Urine infections in babies
Urinary Tract Infections In Babies
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Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) (for Parents)
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in kids.
They happen when bacteria (germs) get into the bladder or kidneys.
A baby with a UTI may have a fever, throw up, or be fussy. Older kids may have a fever, have pain when peeing, need to pee a lot, or have lower belly pain.
Kids with UTIs need to see a doctor. These infections won't get better on their own. UTIs are easy to treat and usually clear up in a week or so.
Taking antibiotics kills the germs and helps kids get well again. To be sure antibiotics work, you must give all the prescribed doses — even when your child starts feeling better.
What Are the Signs & Symptoms of a UTI?
Most UTIs happen in the lower part of the urinary tract — the urethra and bladder. This type of UTI is called cystitis. A child with cystitis may have:
- pain, burning, or a stinging sensation when peeing
- an increased urge or more frequent need to pee (though only a very small amount of pee may be passed)
- fever
- waking up at night a lot to go to the bathroom
- wetting problems, even though the child is potty trained
- belly pain in the area of the bladder (generally below the belly button)
- foul-smelling pee that may look cloudy or contain blood
An infection that travels up the ureters to the kidneys is called pyelonephritis (pie-low-nih-FRY-tis) and is usually more serious.
It causes many of these same symptoms, but the child often looks sicker and is more likely to have a fever (sometimes with shaking chills), pain in the side or back, severe tiredness, or vomiting.
What Causes UTIs?
UTIs are much more common in girls because a girl's urethra is shorter and closer to the anus (where poop comes out). Uncircumcised boys younger than 1 year also have a slightly higher risk for a UTI.
Other risk factors for a UTI include:
- a problem in the urinary tract (for example, a malformed kidney or a blockage somewhere along the tract of normal urine flow)
- an abnormal backward flow (reflux) of urine from the bladder up the ureters and toward the kidneys. This is known as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR), and many kids with a UTI are found to have it.
- poor toilet and hygiene habits
- family history of UTIs
UTIs are easy to treat, but it's important to catch them early. Undiagnosed or untreated UTIs can lead to kidney damage.
How Are UTIs Diagnosed?
To diagnose a UTI, health care providers ask questions about what's going on, do an exam, and take a sample of pee for testing.
How a sample is taken depends on a child's age. Older kids might simply need to pee into a sterile cup. For younger children in diapers, a catheter is usually preferred. This is when a thin tube is inserted into the urethra up to the bladder to get a "clean" urine sample.
The sample may be used for a urinalysis (a test that microscopically checks the urine for germs or pus) or a urine culture (which attempts to grow and identify bacteria in a laboratory). Knowing what bacteria are causing the infection can help your doctor choose the best treatment.
How Are UTIs Treated?
UTIs are treated with antibiotics. After several days of antibiotics, your doctor may repeat the urine tests to be sure that the infection is gone. It's important to make sure of this because an incompletely treated UTI can come back or spread.
If a child has severe pain when peeing, the doctor may also prescribe medicine that numbs the lining of the urinary tract. (This medicine temporarily causes the pee to turn orange.)
Give prescribed antibiotics on schedule for as many days as your doctor directs. Keep track of your child's trips to the bathroom, and ask your child about symptoms like pain or burning during peeing. These symptoms should improve within 2 to 3 days after antibiotics are started.
Encourage your child to drink plenty of fluids, but skip drinks that containe caffeine (which can irritate the bladder), such as soda and iced tea.
Most UTIs are cured within a week with treatment.
Treatment for More Severe UTIs
Kids with a more severe infection may need treatment in a hospital so they can get antibiotics by injection or IV (intravenously, given into a vein right into the bloodstream).
This might happen if:
- the child has high fever or looks very ill, or a kidney infection is likely
- the child is younger than 6 months old
- bacteria from the infected urinary tract may have spread to the blood
- the child is dehydrated or is vomiting and cannot take any fluids or medicine by mouth
Kids with VUR will be watched closely by the doctor.
VUR might be treated with medicines or, less commonly, surgery. Most kids outgrow mild forms of VUR, but some can develop kidney damage or kidney failure later in life.
Can UTIs Be Prevented?
