How to treat child nose bleed

Nosebleeds (for Parents) - Nemours KidsHealth

Nosebleeds are common in kids 3 to 10 years old, and most are caused by nose-picking or dry air. They can be scary, but usually aren't serious. Most will stop on their own and can be cared for at home.

What to Do:

Stay calm and reassure your child.
Have your child sit upright in a chair or on your lap, then tilt his or her head slightly forward.
Do not have your child lean back. This may cause blood to flow down the back of the throat, which tastes bad and may cause gagging, coughing, or vomiting.
Gently pinch the soft part of the nose (just below the bony ridge) with a tissue or clean washcloth.
Keep pressure on the nose for about 10 minutes; if you stop too soon, bleeding may start again.
Have your child relax a while after a nosebleed. Discourage nose-blowing, picking, or rubbing, and any rough play.

Call the Doctor if Your Child:

has nosebleeds often
may have put something in his or her nose
tends to bruise easily
has heavy bleeding from minor wounds or bleeding from another place, such as the gums
recently started taking new medicine

Get Emergency Care or Call the Doctor if Bleeding:

is heavy, or your child also has dizziness or weakness
is the result of a fall or blow to the head
doesn't stop after two attempts of applying pressure for 10 minutes each

Different Kinds of Nosebleeds

The most common kind of nosebleed is an anterior nosebleed, which comes from the front of the nose. Capillaries, or very small blood vessels, inside the nose may break and bleed, causing this type of nosebleed.

A posterior nosebleed comes from the deepest part of the nose. Blood flows down the back of the throat even if the person is sitting or standing. Kids rarely have posterior nosebleeds. They're more common in older adults, those with high blood pressure, and people who have had nose or face injuries.

What Causes Nosebleeds?

Most anterior nosebleeds are due to dry air. A dry climate or heated indoor air irritates and dries out nasal membranes. This causes crusts that may itch, then bleed when scratched or picked. Common colds also can irritate the lining of the nose, with bleeding following repeated nose-blowing. Having a cold during dry winter weather is the perfect formula for nosebleeds.

Allergies also can cause problems, as doctors may prescribe medicine (such as antihistamines or decongestants) to control an itchy, runny, or stuffy nose. The medicine can dry out nasal membranes, leading to nosebleeds.

An injury or blow to the nose can cause bleeding, but most aren't a serious problem. But if your child has a facial injury that causes a bloody nose and you can't stop the bleeding after 10 minutes or have other concerns about the injury, get medical care right away.

While nosebleeds are rarely serious, there might be a problem if they happen a lot. If your child gets nosebleeds more than once a week, call your doctor. Usually, frequent nosebleeds are easily treated. Sometimes tiny blood vessels inside the nose are irritated and don't heal, which happens more often in kids with ongoing allergies or who get a lot of colds. A doctor might be able to help in these cases.

For bleeding not due to a sinus infection, allergies, or irritated blood vessels, a doctor may order tests to find the cause. Rarely, a bleeding disorder or abnormally formed blood vessels could be a possibility.

Can Nosebleeds Be Prevented?

Since most nosebleeds in kids are caused by nose-picking or irritation from hot dry air, using a few simple tips may help your kids avoid them:

Keep your child's nails short to prevent injuries from nose-picking.
Keep the inside of your child's nose moist with saline (saltwater) nasal spray or gel, or dab petroleum jelly or antibiotic ointment gently around the opening of the nostrils.
Run a cool-mist humidifier (or vaporizer) in bedrooms if the air in your home is dry. Keep the machine clean to prevent mildew buildup.
Make sure your kids wear protective athletic equipment during sports or other activities that could cause a nose injury.

Even with proper precautions, kids can still get a bloody nose occasionally. So if your child gets a nosebleed, try not to panic. They're usually harmless and are almost always easy to stop.

Nosebleed (Epistaxis) in Children | Johns Hopkins Medicine

What is a nosebleed in children?

A nosebleed is bleeding from tissues inside the nose (nasal mucus membranes) caused by a broken blood vessel. The medical word for nosebleed is epistaxis. Most nosebleeds in children occur in the front part of the nose close to the nostrils. This part of the nose has many tiny blood vessels. These can be damaged easily.

A nosebleed can look scary, but is usually not a serious problem. Nosebleeds are common in children. They happen more often in dry climates. They also happen more during the winter. That’s when dry heat in homes and buildings can cause drying, cracking, and crusting inside the nose. Many children outgrow nosebleeds during their teen years.

What causes a nosebleed in a child?

