Baby lethargic with fever

Babies' Warning Signs

It's been said that babies do not come with instructions, but most parents certainly wish they did, especially when a young child is sick. As they grow, babies are exposed to infectious agents that may cause colds and other illnesses. These are a normal part of a baby's development and, thankfully, most outgrow the frequent-illness stage. Because babies cannot verbalize their feelings, however, adults must always stay alert for warning signs of illness.

A change in behavior may be one of the first signs that your baby isn’t feeling well. Although your baby's activity level, appetite, and cries will vary from day to day, even hour to hour, a distinct change in any of these areas may signal illness.

Generally, if your baby is alert and active when awake, is feeding well, and can be comforted when crying, occasional differences in these areas are normal. Talk with your baby's doctor if you’re concerned about your infant’s behavior, since changes may indicate an illness. The warning signs below will help you discern when something is amiss, and will help you know when and how to take action.

Persistent Crying or Irritability

All babies cry—this is their only way of communicating their needs to you. Depending on the type of cry, your baby may be hungry, sleepy, lonely, in need of a diaper change, or in pain. At first, you may not know how to interpret your baby’s cries, but appeasing one of these issues should usually calm your infant. If your baby is continuously fretful and fussy, cries for long periods or very suddenly, or has a cry that sounds unusual, it may be a sign of illness. Colic could also be causing your baby to cry. Colic is a benign, painful intestinal problem in infants up to 3 months old, and may cause intense crying and irritability around the same time every day.

If you notice any of these signs, examine your baby carefully to make sure there isn’t a physical problem—such as clothing that pinches, or an open, pointy diaper pin. There may be a thread or even a hair tightly wound around your baby’s finger or toe. Also, look at your infant’s abdomen for signs of swelling. Call your baby's doctor if crying lasts longer than usual or your baby has other signs of illness.

Fever

Respiratory illnesses such as colds, croup, pneumonia, ear infections, stomach bugs, urine infections, and many other bacterial and viral illnesses may all cause fever. To check for fever, take your baby's temperature rectally with a digital or glass rectal thermometer that’s mercury-free. It is the easiest and most accurate way. A 100-degree temperature or lower is considered normal, but if your baby is 3 months or younger with a temperature of 100.4 degrees or higher, call the doctor immediately. If your baby is 3 to 6 months old, call the doctor if your baby’s temperature exceeds 101 degrees. If your child is over a year old, call the doctor if the fever lasts longer than 24 to 48 hours (or if it’s accompanied by any other worrisome symptoms).

Fever in children between 6 months and 5 years of age can trigger febrile seizures (convulsions), which may last for a few minutes or may be over in seconds. They are a frightening experience but are usually harmless. Let your child's doctor know if this happens. Call for emergency help if seizures are severe, cause difficulty breathing, or last longer than a few minutes. If your child has had an uncomplicated seizure, he or she should be seen by a physician during regular office hours or in an emergency room, if you are unable to get an appointment.

Listlessness or Lethargy

You may find that your baby seems to have little or no energy, is drowsy or sluggish, or is sleeping longer than usual. He or she may be hard to wake for feedings, and won’t be alert or attentive to sounds and visual stimulation. Sometimes this develops slowly, so you won’t notice the gradual change. Lethargy may be a sign of infection or other conditions such as low blood sugar. Talk with your baby's doctor if your infant becomes lethargic or isn’t as active.

Poor Appetite

After the first day or so, most newborns are ready to eat every three to four hours and show signs of hunger by sucking on fingers or a hand, crying, and making rooting motions. If your baby refuses to eat and misses several feedings, it may be a sign of illness. You may notice that your infant is having trouble sucking at your breast or bottle, doesn’t seem to be hungry, is having problems spitting up, or is losing weight.

If a sucking problem is to blame, you’ll notice that your baby’s once strong sucking has become weaker, and that he or she isn’t eating well. This is especially common if your baby was born prematurely. If your infant has a weak suck, he or she may not pull strongly or have a good latch while breastfeeding. What’s more, you may not hear your baby swallowing or gulping during feedings, or your breasts may not feel full right before a feeding or softer afterward. If your baby is bottle-fed, a weak suck may require the bottle nipple to be "worked" or pumped to stimulate a suck. Either type of feeding, whether by breast or bottle, may take a very long time—often longer than 45 minutes.