These tips can help prevent UTIs:
- In infants and toddlers, change diapers often to help prevent the spread of bacteria that cause UTIs. When kids are potty trained, it's important to teach them good hygiene. Girls should know to wipe from front to rear — not rear to front — to prevent germs from spreading from the anus to the urethra.
- School-age girls should avoid bubble baths and strong soaps that might cause irritation. They also should wear cotton underwear instead of nylon because it's less likely to encourage bacterial growth.
- All kids should be taught not to "hold it" when they have to go. Pee that stays in the bladder gives bacteria a good place to grow.
- Kids should drink plenty of fluids but avoid those with caffeine.
When Should I Call the Doctor?
Call the doctor right away if your child has an unexplained fever with shaking chills, especially if there's also back pain or any type of pain when peeing.
Also call if your child has any of these:
- bad-smelling, bloody, or discolored pee
- low back pain or belly pain (especially below the belly button)
- a fever of over 101°F (38.3°C) in children or 100.4°F (38°C) rectally in infants
Call the doctor if your infant has a fever, feeds poorly, vomits repeatedly, or seems unusually irritable.
Urinary tract infection in newborns.
Urinary tract infection in young children is no less common than viral respiratory infections. Vomiting and nausea, cramps in the abdomen are often attributed by parents to colic, malnutrition or intestinal infections. However, with such symptoms, it is recommended to consult a doctor. If this is a urinary tract infection, then its untimely diagnosis and treatment will lead to unpleasant consequences for the baby.
A urinary tract infection occurs when bacteria in the child's body begin to multiply rapidly in the urinary tract.
Most often this pathology is caused by microbes such as:
- Escherichia coli,
- Staphylococcus aureus,
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
- Klebsiella
These include:
- vesicoureteral reflux;
- narrowing of the ureters;
- malposition of the organs of the urinary system;
- horseshoe kidney and others
Another cause of infection is the presence of a microbial focus in the body.
With an infectious-inflammatory pathology of other organs, the bacterial flora can enter the kidneys and urinary tract, causing inflammation there. Also, the bacterium can enter the baby's body from the mother during breastfeeding.
Genitourinary infection in infants presents with the same symptoms as in adults. The problem is that a newborn baby cannot complain.
Parents should keep a close eye on their child to detect symptoms of illness.
Initial symptoms include tearfulness, restlessness, poor sleep and loss of appetite.
In children under one year old, a urinary tract infection may be manifested by a decrease or increase from the age norm of urine excreted, a change in the color and saturation of urine (the child's urine may become bright yellow (with an increase in the concentration of urine, which is usually accompanied by a decrease in its quantity), red or brown (admixture of blood.) When bacteria appear, the urine does not change its color, but becomes cloudy and loses its transparency.
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Edema may appear due to the characteristics of the baby's body, the appearance of an unpleasant smell from the diaper.
The appearance of restlessness and crying when urinating, which indicates the presence of pain and cramps in the baby. Often, mothers note that the child strains when urinating. In this case, an intermittent stream of urine is recorded.
The rise in temperature to high numbers, if it does not go away after taking antipyretics and persists for several days, this is a reason to suspect an infection.
Infection of the genitourinary system in infants is detected by laboratory analysis of urine, urine culture, blood test, b / x blood test.
In case of inflammation, blood and urine tests show an increase in the number of leukocytes. With bakposev, it is possible to identify which bacterium caused the infection, and determine the individual sensitivity of the microbe to the antibiotic.
As noted above, the cause of infection in infants may be a congenital malformation of the genitourinary organs.
If this pathology is suspected, the following examinations should be performed:
- ultrasound examination of the urinary system organs;
- voiding cystography;
- retrograde radiography of the kidneys;
- CT or MRI of the kidneys.
The basis for the treatment of urinary tract infection is antibiotic therapy. A broad-spectrum antibiotic or a drug based on sensitivity is prescribed. The antibiotic is taken orally or injected intravenously.
It is important that if an infection is detected, the infant must be hospitalized for the duration of treatment.
In addition to antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs and antipyretics are used. Moreover, many medicines are produced in a convenient form of application, for example, in candles.
Herbal uroseptics are often prescribed, which do not have a toxic effect and contribute to the recovery of the child. In no case should you start treatment on your own or cancel medications without a doctor's prescription.
