Red dry patches on baby's face

Managing Eczema in Winter and Year Round: A Parents Guide

Cold, dry outdoor air and indoor heating can rob skin of its natural moisture in the winter. Red, crusty, dry patches can be common on a baby's skin, particularly in winter, and cause concern for parents. Such symptoms can be treated, however, and many babies and children do outgrow the dry, itchy skin of atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema.

We spoke with pediatric dermatologist Katherine Puttgen to learn more.

What is eczema?

Broadly speaking, eczema describes dry, rashy and itchy skin. It is a hereditary and chronic skin disorder most commonly seen in infants or very young children, often beginning in the first year of life and most commonly seen before age 5. Eczema is not contagious.

While many children outgrow eczema, for some it might last into adolescence or adulthood. The American Academy of Dermatology estimates that 10-to-20 percent of children in the world have eczema, and it affects up to 20 percent of infants.

What causes eczema in infants and children?

Eczema is brought about by the complex interplay of a genetic predisposition and the child’s environment. Many things – from the climate to possible allergens – can cause eczema to flare. We know that eczema tends to run in the families with a predisposition to other atopic diseases, such as food allergies, asthma and hay fever. Individuals with atopic dermatitis may lack certain proteins in the skin, which leads to greater sensitivity. Parents with eczema are more likely to have children with eczema. However, the exact way it passes from parents to children is still not known. Most children who have eczema will show signs of the condition in the first year of life. It tends to wax and wane in severity.

What causes eczema to wax, to flare?

Different "triggers" can make eczema worse. For infants, these can be irritants such as wool, certain detergents or extreme temperatures, or other immune triggers, such as food allergies and asthma, and even pet dander.

Most kids with the condition have the hardest time in winter, when the air is cold and dry. A small percentage has a harder time in the summer, when it is hot and humid.

What does it look like?

The signs of eczema in infants include itchy, dry and scaly skin, redness and swelling of the skin and small bumps that open and weep when scratched. In infants and young children, eczema is usually found on the face, outside of the elbows, and on the knees.

In older children and adults, eczema tends to be on the hands and feet, the arms, and on the back of the knees.Keep in mind that all patches of dry skin are not eczema. The cold, dry outdoor air and indoor heating can dry all babies’ skin in winter, causing dry patches. In children prone to dry skin, so can the sun, air conditioning, and pool and salt water.

We dermatologists usually say “if it’s not itchy, it’s not eczema”; you can’t make a diagnosis of eczema unless there is an itchiness that goes with the rash. Babies with cradle cap, also known as seborrheic dermatitis, can also have a wide-spread rash, which is not eczema in itself. But it is common for cradle cap and eczema to co-exist in the first several months of life.

How is eczema diagnosed?

Eczema symptoms may resemble other skin conditions, so always consult your child’s pediatrician. A diagnosis includes a complete medical history and a physical examination.

How is it treated?

Because there is not yet a cure for eczema, our treatment goals are to reduce itching and skin inflammation, and to prevent infection. The best treatment for eczema is a proactive one, using gentle skin care and moisturizers to re-establish the skin barrier.

Infants’ and older children’s skin should be kept well moisturized, and washed with fragrance-free non-soap cleansers. We also recommend a fragrance-free ointment-based moisturizer, with petrolatum as either the only or the first ingredient. In young children and infants, it is reasonable to use an over-the-counter topical hydrocortisone ointment, which is a mild topical steroid, for up to a week.

But if the rash either persists or you find that you need to use the hydrocortisone more than one week out of the month, you should discuss further use with your child’s pediatrician. You can apply the ointment, as prescribed, then a coat of petrolatum-based moisturizer, to help keep in the moisture.

For school-age children, who don’t want to be so greasy, we usually talk about creams. As for infants, though, when their skin gets very dry, we still recommend a petroleum-based ointment as a top coat. In addition to providing the best barrier protection, ointments don’t sting or burn when applied; creams and lotions sometimes can when the skin is inflamed and very dry. Moisturizers should be applied at least two to three times a day; for children in diapers, each diaper change can present an easy opportunity to moisturize the skin. More frequent use of moisturizers results in better control of itching and less frequent need for topical steroids, and it helps to restore the skin’s natural barrier function.

