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Trans vag ultrasound probe


Transvaginal ultrasound: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia

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Transvaginal ultrasound is a test used to look at a woman's uterus, ovaries, tubes, cervix and pelvic area.

Transvaginal means across or through the vagina. The ultrasound probe will be placed inside the vagina during the test.

You will lie down on your back on a table with your knees bent. Your feet may be held in stirrups.

The ultrasound technician or doctor will introduce a probe into the vagina. It may be mildly uncomfortable, but will not hurt. The probe is covered with a condom and a gel.

  • The probe transmits sound waves and records the reflections of those waves off body structures. The ultrasound machine creates an image of the body part.
  • The image is displayed on the ultrasound machine. In many offices, the patient can see the image also.
  • The provider will gently move the probe around the area to see the pelvic organs.

In some cases, a special transvaginal ultrasound method called saline infusion sonography (SIS) may be needed to more clearly view the uterus.

You will be asked to undress, usually from the waist down. A transvaginal ultrasound is done with your bladder empty or partly filled.

In most cases, there is no pain. Some women may have mild discomfort from the pressure of the probe. Only a small part of the probe is placed into the vagina.

Transvaginal ultrasound may be done for the following problems:

  • Abnormal findings on a physical exam, such as cysts, fibroid tumors, or other growths
  • Abnormal vaginal bleeding and menstrual problems
  • Certain types of infertility
  • Ectopic pregnancy
  • Pelvic pain

This ultrasound is also used during pregnancy.

The pelvic structures or fetus is normal.

An abnormal result may be due to many conditions. Some problems that may be seen include:

  • Birth defects
  • Cancers of the uterus, ovaries, vagina, and other pelvic structures
  • Infection, including pelvic inflammatory disease
  • Benign growths in or around the uterus and ovaries (such as cysts or fibroids)
  • Endometriosis
  • Pregnancy outside of the uterus (ectopic pregnancy)
  • Twisting of the ovaries

There are no known harmful effects of transvaginal ultrasound on humans.

Unlike traditional x-rays, there is no radiation exposure with this test.

Endovaginal ultrasound; Ultrasound - transvaginal; Fibroids - transvaginal ultrasound; Vaginal bleeding - transvaginal ultrasound; Uterine bleeding - transvaginal ultrasound; Menstrual bleeding - transvaginal ultrasound; Infertility - transvaginal ultrasound; Ovarian - transvaginal ultrasound; Abscess - transvaginal ultrasound

  • Ultrasound in pregnancy
  • Female reproductive anatomy
  • Uterus
  • Transvaginal ultrasound

Brown D, Levine D. The uterus. In: Rumack CM, Levine D, eds. Diagnostic Ultrasound. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 15.

Dolan MS, Hill CC, Valea FA. Benign gynecologic lesions: vulva, vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct, ovary, ultrasound imaging of pelvic structures. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 18.

Hur HC, Lobo RA. Ectopic pregnancy: etiology, pathology, diagnosis, management, fertility prognosis. In: Gershenson DM, Lentz GM, Valea FA, Lobo RA, eds. Comprehensive Gynecology. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 17.

Kelly CM. Ectopic pregnancy. In: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. Conn's Current Therapy 2022. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:1240-1243.

Updated by: John D. Jacobson, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A. D.A.M. Editorial team.

Ovarian Cysts | Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

The ovaries are part of the female reproductive system. They produce a woman's eggs and make female hormones. Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled sacs in or on an ovary. They usually form during ovulation, when the ovary releases an egg. They are usually harmless and go away by themselves. Most women have them sometime during their lives.

Most ovarian cysts are small and don't cause symptoms. Women may not find out that they have them until they have a pelvic exam. If there are symptoms, they may include:

  • Pressure
  • Bloating
  • Swelling
  • Pain in the lower abdomen, on the side where the cyst is

If your health care provider finds a cyst, you may be able to wait to see if it gets bigger. You may need surgery if you have pain, are past menopause, or if the cyst does not go away. If a cyst bursts or causes bleeding, you should get medical help right away. Birth control pills can help prevent new cysts.