Spitting up and dribbling milk with burps or after feedings is fairly common in newborns. This is because the sphincter muscle between the stomach and the esophagus (the tube from the mouth to stomach) is weak and immature. However, forceful or projectile vomiting, or spitting up large amounts of milk after most feedings, can indicate a problem. If your baby is formula-fed, vomiting may occur after overfeeding or because of intolerance to formula. If your baby is breastfed or formula-fed, he or she may have a physical condition that prevents normal digestion and may cause vomiting. Discolored or green-tinged vomit may mean that your infant has an intestinal obstruction.

It’s normal for your baby to lose about 10 percent of his or her birth weight in the first two to three days after birth. However, your baby should gain back this weight after 10 or 11 days. Signs your baby isn’t gaining weight may include a thin, drawn face, loose skin, and a decreased number of wet or soiled diapers. Most physicians want to see a newborn in the office at the end of the first week to check his or her weight. Lack of weight gain or continued weight loss in your baby may be a sign of illness or other conditions and needs to be treated. Talk with your baby’s doctor if your infant has any difficulties taking or digesting feedings, as serious illness could occur if left untreated.

Umbilical Cord Infection

If there is puss or red skin around the stump of your newborn's umbilical cord or an unpleasant smell, it may be infected. Discuss it with your baby’s doctor.

Diarrhea and/or Vomiting

These could signal a viral or bacterial infection of the intestine, an obstruction, or other problem. In some cases, your baby’s doctor may exam your baby's stool for bacteria, which requires treatment. Viral causes don’t require treatment and will resolve on their own in a week or so. If your baby has persistent diarrhea, this may lead to dehydration.

Irregular Stools

If your baby is breast- or bottle-fed and has very hard or very dry stools, it may be a sign that he or she needs more fluids, or may be losing too much fluid because of fever, illness, or heat. After your baby starts eating solid foods, hard stools may be caused by too many constipating foods, such as cereal or cow's milk, before your baby’s system can handle them.

Urination

Your baby should wet at least four diapers a day. If he or she shows any signs of distress while urinating, it could be a sign of infection or some other problem in the urinary tract. A salmon-colored or pinkish stain on your baby’s diaper is typically a sign of highly concentrated urine and isn’t usually a cause for concern. However, if staining persists, talk with your baby’s doctor. If there is blood in the urine or a bloody spot on a diaper, call the doctor at once. If bleeding is accompanied by abdominal pain or fever, seek medical attention immediately.

Intussusception

This rare intestinal blockage is a medical emergency that must be treated immediately. If your baby has a sudden onset of severe pain similar to severe colic with hard, distressed crying, this could be a sign of intussusception. Early on, your baby may seem fine between bouts of pain, but he or she will soon become fatigued and sluggish. Your baby may vomit and may pass bloody stool (sometimes described as "currant jelly" stool). Fever (often not present initially) may also appear, and shock may follow.

What to Do

To keep your baby as healthy as possible, breastfeed your child if possible, which will provide him or her with antibodies and enzymes that help protect against illness. If breastfeeding isn’t an option, use a commercial infant formula such as Similac or Enfamil. Don't allow smoking around your baby. Also, be sure to adhere to your baby's vaccine schedule and regular checkups. In general, call your baby’s doctor if your infant seems especially sluggish, is refusing food or drink, is vomiting (not just spitting-up), has diarrhea, or has a fever. Remember, if you’re worried, there’s probably a good reason even if you don’t recognize it, so don’t hesitate to call your baby’s doctor.

Self-Care Steps for Baby/Warning Signs

• If your baby seems distressed, hold and console him or her as much as possible.

• Keep your infant away from children who are sick, especially those with infectious diseases such as respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), stomach “flu,” influenza and other respiratory infections, cold sores (HSV1) and other obvious infectious diseases.

• Prevent family members who are sick from sharing food or drink with your baby, and from handling your baby and his or her toys.

Emergency Symptoms Not to Miss

Most life-threatening emergencies are easy to recognize. You would not overlook major bleeding, breathing that stops, a seizure or a coma. You would call 911 for help.

If you suspected poisoning, you would call the Poison Helpline at 1-800-222-1222.
Some emergency symptoms, however, can be missed or ignored. Here's that important list.
If your child has any of these symptoms, call your child's doctor now. If you can't reach them, go to the nearest ER. For a few of these symptoms, call 911.

