal outcome is possible. It is necessary to carefully consider the treatment. nine0003

Rashes of non-infectious origin with itching

There are a number of diseases in which the rashes are very itchy. For example, with scabies, a child develops a rash on the legs and arms without fever, most often on the folds between the fingers. As a rule, it itches a lot, especially at night. Also, in case of helminthiases, rashes itch

The presence of a fungus on the skin in children is one of the causes of rashes in the form of blisters, erosions, red spots. Places of localization of the fungus, as a rule, on the legs, palms, feet, wrists. The rash spreads especially quickly on moist areas of the skin. It can be easily transmitted through contact with an infected object. Especially often infections occur in places where the environment is humid (shower, bathroom). The disease is accompanied by severe itching without fever. nine0003

Small rash without itching

If a child has a small rash on the arms and legs, does not itch, it is possible that pseudotuberculosis is at the initial stage of development. This disease is transmitted by rodents - after contact with things to which they had access. This disease appears in children very rarely, but still it exists.

If a child was born with congenital syphilis, was infected in utero, the rash may appear from time to time without disturbing him. These are papules with a pustular core. Such rashes are not accompanied by itching and fever. Also, a small rash can be the result of a hereditary infectious disease, such as psoriasis. In children under 2 years of age, it is rare, but at an older age, the risk of development, having heredity, is quite possible. It begins with a small rash in the form of dry plaques of a round and oval shape of a red-pink color, peeling is noticeable on top. It spreads over vast areas of the skin, in the area of the knees, elbows, head - this is a characteristic sign of psoriasis. This rash does not itch. In infants, it may come and go, and in adulthood it may come back again. nine0003

Allergic reaction

With allergic dermatitis, in addition to rashes on the face and trunk, a child may have a rash on the legs and arms. Photos clearly demonstrate the manifestation of an allergic reaction. Rashes can be present both on a small area of \u200b\u200bthe skin, and on an extensive one. As a rule, accompanying signs are peeling and severe itching. The body temperature remains within the normal range, intoxication of the body does not occur. Such a reaction is possible on food, household chemicals, drugs. If a child has allergies, you need to be extremely careful with allergens, exclude them from the diet if possible, as there is a risk of Quincke's edema. Possible respiratory arrest, swelling of the larynx. nine0003

Urticaria - a small rash - may be a reaction to temperature factors, cold, sun.

What not to do if a child has a rash

First of all, it is strictly forbidden in situations when you see a rash on your baby's body:

Squeeze out pustules.
Break bubbles.
Treat with brilliant green or other means until examined by a doctor.
Self-medicate.

If the rash on the child's arms and legs is itchy, do not let him scratch it. If a rash is detected, it is necessary to limit contact with others, as the disease can be contagious. As we saw earlier, a rash can be an important symptom or result of a disease. An examination by a doctor is required to make the correct diagnosis and prescribe the appropriate treatment in order to exclude possible complications.

Therapy

The treatment of rashes is, first of all, the elimination of the disease that caused them. In infectious diseases, bed rest, antipyretic drugs, antihistamines, and treatment of rashes are recommended. If necessary, antibiotics are prescribed (to exclude the development of side effects). Allergy sufferers should definitely see an allergist. Eliminate allergens from your diet. And you should also follow the doctor's instructions, take antihistamines or glucocorticosteroids. In case of fungal diseases or scabies, observation by a dermatologist is necessary. nine0003

Prevention of rashes

Skin in childhood is not yet adapted to the manifestations of the external environment, so it requires special attention and care. First of all, you must follow the rules of hygiene. Parents should make sure that they have all the necessary vaccinations against dangerous diseases. If your baby suffers from allergies, be sure to see an allergist. Proper treatment, observation will help the child outgrow this difficult period. Eliminate allergens from your baby's diet. Strengthen the immune system of the child so that he can easily and without consequences fight diseases. nine0003

Do not leave a rash, no matter how small, unattended!

Rash in a child on the body, legs, back

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