Step-by-step instructions for teaching a child to write

Everything needs a system. In training, a systematic, everyday contribution to the development of skills is very important. Compliance with the following steps will lay the foundation for high-quality development of the child's writing.

Step #1. Get interested

Start telling children in an exciting way what writing is, why it is needed, how it originated and developed. The main thing is to present the story not with dry facts. Do it brightly, colorfully, picturesquely. Show your child photographs of the walls of the Egyptian pyramids, which depict various drawings and hieroglyphs. Tell your son or daughter the story of the Novgorod boy Onfim, who wrote birch bark letters in the 13th century, show his monument, and the letters and drawings. The emotional presentation of the story, coupled with illustrative material - all this will resonate with the child. Also invite the child to do the exercises during the stories. Here are a couple of activities to accompany stories that will help your child understand the nature of writing and want to learn to write on their own as soon as possible.

Exercise 1

Show your child pictograms (wall pictures that our ancestors used to communicate information to each other), invite him to fantasize and make up an oral story based on the pictures he saw.

Exercise 2

And vice versa: make up a story with your child and invite him to illustrate it in detail with the help of pictures. Such tasks, among other things, develop fantasy, speech and storytelling skills.

After the pictograms, go on to explain ideographic writing. It sounds complicated, but in fact, ideography uses simplified pictograms - symbols. The Chinese language is built on symbolism (principle 1 character = 1 word), designations in the transport sector. Acquaintance with the symbols will be interesting to the child if you pay attention to them during a walk.

You can teach a child to draw simple images with meaning: for example, two wavy horizontal lines symbolize a pond; crossed circle - prohibition, the word "no" and so on. Stories about ideographic writing and "practical ideography" will expand the horizons of the baby, teach him to perceive the world around him more sensitively, develop creative thinking, and teach spatial perception.

If you feel that the kid is ready for more (he asks questions, draws a lot), tell him about modern writing, about languages. Explain that the Egyptians wrote from right to left - it was inconvenient: hieroglyphs, drawings were smeared by hand. Show your child that writing like this is not very convenient. Tell us that we inherit the experience of the ancient Greeks - we write from left to right. Take a digression into history and tell the fidget that Latin was developed from the ancient Greek language, and it became the official language of the church. Latin formed the basis of many other languages ​​​​(English, German). And our ancestors developed Slavic writing, the Russian language. Conclude that today we use the Russian script, an alphabet of 33 letters. Show the child a primer, study each letter with him. Invite the child to circle each of them with a finger.

Step #2: Practice Moderately

Spend no more than 15 minutes a day on letter-drawing. Let the child during this time repeat the outlines of the letters from the primer. Let him try to draw them. If the letters are crooked - it's not scary. It should not scare you that the signs crawling out from under the pencil of a novice writer do not quite look like letters. Transform the process of learning to write into a game - sit next to the baby and draw incomprehensible signs of eyes, smiles, legs and arms. So the child will have more fun. He will trust you, the process, the primer, and next time he will accurately draw a letter, and not a hippopotamus or a fat cat. The main rule is to learn to draw letters for a quarter of an hour. Let the child rest. Even the creativity that the kid is passionate about can exhaust him and discourage him from learning to write.

Spend no more than 15 minutes a day on letter-drawing. Photo: globallookpress.com

Step No. 3. “We wrote, we wrote, our fingers were tired!” Develop fine motor skills

Together with your child, sculpt from plasticine, build towers and wonderful animals from the designer, draw, color, make applications, lay out mosaics, embroider with a cross. Practice daily, captivate your child with creativity and at the same time help him develop fine motor skills of his hands. If he learns to manipulate various small objects, it will be easier for him to learn to write. Fine motor skills training allows you to develop the temporal regions of the brain that are responsible for speech. If the baby has good motor skills, he writes well, then it will also not be difficult for him to tell a poem beautifully or come up with a story and vividly present it to his family, classmates, teacher. In man, everything is very subtly interconnected.

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The child's back must not be bent by the wheel. Incorrect posture will negatively affect the health of the internal organs of the baby, his psychological state, even the activity of his thinking. Do sports with your child (gymnastics, swimming). Show him how to walk correctly - straight with a slightly raised chin, rushing the top of his head up. Teach him to sit at the table correctly: the child should bend in the lower back, the shoulders should be slightly relaxed, lowered. The kid should not lean heavily on the back of the chair and shift the entire body weight onto the table. The muscles of the upper body should be toned and slightly tense, but the neck should not be pulled forward. A slight tilt of the head is acceptable. In any case, consult with your pediatrician about how to properly seat your child at the table. He will suggest effective practices for controlling the muscles of the back, neck, arms and will talk in detail about why it is so important to develop the habit of sitting at the table correctly.

Popular questions and answers

How to teach a child to write beautifully?

