The Facts

• A newborn’s stomach is as small as a shooter marble. At birth, you have just the right amount of milk to fill it.
• Your breasts are never empty.
• When breastfeeding well, newborns usually do better without water or formula.
• Lots of breastfeeding brings in more milk faster.
• Most mothers start to make much more milk starting on day 3 or 4.
• Lots of breastfeeding helps prevent engorged breasts.
• Most mothers can make enough milk for twins, triplets, and more.
• Keep your baby on your body skin to skin for easier feedings and increased milk production.

What to Expect

• Lots of breastfeeding.
• Your nipple may feel tender for the first minute or two of nursing then feel better.
• If your baby fusses, offer each breast more than once.
• Expect 1-2 wet diapers each day and sticky, black stools through day 2 turning to a less sticky and brown stool.
• Many newborns lose up to 10% of birth weight by Day 4.
• There may be no pattern or schedule to feedings, and babies generally feed more often during the moon hours versus the sun hours. This is normal.

Things to Learn

• Try breastfeeding lying down with baby belly down on your body, so you can breastfeed and rest.
• For greater comfort, help your baby latch deeply onto your breast. If it hurts, ask for help.
• Make sure your baby feeds at least 8 times a day. Feedings may be bunched together. If needed, guide baby to breast while drowsy and in a light sleep.
• Ask where you can get breastfeeding help if needed.

The Facts

• A baby’s stomach stretches to the size of a chicken egg by Day 10.
• Most babies feed 8-12 times a day but not at set times. They may bunch feedings close together for part of the day or night.
• Babies may take one breast at a feeding, or they may need to feed from both breasts. Let your baby decide.
• More breastfeeding makes more milk.
• Most mothers start to make much more milk starting on day 3 or 4.
• Drained breasts make milk faster. Full breasts make milk slower.
• Breastfeed only. Avoid pacifiers until your baby is latching and breastfeeding well. If your baby is breastfeeding well, no additional liquids are needed unless recommended by your healthcare provider.

What to Expect

• If your breasts feel very full, breastfeed more or express milk. This will make you feel better, not worse.
• Baby’s stool to start turning from brown to yellow around day 3 or 4. Expect 3-4 or more yellow, runny, seedy looking stools every day. However, every baby’s bowel pattern is different.
• Expect 5-6 or more wet diapers a day by Day 5.
• Your baby should be back to birth weight by 2 weeks.
• Your baby may want to feed again soon after breastfeeding. This is normal now. Your breasts still have milk.
• She wakes a lot at night. (Babies need to do this to get enough milk.)
• Some babies sleep for one 4-5 hour stretch each day. It may not be at night.

Things to Learn

• Breastfeed whenever your baby wants to. You’ll know it’s time when your baby turns her head from side to side with an open mouth or when she puts her hand to her mouth.
• Don’t wait until your baby fusses or cries. When upset, it’s harder to feed well.
• Use breastfeeding positions that feel good for you and your baby.
• If breastfeeding hurts, get help. A small change in how your baby takes the breast may be all you need to feel better.
• Find a mothers group near you. Spend time with other breastfeeding mothers.

The Facts

• Your baby’s stomach size is larger and holds more milk. She may feed less often.
• Most mothers no longer feel full, even with lots of milk.
• Babies need about as much milk per day at 6 weeks as 6 months.
• Now breastfeeding starts to take less time than bottle-feeding.
• When breastfeeding well, a baby does best on mother’s milk alone until about 6 months.

What to Expect

• Older babies are faster feeders. The baby who used to feed 40 minutes may now be done in 10-15 minutes.
• Some babies this age have fewer stools but gain weight just fine.
• Older babies may pull off the breast, distracted or curious by sights and sounds.

Things to Learn

• Trust your baby to know the right time to feed.
• Practice breastfeeding when away from home until you feel at ease. Even when breastfeeding is going well, you may experience some of the following:
  • Your baby has fussy times. (Most babies do, and it is not always about food!)
  • She wants to feed again soon after breastfeeding. (Most babies do.)
  • She wants to feed more often. (This adjusts your milk production.)
  • Your breasts no longer feel full. (Usually at around 6 weeks.)
  • She wants to feed less often or for a shorter time. (Babies get faster with practice.)
  • She may wake up less often at night the older she gets, but if she continues to wake up that is normal.