For all ages of kids with eczema, or prone to eczema, baths should be brief (less than 15 minutes) in warm water, to avoid over-drying of the skin. Children should be protected against scratching their skin (little mitts can help infants) and from irritants that contact their skin, such as harsh detergents and certain fabrics (including bedding). To reduce potential skin irritation, babies and children with eczema should wear only cotton or other natural fiber clothing next to the skin, with the exception of wool, of course. And they should be protected against cold (or very hot) environments to help prevent a skin reaction.

If your child’s skin does not respond well to any of these measures or becomes infected, contact your pediatrician, who can diagnose the condition and then prescribe another topical cream or antihistamine.

Is a cure or better treatment for eczema on the horizon?

Without a cure on the near horizon, we here at Johns Hopkins are creating an Eczema Day Treatment Unit to help our patients with moderate to severe eczema keep their symptoms under control and prevent flare-ups. We anticipate that this novel, multidisciplinary program will include experts from Child Life, behavioral psychology, allergy, dermatology and infectious diseases to provide the comprehensive care these children need – care that cannot be provided in an average clinic visit.

A primary goal of the day treatment unit will be education; children and their families will learn techniques such as wet-wrap therapy, to help deeply moisturize the skin. This therapy involves coating the skin with a topical ointment, followed by a greasy ointment like petroleum jelly, then dressing in wet pajamas, followed by dry pajamas, allowing the skin to soak in the moisture.

In partnering with our colleagues in behavioral psychology, we have seen many of our patients with severe eczema improve significantly with help in finding ways to avoid scratching, which inflames their skin condition, and by helping older children talk about the social difficulties in coping with a chronic condition or going to school with a visible disorder. Child Life specialists are an integral part of the Johns Hopkins Children’s Center and their ability to engage children in age-appropriate play and conversation is an important cornerstone of building a successful program. Because food and environmental allergies and skin infections are more frequent in children with moderate to severe eczema, strong partnerships with our experts in pediatric allergy and infectious diseases are key, as well.

What about research?

At Johns Hopkins, a lot of us in pediatric dermatology, pediatric infectious disease and pediatric allergy and immunology are looking at better ways to prevent or manage eczema. We’re studying the optimal management of bacterial colonization and infection in atopic skin and the role of food allergy in eczema. Our specialties collaborate; each brings a different approach to eczema management. Our goal is to work together to harness the best approaches to better understand eczema and, in doing so, to treat it more effectively.

What else is happening at Johns Hopkins today?

We go out of our way to provide the comprehensive care our patients with eczema need. On a case-by-case basis, we communicate with one another – whether in allergy, dermatology, psychology or infectious disease – to put together the best course of treatment for each child.We are optimistic that future therapies and approaches to care for those with even severe eczema are going to be greatly improved with more research and that the creation of the Eczema Day Treatment Unit will help us conduct cutting edge research and answer questions we face every day seeing and treating patients.

Like other atopic diseases, such as food allergies, is the incident of eczema in children increasing?

Yes. We don’t really know why. But we’re on the case to find answers.

Nappy rash - NHS

Nappy rash is common in babies and can usually be treated at home.

Check if your baby has nappy rash

Symptoms of nappy rash can include:

red or raw patches on your baby’s bottom or the whole nappy area
skin that looks sore and feels hot to touch
scaly and dry skin
an itchy or painful bottom
your baby seeming uncomfortable or distressed
spots, pimples, or blisters on bottom (spots can appear red or brown, but may be less noticeable on brown and black skin)

Credit:

HOUIN / BSIP / SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY: https://www.sciencephoto.com/media/615341/view

Things you can do to help with nappy rash

Nappy rash can be treated and prevented by following some simple advice.