Sick Newborn

Your baby is less than 1 month old and has a fever or looks sick. This includes vomiting, cough, or even poor color. Your baby may start to act abnormal if they are getting sick. Examples are poor feeding or sleeping too much. At this age, these symptoms are serious until proven otherwise. During the first month of life, infections can progress very fast.

Lethargy

Your young child is lethargic if she stares into space or won't smile. She won't play at all or hardly responds to you. Your child is too weak to cry or hard to wake up. These are serious symptoms.
Note: Sleeping more when sick is normal. When awake, your child should be alert.

Confusion

The sudden onset of confusion is serious. Your child is awake but says strange things. She sees things that aren't there. She doesn't recognize you.
Note: Brief confusion for 5 minutes or so can be seen with high fevers. This can be normal. But, if not brief, confusion can have some serious causes.

Severe Pain

Severe pain keeps your child from doing all normal activities. Your child won't play or even watch a favorite TV show. They just want to be left alone. Your child may cry when you try to hold or move them. Children with severe pain also can't sleep or can only fall asleep briefly.

Inconsolable Crying

Constant nonstop crying is caused by severe pain until proven otherwise. Suspect this in children who can't sleep or can only fall asleep briefly. When awake, they will not join in any normal activities. They won't play or be distracted. They may be very hard to console. Caution: Instead of crying, severe pain may cause your child to moan or whimper.

Can't Walk

If your child has learned to walk and then suddenly won't, call your doctor. He may have a serious injury to the legs or a problem with balance. If your child walks bent over holding his stomach, he may have appendicitis.

Vomits Bile

Vomiting that is bright green is most often bile. Unless your child drank a green liquid, this is not normal. It can mean the intestines are blocked up. This is a surgical emergency.
Note: Vomiting some yellow fluid is normal. The yellow color is from stomach acid.

Tender Belly

Press on your child's belly while she is distracted by a toy or book. You should be able to press in an inch or so without a problem. If your child winces or screams, it suggests a serious cause. If the belly is also bloated and hard, it's more urgent.
Note: If your child just pushes your hand away, you haven't distracted her enough.

Pain in Testicle or Scrotum

Sudden pain in the scrotum can be from twisting (torsion) of the testicle. This needs surgery within 8 hours to save the testicle.

Trouble Breathing

Breathing is essential for life. Most childhood deaths are caused by severe breathing problems. Breathing problems can be caused by throat or lung infections. Parents need to learn to recognize trouble breathing. If your child has tight croup or wheezing, they need to be seen now. Other bad signs are fast breathing, grunting with each breath, bluish lips, or retractions. This means the skin pulls in between the ribs with each breath. It is a sign of trouble breathing in younger children. Children with severe breathing problems can't drink, talk or cry. If your child is struggling to breathe, call 911.

Bluish or Gray Lips

Bluish lips, tongue, or gums can mean not enough oxygen in the bloodstream. Call 911.
Note: Bluish skin only around the mouth (not the lips) can be normal. It can be caused by being cold or being afraid.

Trouble Swallowing with Drooling

The sudden onset of drooling or spitting means your child is having trouble swallowing. Most often, this is from severe swelling in the throat. The cause can be a serious throat infection. A serious allergic reaction can also cause trouble swallowing. Swelling in the throat could close off the airway.

Dehydration

Dehydration means that your child's body fluids are low. Dehydration often is caused by severe vomiting and/or diarrhea. Suspect dehydration if your child has not urinated in 8 hours. Crying no tears and a dry inside of the mouth (tongue) are also signs. In young babies, the soft spot in the head is sunken. Dehydrated children are also tired and weak.
Note: If your child is alert, playful and active, he is not yet dehydrated. Children with severe dehydration become dizzy when they stand. Dehydration needs extra fluids by mouth or vein.

Bulging Soft Spot

The soft spot in your baby's head is tense and bulging. This means the brain is under pressure.

Stiff Neck

A stiff neck means your child can't touch the chin to the chest. To test for a stiff neck, lay your child down. Then lift his head until the chin touches the chest. If he fights you, place a toy or coin on the belly. This makes him have to look down to see it. Older children can simply be asked to look at their belly button. A stiff neck can be an early sign of meningitis.
Note: Without fever, a stiff neck is often from sore neck muscles.

Neck Injury

Talk to your child's doctor about any neck injury, regardless of the symptoms. Neck injuries carry a risk of damage to the spinal cord.