Anna Shumilova, methodologist of the Uchi. ru platform:

— Is it really necessary to demand beautiful handwriting and perfectly clean notebooks from a child? Some parents are worried when teachers lower their children's grades for the design of notebooks, and they believe that the main thing is to write down the exercise without errors, give the correct answer to the question, and find the right solution to the problem. Other parents, on the contrary, force the child to rewrite the work with blots and expect the teacher to spend enough time on calligraphy in the classroom. The truth, as always, lies somewhere in the middle. Any teacher knows from his own experience that in dirty, untidy notebooks there are rarely work without errors. Order and accuracy help to form a harmonious, logical thinking. If the student writes quickly and readably, this becomes a huge advantage for him in mastering the school material. We are of the opinion that the teacher should teach children to write. Any adult person knows for himself that it is quite difficult to change handwriting or the way letters are written. Incorrect spelling of letters will not help either the first grader or his teacher, but, on the contrary, will cause additional difficulties. However, a parent can help.

If you want to help your child prepare for writing, it is best to start with block letters and do no more than 20 minutes at a time. You should also explain to the future student the basic principles of writing.

1. The line is the letter house. It has a floor and a ceiling. You can not break through the floor and stick out the legs of the letters from there. You can't break through the ceiling and stick your head out like a giraffe. If such a nuisance nevertheless happened with the letters, you can give the child a colored pencil and ask them to underline the hooligan letters and ask what exactly is wrong with them. After that, be sure to underline the letters that turned out to be written correctly, and praise the child. Another great exercise is coloring. We select a small part of the picture and ask to color it without going beyond the outline of the figure. For little naughty fingers, it's not so easy.

2. When we write letters, we imagine the rails on which the train travels. If the rails cross, the train will derail and fall. The letters should not dance on the line, but stand like soldiers. After the kid writes a line, you can take a ruler and draw vertical lines through the letters. If the rails are straight everywhere, then the train arrived wonderfully, and you can put a big fat plus on this line! Over time, the rails may become slanted, but should remain parallel.

3. Written letters consist of a certain set of elements: sticks, hooks, loops and ovals. As we wrote above, it’s better not to collect letters without a teacher, but it’s worth practicing writing sticks of different lengths. To work with an oval, we can draw a box. The oval should look out the window and not get stuck in it. If a child draws a circle, then his chubby cheeks will not crawl through the window. Cheeks will have to be erased. In addition to writing, we advise you to have an A4 lined notebook. If you don't have one, the regular one will do. First, the parent himself draws a large beautiful printed letter. The child paints its elements in different colors. Then we write giant letters (several centimeters high). At the beginning of the line, the parent puts dots, the child circles them, and only then appends the line on his own. Next come the middle letters and, towards the end of the page, the midget letters. While the child is writing, you can ask him to pronounce the sound of a capital letter in a rough voice, the sound of a middle letter in a normal voice, and squeak the sound of a midget letter. That will be much more fun!

How to teach a child to write quickly?

Anna Shumilova:

— A quick letter is a continuous letter. He will be taught by a teacher at school. As soon as the literacy period ends (around February 1st grade) and the Russian language begins, you can dictate very short dictations to your child. You can use the collection of O. V. Uzorova. You can come up with short funny sentences about your child yourself. This will generate additional interest in the letter. Only practice and control over the maximum continuity of the hand while writing one word will help to write quickly. So that the child does not forget what this or that letter looks like (which happens up to grade 3), it is necessary to spend minutes of calligraphy.

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How to teach a child to write at home?

Almaz Marsov, director of the online school "It's clear":

- Learning to write can be divided into 2 stages: preparing the hand for writing and writing itself. At the preparatory stage, you need to teach the child to coordinate brush movements. To do this, play and create with your child. Coloring pages, hatching tasks, as well as graphic exercises will help you: graphomotor tests, labyrinths, tasks of the series “connect by dots”, “connect by dotted lines”, “draw the second half” and so on. In a word, these are the tasks that will teach a child to use a pencil or pen - to set the direction of the lines, control the force of pressure, control the size of the image, the clarity of the lines and smoothness. After that, you can start writing letters and numbers.

The main principle is to go from simple to complex. First, you can learn to write part of a letter or number, then the letter or number in full. It is important to show the child the correct sequence of writing letters and numbers: from left to right, from top to bottom. Too many children come to school with the wrong letter and are faced with the need to relearn. To avoid this, we recommend that you complete tasks with the children and control the correct spelling until they develop a writing skill.

Of course, the best helper is prescription. As soon as the child masters the letter with a hint, you can move on to a more difficult option - writing in a notebook. The more practice, the more confident and better the child's writing. Finally, the skill needs to be consolidated and improved. Write everywhere: sign drawings and crafts, write on asphalt with crayons, on misted glass with your finger - turn writing into a game and an interesting activity for a child. The more you practice, the faster and more beautiful the child will write.