Do

change wet or dirty nappies as soon as possible
keep the skin clean and dry – pat or rub the skin gently to dry it
leave nappies off when possible
use extra absorbent nappies
make sure your baby's nappies fit properly
clean your baby’s skin with water or fragrance-free and alcohol-free baby wipes
bath your baby daily (but not more than twice a day, as washing too much can make the skin dry out)
use olive oil to remove nappy rash ointment rather than water

Don’t

do not use soaps, baby lotion or bubble bath as they can irritate the skin
do not use talcum powder or antiseptics on nappy rash
do not put nappies on too tightly as it can irritate the skin

A pharmacist can help with nappy rash

If the rash is causing your baby discomfort, a pharmacist can recommend a nappy rash cream or medicine to treat it at home.

They may suggest using a thin layer of a barrier cream to protect the skin or giving your baby child's paracetamol for pain relief (only suitable for babies over 2 months old).

Non-urgent advice: See a health visitor or GP if:

your baby's nappy rash does not go away, gets worse or spreads to other areas
your baby has a high temperature
your baby seems very uncomfortable

Treatment for nappy rash

A GP may prescribe treatment if your baby is in a lot of discomfort or they think your baby might have an infection.

They may prescribe:

a steroid cream or ointment to help with redness and soreness
an antifungal cream, if they think your baby has a thrush infection
antibiotics, if they think your baby has a bacterial infection

Causes of nappy rash

It's normal for babies to sometimes get nappy rash.

It can be caused by:

your baby's skin being in contact with pee or poo for a long time
not cleaning the nappy area or changing the nappy often enough
the nappy rubbing against your baby's skin
an allergic reaction to soap, detergent or bubble bath
irritation from fragranced baby wipes or wipes containing alcohol
some types of medicines, such as antibiotics or laxatives (used to make a baby poo more often)
thrush (a fungal infection)

Page last reviewed: 1 January 2023
Next review due: 1 January 2026

Atopic dermatitis in a child: causes, symptoms and treatment

Approximately 10-20% of children worldwide have atopic dermatitis, a chronic but non-contagious skin disease that also affects adults. It is also called atopic eczema. Typical symptoms of atopic dermatitis are dry, irritated skin that occasionally flares up with moderate to severe itching, inflammation, and pain. Although there is still no cure for atopic dermatitis, regular and consistent care can help ease symptoms and prolong flare-free periods. nine0003

Signs and symptoms

Atopic dermatitis (or atopic eczema) is an uncomfortable and sometimes tiring long-term skin condition that is very common in children around the world, although predominantly in Western countries. While only 2-5% of adults suffer from this disease, its prevalence in children and infants is 10-20%. The majority of those who get atopic dermatitis (90%) start getting sick before the age of five, and many children later outgrow the disease. nine0003

Atopic dermatitis usually manifests itself in two alternating "phases". In the dormant phase, the skin is very dry, irritated and can flake, and therefore must be moisturized daily. The active phases (or exacerbations, "flashes") are more painful, and at this time it is necessary to apply topical medications to calm the skin and stop itching.

Atopic dermatitis looks and feels different in infants, children and adults:

• Newborns may develop symptoms as early as 2-3 months of age. The rash may appear suddenly, making the skin dry, flaky and itchy. In the acute phase, fluid may ooze from the infected skin. nine0013 • If the disease develops in older children (from two years to puberty), it manifests itself in the form of a rash, dry skin that itches, scaly patches form. As a rule, the skin is uneven, thickened and rough to the touch.
• Atopic dermatitis in adults, which usually begins in childhood, is characterized by very dry, scaly skin and persistent itching.

Most often, atopic dermatitis in infants occurs on the face and scalp (especially on the cheeks) and on the body (elbows and knees). nine0003

In children who continue to be ill from early childhood, the rash often begins on the body - on the crooks of the elbows or knees - it is also quite common to see young patients with atopic skin on the neck, wrists, ankles and / or in the folds between the buttocks and legs .