Purple or Blood-Red Spots or Dots

Purple or blood-red spots or dots on the skin need to be seen. When present with fever, they could be a sign of a serious bloodstream infection. The color of these serious rashes will not change when you press on them. The color of normal viral rashes will fade with skin pressure.
Note: Bumps and bruises on the shins from active play are different.

Fever (over 100.4°F or 38 °C) in the First 3 Months

Fevers in newborns and young babies are treated differently than fevers in older children. Bacterial infections are more common at this age and can get worse quickly. A fever is a rectal or forehead temp of 100.4 F° (38.0° C) or higher. All babies under 3 months of age with a fever need to be seen now. They need tests to decide if the cause is viral or bacterial.

Fever over 105° F (40.6° C)

A fever tells you that your child has an infection. Serious infections can occur with low-grade fevers as well as higher fevers. All the above symptoms are stronger signs of serious illness than the level of fever. Research shows fevers alone are a risk factor only when very high. That means levels above 105°F (40.6°C). So, call your doctor if your child's fever goes above 104° F (40° C). This is a safe rule.

Chronic Diseases

Most active chronic diseases can have some serious complications. If your child has a chronic disease, learn what those complications are. Find out how to recognize the early changes. Diseases at highest risk for serious infections are those that weaken the immune system. These include sickle cell disease, HIV, cancer, organ transplant, or taking oral steroids. If you are talking with health workers who don't know your child, speak up. Always tell them about your child's chronic disease (such as asthma). Never assume the doctors and nurses already know this.

If your child’s illness or injury is life-threatening, call 911.

Bellevue
Everett
Federal Way
Seattle

Last Reviewed: 12/21/2022

Last Revised: 01/13/2022

Note to parents: Emergencies in children

The New Year holidays are behind us, weekdays have begun. We hope you had a good rest and spent a wonderful time with your family and loved ones.

Before the New Year holidays, we published tips and reminders for parents on the safety of children during the holidays. However, you need to think about the safety of the baby not only during the holidays, so we decided to remind you of the importance of emergency care in dangerous conditions for the child. Let's talk about this with the pediatrician of the children's clinic "Mother and Child-IDK" Pikuleva Olga Vladimirovna. nine0004

"Of course, in the event of an emergency, first of all, my recommendation would be - call an ambulance so that your baby is examined by a doctor. Meanwhile, medical workers cannot always arrive very quickly, this problem is especially relevant in large multi-million cities. In some cases, even before the ambulance arrives, parents must take the measures necessary to save the child's life.In this article, we will tell you what emergency conditions are in children, and how to properly provide first aid in an emergency, based on professional advice. nine0004

In the event of an emergency in children, the first aid to be provided before the arrival of medical professionals usually consists of the following: One of the emergency conditions for which children may need first aid is hypothermia . Of course, if the baby's cheeks, ears, nose, arms or legs are frozen, nothing terrible has happened, and there is absolutely no need to call a doctor. If, along with hypothermia, the baby has symptoms such as blanching or blue skin, increased heart rate and breathing, or muscle tremors, and also if the baby has become lethargic, weak and indifferent to everything, medical help should be sought immediately. Before the arrival of medical workers, it is necessary to completely undress the baby and attach his body to the body of an adult. From above, you can put on a warm scarf or scarf and gently rub the baby's limbs with your palms. If it is still a baby, you can try to feed it with mother's milk or adapted milk formula. It is not recommended to take any other actions before the arrival of the doctors. nine0004

Another of the most common emergency conditions in a baby is overheating . Do not forget that young children do not yet have a perfect thermoregulation system, so they overheat and hypothermia much faster than their parents. Overheating or heat stroke can be caused by direct exposure to the sun, insufficient fluid intake, clothing that is too warm, or excessive humidity. Symptoms of this disease, in which it is necessary to call an ambulance, are headache, increased breathing and heart rate, vomiting and nausea, pallor, general weakness, limitation of motor activity and a significant increase in body temperature. In some cases, heat stroke can even lead to loss of consciousness. In such a situation, you should also call an ambulance as soon as possible, and before it arrives, undress the baby, move it to a cool place and put it so that the legs are slightly higher than the head. To reduce the temperature, you can make various lotions and compresses, as well as wipe the baby's torso with cold water, no medicines should be given before the doctors arrive. If the child does not refuse, it is necessary to give him ordinary non-carbonated water as often as possible. nine0004