Rarely, ovarian cysts can become cancerous. This risk increases as you get older.

A health problem that involves ovarian cysts is polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Women with PCOS can have high levels of male hormones, irregular or no periods, and small ovarian cysts.

Dept. of Health and Human Services Office on Women's Health

  • ClinicalTrials.gov: Ovarian Cysts (National Institutes of Health)
  • Article: Spatial heterogeneity of infiltrating T cells in high-grade serous ovarian cancer revealed. ..
  • Article: Distinct clinicopathological features of ovarian endometriosis after long-term exposure to mifepristone.
  • Article: Comparison of immunohistochemical characteristics of endometriomas with non-endometriotic benign ovarian cysts.
  • Ovarian Cysts -- see more articles

Microconvex Probes for Ultrasound Machines

The microconvex probe has a key feature - the presence of a microscopic scanning head. If we compare a microconvex device with a convex one, we will see that the difference in the sizes of their heads is significant: in a convex one it is several times larger.

These devices are usually considered within the framework of the classification, which implies their differentiation depending on the features of the modification and functional purpose. Each sensor has its own characteristics and features, which should be studied separately in order to have a general idea. nine0003

Main types of microconvex probes

  • Microconvex probe for examination of superficial (external) organs is mainly intended for neonatology and pediatrics, for conducting ultrasound of the brain of newborns, certain surgical manipulations. Such a sensor has a small radius of curvature (less than 30 mm).
  • The Intracavitary Micro Convex Probe is available in multiple configurations (transvaginal, transrectal, and recto-vaginal ultrasound transducers). nine0014

Consider separately the types of microconvex intracavitary sensors.

Transrectal transducer

Transrectal microconvex transducer Ultrasound allows you to analyze the state of the prostate, detect possible pathological processes and changes in it. In addition, such a sensor is used in cases where it is necessary to take a biopsy of the prostate.

  • The transrectal sensor has a straightened handle that the specialist will hold during the procedure, as well as a special head with symmetrical parameters, which greatly facilitates the process of rotating the device around its own axis and allows analyzing the state of tissues in different projections. nine0014
  • This is a direct view transducer with a fairly wide scanning angle (120-150°).
  • Optional accessories are available to improve the convenience and efficiency of biopsy. For example, a sensor may be equipped with a biopsy guide, a special channel for biopsy, a measuring ruler, devices to facilitate the fixation of syringes and other instruments.
  • The transrectal transducer has a radius of curvature from 8 to 11 mm. At the same time, such a sensor requires a certain frequency range (not less than 5-8 MHz). nine0014

Transvaginal transducer

Microconvex type transvaginal transducer is necessary for monitoring the current state and individual characteristics of the fetus in the early stages of pregnancy in women. Such a sensor is also indispensable for ultrasound of the pelvic organs for diagnosing possible gynecological pathologies in patients, monitoring the course of diseases and determining the effectiveness of the prescribed therapy.

  • The transvaginal transducer has an oblique view about its own axis. This facilitates convenience in ultrasound examination of the uterus due to its specific location and anatomical features. nine0014
  • This device usually has a radius of curvature of 10-14 mm.
  • Choose from a transvaginal transducer with a straight handle for standard gynecological procedures or a beveled probe for biopsy and in vitro fertilization.
  • It is best to choose an ultrasound transducer with a beveled handle, as it is more ergonomic for examinations in the gynecological chair.
  • Transvaginal ultrasound transducers in most cases have a frequency range of 4-7 MHz: the fact is that the depth of localization of the uterus is quite easily detected, therefore, as a rule, there is no need to use higher frequencies. nine0014
  • If a transvaginal probe is used, the scanning angle will be 120-140°. This is enough, since the uterus is in the range of study.