Atopic dermatitis is made worse by scratching because nails rupture the skin barrier, allowing bacteria to enter the skin where inflammation develops. Babies often rub their skin against bedding or carpeting to relieve itching, and in children of all ages, the itching can become so unbearable that they cannot sleep. Worried about the child, parents may feel helpless, unable to help, and this, in turn, causes psychological stress. But the good news is that effective treatment and quality skin care can greatly alleviate all the troubles. nine0003

If you are not sure about your symptoms, please consult your doctor or dermatologist.

Causes and factors contributing to atopic dermatitis

Dermatologists have identified several factors that cause and exacerbate symptoms, for example:

Girls are more likely to develop atopic dermatitis than boys.

• Family members have atopic dermatitis, hay fever and/or asthma . A link has been established between atopic dermatitis, hay fever and asthma, and experience shows that if one or both parents suffer from one or all of these diseases, their children will be more prone to developing atopic dermatitis.

• The child lives in a developed country , or in a city where the level of pollutants is higher than usual, or lives in a country with a cold climate. Interestingly, Jamaican children living in London are twice as likely to develop atopic dermatitis as those living in Jamaica. nine0003

• She is a girl . Girls are slightly more likely to develop the disease than boys.

• The mother gave birth to a child at a late age . There is evidence that children born in the later stages of their mother's childbearing years are more prone to atopic dermatitis.

There are a number of reasons why symptoms worsen or flare up after an injury. Patients have a deficiency of natural moisturizing factors (PUF) (such as amino acids) and impaired epidermal lipid metabolism. This explains why their skin is usually dry and its protective function is impaired. nine0003

Problems often arise from the atopic skin cycle. It starts when a child scratches a place that itches and breaks an already fragile skin barrier.

This allows bacteria, namely Staphylococcus aureus, to multiply and infect the skin. The infection causes inflammation, which again causes itching. The cycle starts again.

Skin care helps break the cycle of atopic skin.

Factors contributing to the development of atopic dermatitis nine0003

Certain foods, drinks, fabrics and materials are considered to be triggers for the manifestations of atopic skin.

These include :

Parents should avoid foods, materials and fabrics that can trigger symptoms of atopic dermatitis in children.

• Materials like wool and nylon, which can be abrasive and cause skin irritation and sweating
• Food allergies, most commonly to dairy, nuts, and shellfish (check with your doctor before removing any foods from your child's diet)
• Allergy to house mites, dust, or pollen
• Detergents and cleaners
• Make-up (although brands targeting sensitive skin should be fine)
• Second-hand smoke (cigarette smoke)

Some additional effects of the disease - such as stress and insomnia - can also worsen symptoms.

Find out more about the factors that affect the skin.

Solutions

It can be very frustrating for parents to see their child suffer, and although there is no cure for atopic dermatitis, regular and consistent care can help prevent the disease from worsening, soothe the skin by reducing pain and itching, reduce emotional stress, prevent infections, and stop thickening of the skin. nine0003

The action plan will most likely include the development of a skin care regimen as well as some lifestyle changes.

For inactive phases, the daily use of emollients is extremely important.

Softeners

Emollients or moisturizers include lotions, creams, face creams, bath and shower oils, all of which are used for the same purpose - to keep the skin hydrated, supple and protected from irritants. Their regular use is fundamental to the care of atopic skin and can prolong the inactive phases of the disease. Children and infants with atopic dermatitis on the face should apply moisturizing facial creams twice a day. nine0003 To continue the active phases of the disease, among other things, the regular use of moisturizers is important.

Main softening ingredients:

• Omega-6 fatty acids from evening primrose and grape seed extract. They soothe and nourish affected skin while restoring the skin's natural protective barrier.
• Licochalcone A (licorice root extract). It is a natural antioxidant with anti-inflammatory action that reduces redness and soothes inflammation. nine0003

Active Care

When flare-ups occur, emollients should be used in conjunction with active care products such as topical anti-itch creams and sprays. These topical creams usually contain corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone.