To learn more about breast pumping and breastfeeding, check out these articles:

• Benefits of Breastfeeding  
• Breastfeeding Problems and Solutions
• Dad’s Role in Breastfeeding
• Breast Pumping Guide: When and How Long to Pump
• Latching And Breastfeeding Positions
• Breast Milk Storage Guidelines: How To Store Breast Milk Safely

Baby’s Age

Average Weight Gain Per Week

Average Weight Gain Per Month

Birth to Day 4

<7-10%

Day 4 to 4 months

+ 7-8 oz. (200-222g)

1.75-2.0 lbs. (0.79-.88kg)

4-6 months

+ 4-5oz. (100-122 g)

1-1.25 lbs. (0.4-0.45 kg)

6-12 months

+ 2-3 oz. (58-85 g)

0.5-0.75 lb. (0.23-0.34 kg)

Milk Belly | Unisex Organic Baby Onesie | Made in USA

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 GOTS Certified Organic Cotton.
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Our organic cotton bodysuits are an essential piece in your baby's wardrobe. Perfect for a pregnancy announcements, baby shower gift, coming birth and hospital outfit, or comfortable everyday wear! 

Featuring buttery soft and breathable premium organic fabrics. Our organic cotton bodysuits can be worn as a complete outfit and also pair perfectly with all of our bloomers, leggings, hats and more! Short sleeves keep baby's arms cool and cozy, while our simple snap closure makes diaper changes quick and easy! 

DETAILS:

• A soft natural cream color, our organic cotton is never bleached or dyed.
• Ethically made in USA from 100% GOTS certified organic cotton.
• Eco - Friendly, Perfect for sensitive skin & safe for the planet - our fabric is farmed without pesticides, insecticides, or chemical fertilizers.
• Professionally printed in Los Angeles with silkscreens and eco-friendly, non-toxic, water based inks. Providing long lasting designs made for multiple washes.
• 3 snap closure and lap necks for easy changing. Lead/Nickel free snaps.

• Please note, due to monitor differences colors may vary from what appears online.

At Tenth & Pine® we are committed to manufacturing in USA, using certified organic, sustainable, eco-friendly materials. 

To maintain the quality and feel of our organic fabrics we recommend the following wash and care instructions:

• To preserve colors, inks and fabrics machine wash inside out in cold with gentle cycle or by hand with like colors.
• Bamboo is a very delicate fabric, we recommend washing with like fabrics or alone.
• Do not bleach, will cause spotting in fabric.
• Organic Cotton: tumble dry low or hang to dry. Iron inside out with light heat.
• Bamboo: It's best to lay flat or hang to dry. You may tumble dry with very low heat on a delicate cycle. It's best to avoid using the dryer for bamboo fabrics. Do not iron, steam only.

All products will ship from our warehouse in New Jersey. Orders are typically processed within 1-3 business days and shipped to the address provided.

• Free shipping within the US for orders over $100.
• International shipping costs will be based on country location.
• All returns/exchanges accepted within 30 days of receipt of shipment.

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Lactose insufficiency - articles from the specialists of the clinic "Mother and Child"

what it is
The main food of babies is milk (breast or formula). It contains many different nutrients (proteins, fats, carbohydrates), which, with the help of special digestive enzymes, are broken down into simple components and digested. But in young children, the gastrointestinal tract is still immature, there are few enzymes in it, others are not at all or they are not yet working at full capacity. When the baby grows up, there will be more enzymes, the digestive system will mature, but for now there may be various problems with it.

All milk (women's, cow's, goat's, artificial mixtures) and dairy products contain the carbohydrate lactose, also called "milk sugar". In order for lactose to be absorbed, the lactase enzyme must break it down, but if the child has little or no lactase enzyme, then lactose is not broken down and remains in the intestine. As a result, there is always a large amount of milk sugar in the intestines, which begins to ferment, and where there is fermentation, conditionally pathogenic flora actively reproduces. What we feel during fermentation: intestinal motility increases (it rumbles), plus gas formation increases (the stomach swells). But in an adult, this is usually a one-time situation due to some inaccuracies in nutrition, and it quickly passes. But in babies, everything is different, especially since they lack the enzyme not once, but constantly. What it looks like: The milk sugar lactose retains water, hence loose stools. In the child’s stomach, “rumbles and boils”, colic begins, the stool becomes frothy, greens, mucus and even blood may appear in it. If at first the stool was liquid, then constipation appears, and all this changes in a circle: yesterday there was diarrhea, today and tomorrow there is no stool at all, the day after tomorrow it is liquid again. And the most unpleasant thing is endless colic and endless crying, there is no rest for both the parents themselves and the baby. Mom at some point notices that the baby is crying just after feeding, and then a variety of advice falls upon her. “Your milk is bad, better give the mixture,” says the beloved mother-in-law. “Only breasts and nothing else!” - advise breastfeeding gurus. As a result, the mother tries one thing or the other, but neither breast milk nor artificial mixture gives relief to the child. Colic, crying and problems with the stomach and stool continue. The parents are in a panic because they don't understand what is going on. In fact, this is a typical picture of bright lactase deficiency (LN), or insufficient production of the lactase enzyme.
various reasons
There are several types of lactase deficiency, and it is with them that confusion arises.