Rectal-vaginal probe

Rectal-vaginal microsensor belongs to universal devices as it combines some functions of transvaginal and transrectal analogues. That is why such an ultrasound sensor is recommended to be purchased if it is necessary to carry out mass scanning in various fields of application. nine0003

  • This is a sensor with a frequency range of 4 to 8 MHz (may be a wider range - it all depends on the company).
  • The universal sensor has a wide scanning angle (its range is 140-200°).
  • Another advantage of such devices is their reasonable price.
  • This type of sensor has a small radius of curvature (from 8 to 11 mm) and requires a direct view.
  • If there is no need for in vitro fertilization or biopsy, then the recto-vaginal sensor will be the most optimal and profitable acquisition. nine0014
SIUI sensors Mindray sensors Aloka sensors Philips sensors

You can buy a transducer for your ultrasonic diagnostic system, get advice and find out the cost of the devices, by contacting our managers at the specified numbers or via the contact form. nine0003

+7 (495) 215-12-56
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Types of ultrasound sensors, application, parameters of the main types of sensors

  • Service Service
    • nine0011 Types of ultrasound sensors. Parameters of the main types of sensors, application, problems, repair

This article describes all the main types of ultrasonic transducers for modern ultrasound machines. For all types of sensors, the main parameters and characteristics, description, applications are indicated. Consider the main (typical) malfunctions and breakdowns of each type and repair of ultrasound sensors.

  • Convex probe
    • nine0011 Microconvex probe
  • Linear sensor
  • Sector sensor
  • Phased Sector Sensor
  • Intracavitary transducer (transrectal/anal, transvaginal, transurethral)
  • Biplane sensor
  • 3D / 4D (Live-3D) sensor
  • Matrix volumetric sensor
  • Pencil Doppler Probe
  • Transesophageal TEE transducer
  • Video Endoscopy Sensor
  • Biopsy probes
  • Catheter (intraoperative) transducer
  • Intravascular transducer
  • Laparoscopic transducers
  • Single crystal sensors
  • Mechanical sensors
  • Ophthalmic sensors
  • Transcranial transducer
  • Otolaryngological sensors
  • Veterinary Sensors

Important characteristics of ultrasound transducer

Each type of transducer of a modern ultrasound machine has a number of characteristics:

  • Frequency [MHz] (main operating frequency / frequency set for multi-frequency sensor)
  • Radius of curvature of the scanning module [mm] (for convex and micro convex sensors)
  • Length (dimensions) of the scanning module [mm] for linear, sectorial and some other sensors
  • Angle of view [degrees]
  • Depth [mm], Penetration
  • Compatible with biopsy kits
  • List of compatible (supported) ultrasound machine models
  • Applications , modes and types of ultrasound examinations (compatible sets of settings in the software of the ultrasound machine)
  • Dimensions [mm]
  • Manufacturer

Booklets, promotional materials and even on the websites of manufacturers and suppliers do not always indicate all these parameters and characteristics. Some of them are not relevant for certain types of sensors (you can also find the term ultrasonic transducer from English. "transducer" - sensor). It is certainly important to pay attention to the frequency(s) of a transducer, but beyond that, applications and compatible modes of operation must always be considered, as frequency alone does not provide comprehensive information about a particular transducer.

Contact us: we will answer any questions about ultrasonic equipment. Let us help you check your status. We will conduct a joint remote diagnostics. Or we will come for a full check on the spot. nine0003

Ultrasound convex probe

  • Frequency: 2-7.5 MHz
  • Penetration depth: up to 25 cm

You can also find the name abdominal sensor (due to its main field of application)

The frequency of sensors of this type usually varies from 2 to 7.5 MHz, and in some devices the frequencies of the sensor may be higher. Many sensor models can work with the so-called harmonics, which makes visualization better in many types of research. nine0003

The penetration depth of this type of sensors is about 25 cm, which is quite sufficient for all areas of its application. The display dimensions of the organ under study are several centimeters wider than the sensor itself. those. convex sensors have a relatively wide field of view.