The use of hydrocortisone to relieve symptoms of exacerbation of atopic dermatitis in children is acceptable. Long-term use is not recommended as hydrocortisone may thin the skin.

nine0002 Hydrocortisone is known to be effective and fast-acting in relieving itching during flare-ups. However, many parents complain that with prolonged use of it on children's skin, various negative side effects can occur. In addition, the product loses its effectiveness if applied continuously, and it can also be used on large areas of the skin.

Eucerin AtopiControl Soothing Atopic Skin Cream has been clinically proven to protect skin and significantly improve the appearance of skin during flare-ups. This remedy helps limit the use of hydrocortisone during flare-ups. Clinical studies show that Eucerin AtopiControl Soothing Atopic Skin Cream has the same cosmetic effect on the face as creams based on 1% hydrocortisone. Eucerin AtopiControl Soothing Cream for Atopic Skin is not a pharmaceutical product and is not a substitute for it. nine0003

Additional advice for parents of children with atopic dermatitis on the face

• Use lukewarm water for washing, not hot water.
• Pat leather almost dry and apply emollient immediately.
• Apply softener twice a day.
• Cut children's nails short and smooth so that the child cannot scratch or pierce the skin.
• Wear cotton gloves at night to prevent your child from scratching his face while sleeping. nine0013 • Keep the room temperature cool and the humidity low.
• It is sometimes helpful to give a child a doll that can be scratched, as this may reduce the need to scratch their own skin.

Plaques on the skin - causes, what diseases it occurs in, diagnosis and methods of treatment nine0002 Fungus

Allergy

Psoriasis

Keratoma

Mycosis

Nevus

Melanoma

nine0144 33408 November 16

IMPORTANT!

The information in this section should not be used for self-diagnosis or self-treatment. In case of pain or other exacerbation of the disease, only the attending physician should prescribe diagnostic tests. For diagnosis and proper treatment, you should contact your doctor.
For a correct assessment of the results of your analyzes in dynamics, it is preferable to do studies in the same laboratory, since different laboratories may use different research methods and units of measurement to perform the same analyzes. nine0003

Plaques on the skin: the causes of occurrence, in what diseases they occur, diagnosis and methods of treatment.

Definition

A plaque is a pathological element with clear edges that rises above the skin surface or merges with it, more than 5 mm in size.

In dermatology, many types of plaques are distinguished - about 70 diseases occur with the formation of these elements, which makes the plaque one of the most common rashes. nine0003

Plaque varieties

The shape of the plaques are round, oval and irregular in shape. Over time, the shape, surface and appearance of this element may change.

Due to the occurrence of plaques, they can be both a manifestation of skin diseases and a symptom of diseases of internal organs and systems (autoimmune reactions, liver diseases, oncological processes, allergic reactions).

Plaques are dry, smooth, red, brown, gray-white, etc.

Possible causes of plaques

Dry plaques on the skin in adults may be a manifestation of the following diseases:

Fungal infection of the skin, accompanied by plaques with severe itching.
Allergic reactions are characterized by the appearance on the skin of smooth dry plaques, pink spots, blisters, which are very itchy and cause severe discomfort. They can develop both when the skin comes into contact with the allergen, and when it gets on the mucous membranes (for example, with urticaria, hay fever, food and contact allergies). nine0122
Psoriasis is a chronic non-infectious skin disease in which scaly dry plaques form on the elbows, knees, scalp, prone to fusion and accompanied by mild itching.

Dry plaques form on the skin if it is exposed to stress for a long time with the loss of its protective functions.
Diseases of the digestive tract, accompanied by malabsorption syndrome (impaired absorption of vitamins and trace elements in the small intestine), chronic diseases of the liver and other organs, in which substances that are not normally present in the dermis accumulate, also lead to the appearance of dry plaques. nine0122
Solar keratoma is a precancerous condition, which is characterized by the presence of many light grayish plaques on the skin.