Congenital lactase deficiency is a genetic and very rare disease (one case in several thousand newborns), it is difficult to confuse it with something, since it is very difficult. The diagnosis is made in the maternity hospital or in the first days after birth, the child does not have lactase at all, he quickly loses weight, he is immediately started to be fed intravenously or through a tube. Some experts (but not doctors) on breastfeeding read once that congenital lactase deficiency is an extremely rare disease, and that’s all - they further began to assure young mothers: “In fact, LN is extremely rare, you don’t have it, you don’t need to listen to doctors ", etc. Yes, congenital LN is a rare disease, but the key word here is "congenital", and there are other types of lactase deficiency.

Transient lactase deficiency in infants . And this is exactly the condition that occurs very often. The baby was born, and so far he still has little lactase enzyme, plus little normal intestinal microflora. Hence the colic, and loose stools, and mucus, and greenery, and crying, and the nerves of the parents. After a while, the child's digestive system will fully mature, all enzymes will begin to work actively, the intestines will be populated with what is needed, and "lactase deficiency" will disappear. Therefore, such a LN is called "transient", that is, temporary, or passing. It passes for someone a month after birth, for someone longer - after six to seven months, and there are children in whom lactase deficiency completely disappears only by the year.

Secondary lactase deficiency. This condition appears if a person has had some kind of intestinal infection, and it does not matter whether it is an adult or a baby. For some time after the illness, the child does not tolerate milk (any), and then with proper nutrition and sometimes even without treatment, everything quickly passes.

Lactase deficiency in adults. There are people in whom the lactase enzyme begins to be lacking only in adulthood, this happens for various reasons: for some, lactase ceases to be produced in the right amount after some kind of illness, for other people, the activity of this enzyme simply fades over time by itself. yourself. As a result, at some age, a person begins to tolerate milk and dairy products poorly, although before that everything was fine. The symptoms are the same as in babies: he drank milk and after that the stomach rumbles, boils, and the stool is liquid. Sooner or later, a person realizes that milk is not his product, and simply stops drinking it in its pure form.
what to do
If there is transient lactase deficiency, then what to do with it? First you need to understand if it exists at all. Why does the child have problems with the stomach, stool, why does he cry all the time? Is it neurology, common colic, errors in the mother's diet, an inappropriate mixture (if the baby is bottle-fed), improper breastfeeding technique, lactase deficiency, or a reaction to the weather? It can be difficult to figure it out right away, but if the tests show that there is lactase deficiency, then it is most likely in it. Now what to do next - treat it, wait for the enzymes to mature, or something else? Firstly, everything here will depend on how much the enzyme is lacking and, therefore, on how much LN worries the child and parents. Some children lack the enzyme quite a bit, so their colic is mild and children cry quite normally. Plus, the violation of the stool is also not very bright: there are a couple of times a slightly liquefied stool, but that's all. In other children, the lack of lactase is more pronounced, the child does not cry, but simply yells after each feeding, if at first he gained weight well, then after two months the increase is minimal, problems with stools begin in parallel (day - constipation, day - diarrhea), stool sometimes green, sometimes with mucus. Atopic dermatitis appears on the skin (the skin is the first to react to problems with the gastrointestinal tract). Parents have no rest day or night: the baby cries - he is fed - he cries again, they try to calm him down in other ways. But nothing helps. Mom and dad are in a panic, and no one has the strength anymore.

If parents see that the child may have signs of lactase deficiency, that he needs help, first of all, you need to look for a good doctor. Only an experienced pediatrician will be able to figure out why the baby has colic or green stools, what the numbers in the tests say, and what is the norm for one baby and the pathology for another. And of course, it is not necessary to cancel breastfeeding and immediately prescribe lactose-free or low-lactose artificial mixtures (even as a supplement). By itself, milk sugar lactose is very necessary for a child, when lactose is broken down, its components (glucose and galactose) go to the development of the brain, retina, for the life of normal intestinal microflora. So do not completely eliminate this sugar, you need to help it break down. With a strongly pronounced LN, the missing enzyme is given before each feeding (it has long been learned to produce and it is sold in pharmacies), with a dim clinic, its dose can be reduced. And it is also possible that there is lactase deficiency (even according to tests), but it does not need to be treated, there are almost no symptoms.