This will lead to the fact that the disease will go into a latent stage and will periodically worsen, again and again causing unpleasant symptoms. In addition, many drugs are contraindicated for children and their uncontrolled use will bring irreparable harm to the child.
Infection in infants with malformations will constantly recur despite good treatment. Therefore, the only way out is to carry out an operational correction of the defect. It should be noted that the operation is possible only after the acute inflammatory process is eliminated.
Prevention of urinary tract infections in infants.
In order to rule out an illness in a child, the following points should be followed:
- Carefully monitor the hygiene of the child's urinary organs.
- avoid hypothermia of the baby;
- monitor the rationality of nutrition.
Every year about 1400 children are treated in the Department of Prematurity and Pathology of Newborns. Of these, with urinary tract infection 65-70, with various congenital malformations of the kidneys and urinary system 28-30 children.
All children undergo a complex of examinations and treatment according to the developed standards. All children are discharged with improvement and recovery and are subsequently observed by nephrologists and urologists in the regional children's clinic.
Infection of the genitourinary system is not such a terrible diagnosis. With a complete examination and high-quality, adequately selected therapy, the child will recover without any residual effects.
Medical advice for doctors | Remedium.ru
02.12.2022
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Risk factors for birth asphyxia
IU Taranushenko 1.2 , N.A. Parshin 1.2 , A.A. Vaganov 1.2 , T.V. Ovchinnikova 2 ; 1 Krasnoyarsk State Medical University named after. prof. V.F. Voyno-Yasenetsky, 2 KKKTSOMD
Introduction. Intrauterine hypoxia and asphyxia during childbirth are the leading causes of infant mortality in the structure of individual conditions that occur in the perinatal period .
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11/29/2022
Algorithms for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic tonsillitis
T.Yu. Vladimirova 1 , N.Yu. Lenshina 2 ; 1 Samara State Medical University, 2 Vocation LLC (Samara)
Introduction. Features of the course of chronic tonsillitis may vary depending on the age of the patient, his comorbid status and the severity of the disease. One of the characteristic manifestations of the disease are local signs of chronic ...
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11/28/2022
Vitamin D sufficiency and the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines in newborns from mothers with endocrine diseases
N.E. Verisokina 1.
2 , L.Ya. Klimov 1 , I.N. Zakharova 3 , A.L. Zaplatnikov 3 , V.V. Zubkov 4 , A.A. Momotova 1 , V.A. Kuryaninov 1.5 , R.A. Atanesyan 1 , T.V. Zheleznyakova 2 , M.A. Petrosyan 1.2 , D.V. Bobryshev 1 D.A. Volkov 1 , Z.A. Magomadov 1 ; Stavropol State...
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11/24/2022
Lecture: Trajectory of a cough
We present to your attention a lecture for pediatricians and otorhinolaryngologists "Cough Trajectory"
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11/24/2022
Topical Treatment of Acute Rhinosinusitis in the Age of COVID-19
A.
A. Krivopalov, S.V. Ryazantsev, V.V. Turieva, A.E. Golovanov ; St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, Nose and Speech
Introduction . Acute rhinosinusitis occupies from 40 to 60% of the incidence in the structure of ENT pathology. The causative agent of COVID-19 is similar to others...
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11/23/2022
Efficacy of dornase alfa as part of basic therapy in children with cystic fibrosis during the COVID-19 pandemic
O.I. Simonova 1.2 , Yu.V. Gorinova 1 , A.S. Chernyavskaya 1.2 ; 1 National Research Center for Children's Health, 2 First Moscow State Medical University. THEM. Sechenov
In the article, the authors presented an overview of the results of international clinical trials and recent publications, as well as their own experience in the use of the enzymatic mucolytic - dornase alfa .
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11/22/2022
Gum inflammation: symptoms, causes, treatment
Gum disease, mainly gingivitis and periodontitis, are common dental conditions that affect the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gum, cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. In severe and advanced cases, gum disease can cause tooth loss...
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11/21/2022
Evaluation of the impact of a special sound signal on the functional state of the hearing organ (experimental study)
V.V. Dvoryanchikov 1 , M.S. Kuznetsov 2 , S.M. Logatkin 3 , A.E. Golovanov 2 ; 1 St. Petersburg Research Institute of ENT, 2 VMA im.