The appearance of red plaques on the skin indicates their good blood supply. Possible causes of this condition may be the following nosologies:

Drug toxidermia is an allergic reaction accompanied by the appearance of elements in the form of plaques on the skin. In severe cases, Lyell's syndrome or Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, may develop. nine0122

Dühring's dermatitis (herpetiform) is a chronic skin disease with no established etiology, which is characterized by recurrent appearance of a rash of various morphologies on the skin, accompanied by severe skin itching and burning.
Mycosis fungoides is a primary T-cell lymphoma of the skin, a malignant lymphoid lesion, primarily of the skin. Itchy red plaques appear on the skin, resembling eczema. In the initial stages, they respond well to treatment with hormonal ointments, but the disease itself requires more complex therapy. nine0122

In children, the appearance of red spots and plaques on the skin is most often associated with an allergic reaction to food.

Brown plaques occur when melanin is deposited in the affected area of the dermis, which causes a brown (dark) color. Possible causes may be the following diseases:

Becker's nevus is an anomaly in the development of the dermis, when dark plaques with an uneven surface appear on the skin, on which hair can begin to grow over time. nine0122
Pigmentary nevus - "birthmark", may rise above the skin, has a brown or dark color.
Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor characterized by rapid metastasis. It develops mainly from nevi and moles. If the nature of the surface, the boundaries of the mole change, its size increases, bleeding occurs, you should immediately contact a dermatologist or oncologist to exclude the development of melanoma.
Senile keratoma occurs in the elderly, most likely due to a lack of vitamins, an abundance of animal fats consumed, skin sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation due to a violation of its protective functions. Typical localization - face, neck, open areas of the body.
Seborrheic keratoma is a yellowish plaque on the skin that, over time, transforms into a dark brown growth that tends to peel off, itch severely, crack, bleed, and can serve as an entrance gate for infection. nine0122

Which doctors to contact

With the formation of plaques on the skin, it is necessary to contact a dermatologist to determine the causes of the appearance of this element of the rash.

Diagnostics and examinations for plaques

For the diagnosis of fungal skin lesions, scraping from the affected area is used for subsequent microscopic examination.

The development of an allergic reaction requires seeking medical help to identify the allergen, prescribing antihistamines, and sometimes hormonal drugs. In clinical cases of allergy, along with skin tests, analyzes are performed using various sets of common allergens and triggers: a panel for respiratory allergens, for food allergens, and for a combination of both. nine0013

Respiratory Panel

Synonyms: Comprehensive Respiratory Allergen Test Panel; Respiratory allergens panel, Allergen respiratory profile, Allergy testing. Brief description of the study "Panel respira...

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5 515 RUB nine0003

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Food Panel, IgE

Food Allergen Panel: hazelnut, peanut, Walnut, almond, cow's milk, egg white, egg ...

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Food and Respiratory Panel

Panel different allergens: A mixture of grass allergens: fragrant spikelet; perennial rye; timothy; rye cultivated; Woolly buckthorn (GP3) IgE . .. nine0003

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In case of psoriasis, a visit to a dermatologist and rheumatologist will help to reduce the severity of the manifestations of the disease, if appropriate therapy is prescribed. For the diagnosis, it is usually sufficient to examine, determine, the skin manifestations of psoriasis are so characteristic, but if necessary, a differential diagnosis is carried out, including a clinical blood test, feces for the presence of worm eggs and protozoa, and a histological examination of the skin. nine0003

Clinical blood test: general analysis, leukoformula, ESR (with microscopy of a blood smear in the presence of pathological changes)

Synonyms: Complete blood count, UAC. Full blood count, FBC, Complete blood count (CBC) with differential white blood cell count (CBC with diff), Hemogram. Brief description of the study Clinical blood test: general...

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Fecal analysis for helminth eggs (helminth eggs)

Synonyms: Feces on worm eggs; Analysis of feces for eggs of worms. Ova and Parasite Exam; O&P; Stool O&P test. Brief description of the study "Analysis of feces for eggs of helminths&ra...

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Fecal analysis for protozoa (PRO stool)

Synonyms: Analysis of faeces for protozoa. Parasite Exam, feces; Parasitic Examination, fecal. Brief description of the study "Analysis of feces for protozoa" Fecal analysis for ...