But what cannot be done is to listen to non-specialists who deny either lactase deficiency itself or its treatment. They see the cause of all problems with the child's stomach and stool either in the wrong technique of breastfeeding, or partially admit that there is immaturity of the enzyme, but this is natural and will pass by itself. Yes, for some, LN is expressed easily and will pass quickly, but what about those parents whose child yells day and night, covered with a crust from atopic dermatitis and stopped gaining weight? Wait for the time to come and the enzymes to mature? Alas, with pronounced lactase deficiency (even if transient), enterocytes (intestinal cells) often suffer, so it is simply necessary to help such a child.
If you see that your baby has signs of lactase deficiency, look for a doctor who is committed to maintaining breastfeeding and has extensive experience. He will definitely help to find out why the baby is crying, why he has a stomach ache or has problems with stool. And then the life of the parents and the child will return to normal.
"Transient" (temporary) lactase deficiency in someone passes a month after birth, in someone longer - after six to seven months, and there are children in whom lactase deficiency completely disappears only by the age of one
If the tests show that there is a lactase deficiency, then the matter is most likely in it.
Milk sugar lactose is very necessary for a child: when lactose is broken down, its components (glucose and galactose) go to the development of the brain, retina, for the life of normal intestinal microflora
Parent's note
1. In infants, transient (temporary) lactase deficiency is most common.
2. Symptoms of lactase deficiency usually appear some time after birth. These are colic, frequent crying, increased gas formation, stool - either constipation or diarrhea (over time it becomes frothy, greens, mucus and even blood may appear in it).
3. The simplest study that can reveal lactase deficiency is the analysis of feces for carbohydrates.
4. It is usually not necessary to cancel breastfeeding or partially replace it with lactose-free or low-lactose formulas. You can give the missing enzyme from the outside.

Lactose intolerance: causes, symptoms, analysis

Do you suffer from cramps and bloating? Do you hear a rumbling in your stomach? Periodically worried about loose stools? If these signs appear some time after taking milk and milk-containing products, lactose intolerance (hypolactasia) can be assumed.

Why does this pathology occur and can it be avoided? Let's figure it out.

Lactose (milk sugar) is a substance that is part of the milk of mammals and humans. The role of lactose in the body is great: it helps the absorption of certain minerals, including calcium, in the intestines, and also promotes the reproduction of lactobacilli necessary for the body.

Normally, in all infants, lactose is broken down in the small intestine by a special enzyme - lactase. With age, the amount of lactase in the body of some people decreases.

The diet of a modern person is difficult to imagine without dairy products, and the presence of this enzyme in the body is extremely important for the normal process of digestion.

The mechanism of development of hypolactasia

Lactose intolerance occurs when there is a complete absence or insufficient amount of lactase. The task of this enzyme is to participate in the conversion of lactose in the small intestine into glucose and galactose. These carbohydrates are able to pass through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream.

With a lack or absence of lactase, milk sugar in an unsplit form enters the large intestine, where it becomes "food" for the bacteria living here. The result of the processing of lactose by bacteria is carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen and water. The gases formed in the lumen of the large intestine stretch its walls, causing bloating (flatulence) and pain in it, and water causes the development of diarrhea (loose stools).

Lactose intolerance is much less common in children than in adults. It is congenital and acquired. Alactasia, or the complete absence of the enzyme, is associated with a structural disorder of the lactase gene. In this case, the baby should receive lactose-free food from birth. Fortunately, this disease is quite rare. More often one can observe the functional immaturity of the enzyme system of infants, which causes insufficient milk tolerance; some time after birth, the amount of the enzyme increases and the breakdown of lactose improves.

Acute and chronic intestinal infections, immune, inflammatory, atrophic processes in the intestine can lead to secondary (acquired) intolerance to milk sugar.

Factors such as age, ethnicity increase the risk of developing this pathology (in the countries of North America, Africa, Southeast Asia, the percentage of those suffering from hypolactasia is higher), and premature birth.

How does lactose intolerance manifest itself?

Rumbling in the abdomen and its distension, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, headaches - these symptoms of lactose intolerance occur in some people an hour after taking whole milk or dairy products (cheese, cottage cheese, kefir, ice cream).

The higher the degree of hypolactasia, the more intense the clinical manifestations. However, it should be remembered that such a reaction of the body may also be due to the use of stale products with an expired shelf life or their incompatibility. In both cases, if you have the symptoms mentioned above, you should consult a doctor.

Diagnosis of lactose intolerance

A biopsy of the small intestine mucosa is a direct method for measuring the activity of the lactase enzyme it contains. Due to the trauma and complexity of this study, it is used during operations or other vital interventions.

Genetic tests can identify genes that block lactase production.

One of the most common indirect tests for lactose intolerance, among others, is the lactose load test. It is based on a comparison of blood glucose levels in an adult before the study and after ingestion of 50 grams of lactose dissolved in 0.5 liters of water. If lactose is broken down and the resulting glucose is absorbed into the blood, the meter will show an increase in blood glucose. Otherwise, we can conclude that lactase is not working.

How to treat lactose intolerance?

Primary hypolactasia is a kind of normal, not a disease, so there is no specific treatment for this form of lactose intolerance, but a lactose-free diet must be followed. Secondary hypolactasia is corrected in the treatment of the underlying disease that led to its development. Taking the missing enzyme in the form of tablets and drops must be combined with a balanced diet developed by a nutritionist.

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