Fever usually occurs as a result of inflammation in the body, the penetration of infectious agents into it or the release of special substances, fever mediators, including as a response to vaccination of the body. In this case, there is a change in the mechanisms of thermoregulation and, as a result, an increase in temperature. Although this is a protective reaction of the body, but with it, for every degree of fever, the heart rate increases by 10 beats and the load on the body increases. Therefore, fever always requires attention from parents and sometimes the provision of emergency active assistance. According to modern data, it is required to bring down the temperature only if the state is disturbed or the numbers rise above 38.5 degrees, in the presence of severe chronic pathologies or febrile convulsions that have previously occurred. If the child tolerates even high temperatures relatively well, you just need to give him the opportunity to have a temperature and cope with the infection on his own, carefully monitoring his condition. nine0004

Depending on the type of fever - white or red , the help will also differ. With red fever, you can not bring down the temperature to 38.5 and above, provided it is well tolerated, with white fever with vasospasm, therapy should be started immediately. Children with fever are given antipyretics in different forms, depending on age, but these should be drugs based on paracetamol or nurofen. They are dosed according to age and body weight, usually the calculation is indicated on the box. With white fever, it is also necessary to take antispasmodics - "Papaverine" or "no-shpa" Non-drug methods will also help - with a red form, rubbing with a damp towel with water at room temperature, and with a white one - rubbing the legs and hands with applying heating pads with warm water to them . It is necessary to undress the child and ensure coolness in the room, cover the child with a blanket when chilly. At a very high temperature, before the arrival of doctors, cold compresses can be applied in the area of large vessels - in the area of \u200b\u200bthe elbows, armpits, popliteal and inguinal folds. You can not rub the child with alcohol, vinegar or vodka. It is necessary to drink a lot of the child so that he sweats and the body cools down. If, with all your efforts, the temperature does not go down, it is better to call an ambulance and examine the child. nine0004

Bleedings of varying severity are especially common in children. As a rule, no special therapy is required for minor abrasions and scratches, however, in some situations, serious blood loss can even threaten the life of the baby. First aid for young children in emergencies, accompanied by significant loss of blood, is as follows: the baby should be laid so that the wound from which blood oozes is located above the level of the heart. Next, on the damaged skin, you need to attach a sterile napkin and press it firmly with your palms. Then the napkin should be replaced, tightly, but not strongly, bandaged and applied to the wound with a pressure bandage nine0004

Some parents are faced with such a phenomenon in their baby as convulsions. As a rule, in such a situation, the baby suddenly freezes with outstretched limbs, and after that there is a short-term loss of consciousness, accompanied by involuntary contractions of the baby's arms and legs. Often an attack is accompanied by blue lips, the appearance of foam coming from the mouth, rolling eyes and other extremely unpleasant symptoms that often frighten young parents. In most cases, the cause of seizures lies in a significant increase in body temperature. This condition is very dangerous and requires an immediate medical examination, so an ambulance should be called as soon as possible. In this case, nothing can be done before the arrival of medical workers, just make sure that the baby in convulsions does not hit or get hurt nine0004

If the baby suddenly faints , regardless of the cause that provoked the fainting, the following recommendations should be followed: first of all, splash cold water on his face. Then, at a distance of 5 centimeters from the spout, hold a cotton swab abundantly moistened with ammonia for 2-3 seconds; I do not recommend bringing the cotton wool too close.

One of the most dangerous medical emergencies in children requiring urgent treatment is entry of a foreign object into the respiratory tract . Little kids love to put everything in their mouths and try it on their teeth, so it is very important to make sure that there are no small parts among the baby’s toys that he could swallow. Despite the fact that parents in most cases pay special attention to the choice of toys, various foreign objects enter the respiratory organs of babies quite often. As a rule, in such a situation, the baby begins to turn blue, suffocate, cannot scream, tries to cough, but to no avail, makes characteristic whistling sounds. Naturally, in this state of affairs, it is necessary to call emergency medical care as soon as possible. Much here depends on the correct tactics of the actions of parents. Place your son or daughter breast-feeding in your palm, so that his face looks down. With the thumb and forefinger of one hand, firmly grasp the baby's lower jaw. Sit on a chair, and place the hand with which you hold the child on the knee or thigh. Hold the baby so that his head is lower than his torso. Then, with your free palm, sharply hit the baby on the back in the area between the shoulder blades 4 times. Turn the baby over and press hard with your fingers just below his nipples for 5 seconds. Alternate these movements until you manage to remove a foreign object, or until qualified medical assistance is provided. nine0004

In all of the above situations, first aid can be very important for preserving not only the health, but also the life of a small child. Unfortunately, many mothers and fathers in the presence of danger simply panic and forget even the most basic things.