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Histological examination of biopsy material and material obtained during surgical interventions (endoscopic material; tissues of the female reproductive system; skin, soft tissues; hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue; bone and cartilage tissue)

Taking biomaterial is paid separately. According to the requirements of clause 17 of the Rules for conducting pathological and anatomical studies, approved. Order of the Ministry of Health of Russia. ..

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Diseases of the stomach and intestines can also lead to plaque formation on the skin. To identify the pathology of the gastrointestinal tract, it is enough to refer to therapist or gastroenterologist, conduct a number of endoscopic examinations (gastroscopy, and, if necessary, colonoscopy), ultrasound of the abdominal organs, perform some screening blood tests for diseases of the liver, intestines, stomach.

Gastroscopy

Examination of the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract with the possibility of biopsy or endoscopic removal of small pathological ...

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Colonoscopy

Endoscopic examination of the colon to look for abnormalities, biopsy, and remove small polyps and tumors.

RUB 5,740 Sign up

Comprehensive ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs (liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen)

Scanning of the internal organs of the abdominal cavity to assess its functional state and the presence of pathology.

RUB 2,890 Sign up

Liver function tests: screening

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Diagnosis of celiac disease: intolerance to cereal proteins (gluten)

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Gastropanel

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To clarify the diagnosis of keratoma, a skin biopsy is performed and epithelium scraping is performed, followed by microscopic and histochemical examination. nine0003

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Examination of scrapings and impressions of tumors and tumor-like formations

Material for research. Imprints and scrapings are obtained from pathological lesions of the skin and mucous membranes (except for the cervix and cervical canal). Relative to test...

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If atypical cells are detected in scrapings or biopsies, immediately contact oncologist.

If xanthomas appear on the skin, it is recommended to consult a cardiologist, take blood tests for lipid profile and blood glucose levels, and screen for diabetes mellitus. nine0003

Lipid profile screening

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Glucose (in the blood) (Glucose)

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Diabetes management: advanced

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What should I do if plaques appear on the skin?

Any newly appeared neoplasms should be shown to a dermatologist. Their cosmetic removal without prior consultation with a specialist is fraught with serious consequences.

In addition, there are symptoms that require immediate medical attention:

change in the shape of the plaque - the edges have become uneven;
change in the surface of the plaque - cracks, ulcerations appeared;
change in the size of the plaque - it began to grow rapidly above the surface of the skin or actively spread over it;
discoloration of the plaque - in cases of malignancy, an uneven color of the formation is usually observed with areas of darker and lighter shades;
the appearance of bleeding - both contact and spontaneous; nine0122
enlargement of regional (nearby) lymph nodes.

Plaque treatment

When plaques of an allergic nature appear on the skin, antihistamines are prescribed, in cases of a severe course of the disease, glucocorticosteroids. In addition, it is important to follow a hypoallergenic diet.

Mycotic plaques require antifungal drugs, both local (ointments, creams) and systemic (tablets). Taking these drugs is associated with a high risk of side effects, and therefore it is possible only after consulting a doctor, accurate verification of the diagnosis and confirmation of the etiology of the disease. nine0003

Treatment of psoriasis is multi-stage and complex, it involves constant monitoring by a rheumatologist, taking cytostatics and other drugs, using ointments and shampoos to improve skin condition, using antihistamines to reduce itching, including physiotherapy and a hypoallergenic diet in the treatment regimen.

When confirming the presence of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, properly selected therapy can stop the appearance of new plaques on the skin, as well as prevent the development of complications of the underlying disease. nine0003

Sources:

Clinical guidelines. Dermatitis herpetiformis // Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists. 2016.
Clinical guidelines. Urticaria in children // Union of Pediatricians of Russia; Russian Association of Allergists and Clinical Immunologists. 2018.
Clinical guidelines. Toxidermia // Russian Society of Dermatovenerologists and Cosmetologists. 2016.
Clinical guidelines. Familial hypercholesterolemia // National Society for the Study of Atherosclerosis. 2018.