Ultrasonic sensors of this type are used to study deep-seated objects: abdominal examinations (general examinations of the abdominal cavity), hip joints, reproductive system, etc. That is, convex sensors are used both in general practice, in obstetrics and gynecology, as well as in other areas. nine0003

The convex probe is supplied with most modern ultrasound machines. it, of course, may be absent in some cases, but in general it is almost impossible to imagine a multi-purpose ultrasound scanner of a wide profile without an abdominal convex probe.

Frequent malfunctions of this type of ultrasound transducer:

  • Erase acoustic lens
  • Problems with cable, cuff
  • Failure of the piezo elements
  • Cracks in hull

Ultrasound microconvex probe

The structure of the probe is identical to the convex probe, the only difference is that the microconvex probe is smaller.

It is used, as a rule, for the same studies, but only in pediatrics.

If we talk about technical parameters, the radius of curvature of the scanning module of the microconvex sensor is larger, since the module itself is smaller in size.

Operating frequencies are generally the same as conventional convex probes, but can be higher because micro convex probes do not require such high penetration. nine0003


Linear ultrasound transducer

The frequency of this type of ultrasound transducer varies from 5 to 15 MHz. The scanning depth is no more than 11 cm. The main feature of the linear sensor is the full proportionality of the object under study to the position of the linear ultrasound sensor, but the difficulty is that it is impossible to ensure the full fit of the ultrasound sensor to the surfaces under study. These probes are used to examine superficial structures such as the breast, thyroid, small joints and muscles, and to examine blood vessels. nine0003


Frequent malfunctions of this type of ultrasound transducer:

  • Air bubbles on acoustic lens
  • Connector problems
  • Failure of the piezo elements

    Sector ultrasound transducer

    The frequency of this type of transducer varies from 1.5 to 5 MHz. Used for situations where you need to get a wide view of a small area. It is mainly used to view the heart and the spaces between the ribs. nine0003


    Frequent problems with sector sensors:

    • Lens problems
    • Hull cracks
    • Cuff problems

      Sector phased sensors

      This type of sensors is actively used in cardiology. With the help of a sector grating, it becomes possible to adjust the angle of the ultrasonic beam in the scanning area, which makes it possible to look beyond the fontanel, ribs or eyes. nine0003

      The sensor has the ability to work in PW and CW mode, due to the fact that it has the ability to autonomously receive and transmit different parts of the phased array.

      Intracavitary Ultrasound Transducer (Gynecological / Urological Ultrasound Transducer)

      This type of transducer is used for pelvic examinations: obstetrics, gynecology, urology.

      This group includes vaginal and transrectal and recto-vaginal ultrasound transducers. nine0003


      Biplane ultrasound probes

      Biplane ultrasound probes have multiple emitters.

      With this it is possible to obtain images in longitudinal and transverse sections.

      3D and 4D Volumetric Ultrasound Probes

      This type of probe is used to acquire 3D images.

      This visualization is possible thanks to a sensor that rotates (rocks from side to side) inside the hood. nine0003


      The most common 3D/4D sensor problems are:

      • Broken cables
      • Oil leak
      • Problems with the 3D mechanism

        Matrix Volumetric Ultrasound Probes

        These probes can be divided into 1. 5D and 2D.
        One-and-a-half-dimensional array sensors provide maximum thickness resolution


        Two-dimensional array sensors provide real-time 3D imaging and display a number of projections and slices. nine0003

        Pencil Doppler Ultrasound Probes

        This type of transducer separates the transmitter and receiver.

        Used to examine the arteries, veins of the legs and neck.

        Transesophageal (transesophageal) or TEE probes

        Transesophageal ultrasound probes.

        This type of transducer is used for transesophageal echocardiography. The rather complex structure of this sensor is designed for specific studies. nine0105 The operating frequency of this type of sensor is from 2.5 to 10 MHz.
        The main malfunctions of these sensors:

        • Depressurization
        • Sensor gets hot
        • Integrity of the outer sheath
        • Broken rods

          Our service center has been professionally repairing ultrasound sensors for 5 years and successfully restores them.

          If you have any problems with ultrasound sensors, please contact us, we will solve any of your problems. nine0003