Children are very active and, left unattended by their parents, can fall from various heights - from small chairs to quite large heights. At the same time, any fall is accompanied by fear and worries of parents about the health of the child. However, in cases where children fall, it is important to restrain their emotions and immediately take active steps to assess the situation and provide first or emergency care to the child. In this case, first aid will depend on the specific situation in which the injury occurred. First of all, falls from a height are a particular danger and characteristic features; at an early age, the greatest risk of injury is in the head area, since it is the heaviest in children and they fall head down. In this case, the parietal region becomes the most frequent zone of damage. nine0004

We will give you general instructions, but it is worth remembering that each injury and each child is unique, you need to evaluate both the type of injury, the height of the fall and other factors. There are general first aid measures given to children in cases of injury from falls. So, if the child falls from any height, you need to put the child on his back, while he should be laid on the floor or on a hard bed without pillows. If you need to move away from the child, you need to put him on the side, turning his face down. If the head is injured, do not soothe the child in such ways as applying to the chest or motion sickness, as well as drinking liquids. It is important for relatively high falls to immediately call a doctor or an ambulance to examine the child. Apply a cold compress to the impact site. If there is an abrasion or wound at the site of impact, you must first stop the bleeding with a clean, dry cloth, and only then apply cold compresses. In no case should children be given any sedatives or painkillers before the arrival of the doctors, and it is important that the child does not fall asleep before the arrival of the doctors - shake him gently, talk to him, do not let him fall asleep. nine0004

Be healthy and attentive to the health of your children!

Pikuleva Olga Vladimirovna,

pediatrician of the children's polyclinic "Mother and Child-IDK" Samara

Children from 0 to 5 years. When should you urgently take your child to the doctor?

We are all very worried when a child gets sick; including the fear that he will certainly be sent to the hospital. And the children's hospital, as you know, is like this: you get in with one, you leave with another. That is why mothers often refuse hospitalization or postpone a visit to the doctor, hoping that the disease will recede on its own, others prefer online consultations on forums and advice from grandmothers and girlfriends. nine0004

Fortunately for all mothers, in most cases modern medicine makes it possible to diagnose and provide the necessary assistance very quickly, resorting to hospitalization only as a last resort. Something like in the famous series with Hugh Laurie - and MRI, and all the necessary tests, and CT scans, and, most importantly, competent pediatricians and highly specialized specialists. Unfortunately, not all polyclinics have such a set, but in one place in Moscow they definitely have it - in the department of emergency pediatrics of the Federal State Autonomous Institution "NMIC for Children's Health" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, where doctors usually need no more than 2 hours to establish an accurate diagnosis, taking all the necessary analyzes and quickly receive their results, stabilize the child and send him home if there is no threat to life and indications for emergency hospitalization. nine0004

If you understand that your child needs a prompt consultation of a specialist, but for some reason you postpone the visit to the doctor, if you are afraid that the child will be immediately sent to the hospital ward “to clarify the diagnosis”, or he will not be given due Attention, just come to the pediatric emergency department of the Federal State Autonomous Institution "NMIC of Children's Health" of the Ministry of Health of Russia. Here they immediately do all the necessary research and provide the child with assistance as efficiently and quickly as possible. Every year, more than 3,000 children receive care in the department, and only 2% of them are hospitalized by doctors in a round-the-clock hospital. The rest are sent home after all the necessary procedures with appropriate recommendations, or will be observed for several days in a day hospital. The department accepts children without an appointment, works on CHI, VHI and on a commercial basis. nine0004

If your child is between 0 and 5 years old, do not neglect visits to the doctor because your child is at risk. It is this age that accounts for most of the serious diseases that are well studied by medicine, are well treated, but require prompt medical intervention. Tatyana Vladimirovna Kulichenko, Head of the Department of Emergency Pediatrics, FGAU "NMIC of Children's Health" of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Doctor of Medical Sciences, pediatrician of the highest category, WHO expert, spoke about the cases in which it is worth immediately contacting specialists for young children (we are talking about children first 5 years of life). nine0004

High temperature (fever)

First, it is important to define what a fever is from a doctor's point of view. Fever is an increase in body temperature greater than 38°C if measured rectally (preferred as this is the most reliable way to determine body temperature in any person) and greater than 37.5°C if measured axillary depression.