Nosebleeds can be caused by many things. Some common causes include:

Dry air
Picking the nose
Blowing the nose too hard
Injury to the nose
Colds and allergies
Object in the nose

In many cases, no specific cause for a nosebleed is found.

Which children are at risk for a nosebleed?

A child may be more at risk for nosebleed if he or she:

Lives in a dry climate
Picks his or her nose
Has allergies
Has a cold

What are the symptoms of a nosebleed in a child?

The main symptom of a nosebleed is blood dripping or running from the nose. Bleeding from the mucus membranes in the front of the nose comes from only one nostril. Bleeding higher up in the nasal cavity may come from both nostrils. It may be painless. Or your child may have pain caused by an injury or an area of sore tissue inside the nose.

The symptoms of a nosebleed can be like other health conditions. Make sure your child sees his or her healthcare provider for a diagnosis.

How is a nosebleed diagnosed in a child?

The healthcare provider will ask about your child’s symptoms and health history. He or she may also ask about any recent accidents or injuries. He or she will give your child a physical exam.

How is a nosebleed treated in a child?

Calm and comfort your child.
Have your child sit up and lean forward slightly. Don’t have your child lie down. This is to prevent him or her from swallowing blood. Swallowing blood may make your child vomit. Don’t have your child put his or her head between the knees. This can make bleeding worse.
Tell your child to breathe out of his or her mouth. Gently pinch the nostrils closed for 5 to 10 minutes. Don’t stop pinching to check if bleeding has stopped.
Apply a cold compress to the bridge of the nose. Don’t put tissues or gauze in your child’s nose.
If bleeding does not stop, repeat the above steps again.
Once the bleeding stops, tell your child not to rub, pick, or blow his or her nose for 2 to 3 days. This will let the broken blood vessel heal.

If your child’s nose doesn’t stop bleeding, take him or her to see the healthcare provider. In some cases a provider may apply heat to close a blood vessel. This is called cauterization. It is a quick procedure. Talk with your child’s healthcare providers about the risks, benefits, and possible side effects of all treatments.

How can I help prevent a nosebleed in my child?

If your child has nosebleeds often, you can help prevent them in these ways:

Run a cool mist humidifier in your child's room at night, if the air in your home is dry. Clean the humidifier regularly so germs and mold don’t grow in it.
Teach your child not to pick his or her nose or blow it too hard.
Put petroleum jelly inside your child’s nostrils several times a day. This is to help protect the mucus membranes.
Use saltwater (saline) nose drops or spray as directed by your child's healthcare provider.
Talk with your child's healthcare provider if your child has allergies that may lead to nosebleeds.
Don’t smoke in the home or around your child.

When should I call my child’s healthcare provider?

Call the healthcare provider if:

You can’t stop the nosebleed
The nose bleeds again
Your child has an injury to the head or face
There is a large amount of blood
Your child feels faint, weak, ill, or has trouble breathing
Your child has bleeding from other parts of the body, such as in the stool, urine, or gums, or bruises easily
An object is stuck in your child's nose

Key points about a nosebleed in children

A nosebleed is bleeding from tissues inside the nose (nasal mucus membranes) caused by a broken blood vessel.
A nosebleed can look scary, but is usually not a serious problem. Nosebleeds are common in children. They happen more often in dry climates. They also happen more during the winter. That’s when dry heat in homes and buildings can cause drying, cracking, and crusting inside the nose.
Nosebleeds can be caused by many things, such as dry air, nose picking, and allergies. In many cases, no specific cause for a nosebleed is found.
Have your child sit up and lean forward slightly. Don’t have your child lie down. This is to prevent him or her from swallowing blood. Swallowing blood may make your child vomit.
Gently pinch the nostrils closed for 5 to 10 minutes. Don’t stop pinching to check if bleeding has stopped.
Run a cool mist humidifier in your child's room at night, if the air in your home is dry. Teach your child not to pick his or her nose or blow it too hard. Apply petroleum jelly inside your child’s nostrils several times a day.

Next steps

Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your child’s healthcare provider:

Know the reason for the visit and what you want to happen.
Before your visit, write down questions you want answered.
At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Also write down any new instructions your provider gives you for your child.
Know why a new medicine or treatment is prescribed and how it will help your child. Also know what the side effects are.
Ask if your child’s condition can be treated in other ways.
Know why a test or procedure is recommended and what the results could mean.
Know what to expect if your child does not take the medicine or have the test or procedure.
If your child has a follow-up appointment, write down the date, time, and purpose for that visit.
Know how you can contact your child’s provider after office hours. This is important if your child becomes ill and you have questions or need advice.

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