Not every fever is a very bad sign, but with children under three years old it is better to play it safe and see a doctor as soon as possible. There are no legislative "terms of patience"; there is no need to wait three days, as pediatricians usually say: all the most severe infections develop very quickly and can be threatening from the first hours of the illness. The sooner you contact a specialist, the better. Examination of the child, instrumental and laboratory studies will help to understand the cause of the fever and quickly stabilize the child's condition. nine0004

If just a high temperature seems to you not enough reason to see a doctor, then pay attention to the symptoms of intoxication:

The child refuses to drink (not to eat, namely to drink).
There is lethargy and drowsiness, it is difficult to establish eye contact with the child (some pediatricians say about such patients "the child looks into himself").

If a child develops a rash on the skin along with an increase in body temperature, then you should go to the doctor immediately. nine0004

Cough

Cough is a fairly common symptom in children. Precisely because it seems to be a common, “understandable” sign of illness, parents often miss the moment of timely visit to the doctor. Cough can be caused not only by problems with the organs of the respiratory system. It can signal a malfunction in the cardiovascular or digestive systems. It can even be caused by a sulfur plug in the ear. Until you eliminate the cause, the symptom will not disappear!

Take your child to the doctor immediately if:

The child is less than 6 months old (whether or not he has a fever or other symptoms).
The child has a nocturnal cough.
The child has a cough to vomit.
Cough does not go away for more than 3 weeks.
Barking cough, often accompanied by hoarseness and noisy breathing.

Difficulty breathing

Any difficulty in breathing can be a life-threatening symptom, especially in infants. How to understand that breathing is difficult in an infant: when inhaled, retraction is visible along the edge of the costal arch (the child, as it were, strongly draws in the stomach when breathing). Difficulty in breathing in older children can be noticed if there is no fluency of speech: the child cannot speak in long sentences (as a rule, these are obstructive bronchitis or asthmatic conditions). nine0004

Take your child to the doctor immediately if you notice signs of difficulty breathing, especially if the breath is grunting, groaning, or you hear wheezing or whistling when breathing, even at a distance.

Vomiting, diarrhea (diarrhea, loose stools)

These symptoms are often associated with simple and well-known conditions that are caused by extremely unpleasant, but in modern conditions, with proper treatment, not life-threatening intestinal infections. But if the child is not fed with special solutions for rehydration, if the volume of fluid losses is not replenished correctly, then vomiting and liquefied stools are dangerous because they lead to rapid dehydration and electrolyte disturbances due to loss of water and salts. nine0004

It happens that loose stools are not a serious problem if it happened, for example, once. If you observe it more often 3 times a day, this is a reason to sound the alarm, especially if you notice the first signs of dehydration:

Decreased frequency and volume of urination. If your child has not peed for 5 hours, see a doctor immediately!
Dryness of the skin and mucous membranes: there are fewer tears, saliva, the skin has become dry and unusually flabby.
Thirst. nine0093

When to take the child to the doctor immediately:

The child refuses to drink (does not want to drink despite being very dehydrated).
The child stops urinating (break more than 5 hours).
The child is lethargic, capricious, not interested in toys (even if there is no temperature).
"Sink" eyes or fontanel (this is rare, but it is a formidable symptom).
There is blood in the stool (even if there is no diarrhea). nine0093

Skin rashes

Skin rashes are not always normal. If the rash is accompanied by fever, this is always a reason for urgent medical attention. There are children diagnosed with skin diseases (for example, atopic dermatitis or psoriasis), in which case the parents are usually already trained on how to behave when the rash increases or the skin process worsens. Then you need to go to the doctor if the measures taken previously recommended to you turn out to be ineffective - and you will most likely go to an allergist or dermatologist, i.e. to a specialist you know. But if the rash appeared for the first time, if the rashes are not associated with understandable provoking factors, this is an occasion to consult a doctor. Not all rashes are a sign of a serious illness, but a clear diagnosis by a specialist will calm you down and allow you to quickly deal with the problem. nine0004

Pain

Pain is always a symptom of anxiety, which the human body signals about danger. An intense and growing pain symptom is always a reason to consult a specialist.