What kind of games help children develop writing skills?

Anna Shumilova:

— Almost any exercise can be turned into a game. It depends on the submission of the material. You can draw letters with your nose in the air, collect letters from sweets. You can color the letters, circle them with dots, and then give them gifts. If the letter is oval, it is necessary to give objects that also contain an oval in their image. Write not only at the table, but also with chalk on the pavement, a marker on a blackboard, sand on glass or on a piece of paper, show letters on your fingers, ask you to guess which letter you are in.

What determines how fast a child learns to write?

Anna Shumilova:

— We recommend taking your child to at least a few calligraphy lessons or watching video tutorials on YouTube. The teacher will tell you how to correctly determine the size of the line and letter. Pen and ink will not allow the child to rush. He will learn to breathe correctly, regulate the pressure on the pen, focus on writing, see the extraordinary artistic beauty of various styles of writing letters. This will be a great experience and will help the kid develop writing skills and strive for perfection.

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A child's beautiful handwriting is the dream of many parents. However, in fact, few children can write beautifully and competently. Certain systems, methods and rules will help develop this skill.

It is possible to draw letters beautifully and confidently only with developed motor skills, logic and visual memory. With effort, you can turn any handwriting into an elegant one, and every person can do it. How to learn this? Read the advice of teachers on how to teach a child to write beautifully:

• Draw letters
  For an adult, a letter is a sign that represents a sound. For children, this is just a picture in the form of some kind of squiggle, the sun, a month, a ladder, a house, a little man. To get acquainted with letters, experts recommend drawing pictures in early childhood that a child associates with a certain element of the alphabet.

• Develop motor skills
  It is impossible to write beautifully and accurately without well-developed fine motor skills. It is useful for children to engage in such entertaining and educational activities as drawing and coloring with pencils, modeling from plasticine, mosaics, designing from small parts, working with scissors, origami, sorting out cereals. Such regular tasks will prepare the muscles of the hand for school work and will contribute to the development of beautiful handwriting.

• Constant training
  Impeccable calligraphy is possible only with regular and systematic lessons. To do this, the prescription is in a hurry to help. For additional classes, you can buy copybooks that are used at school, or you can choose others - in the form of funny animals and funny pictures. It is useful for preschoolers and first graders to hatch, stroke and draw by cells. To practice calligraphic handwriting, children in grades 2-4 are recommended to perform cheating exercises. Take any text from a textbook or book and ask the child to carefully copy it into a notebook.

Calligraphy for children: why is it important?

Not all adults understand why it is important to have beautiful handwriting, especially when using gadgets and digital technologies. This category of parents does not try to develop calligraphy skills in their children. However, there are weighty arguments why it is important to learn how to write beautifully:

1. With a legible and neatly written text, there is no doubt that it will be correctly perceived by the addressee.
2. Smooth and neat letters evoke pleasant emotions, such a text makes you want to read it.
3. Having beautiful handwriting, you can sign a greeting card without hesitation.
4. A child who makes efforts and strives to improve his handwriting grows up disciplined.
5. Calligraphy promotes ordering of thoughts and calmness.
6. Beautiful handwriting develops love for beauty.
7. While writing letters, thinking actively develops.

Careless writing inevitably leads to typos and errors, which affects academic performance not only in the Russian language, but also in other school disciplines. Even a mathematically gifted student with poor, sloppy handwriting will make miscalculations and typos.

Causes of handwriting problems in children

Poor handwriting is not always caused by a child's unwillingness to write beautifully. Other reasons may be “guilty” here:

1. Uncomfortable workplace
   Pay attention to the chair and table at which the baby is engaged. It is important to adjust the height of the furniture to match the age and height. To write a line, the child should not reach up or, conversely, bend over strongly. This will lead not only to ugly handwriting, but also to problems with the spine. Furniture should not creak and stagger, because it is distracting and annoying. Also, there should be order in the workplace during the exercises - no toys and distracting objects. Make sure that for right-handers, the light falls on the left, and for left-handers, on the right. In the evening, when there is not enough daylight, in addition to the table lamp, the overhead light should also be turned on.

2. Incorrect position of the notebook
   Often children write ugly just because the notebook is not on the table correctly. It is important that the middle of the worksheet is located slightly to the right of the middle of the child's chest. The lower left corner of the sheet should be slightly lowered, and the upper right corner should be raised.

3. Weak back
   In order for a child to write beautifully, he must have a sufficiently strong back. Many do not understand how the physical condition of the child's body can be associated with handwriting. A straight back, a strong shoulder girdle, a straight posture are prerequisites for accurate writing.

4. Stationery
   In childhood, it is important that writing instruments are not only correct, but also attractive and desirable. Teachers recommend buying notebooks, pens and pencils, choosing them with your child.

Writing disorders: types of dysgraphia

Writing disorders among children of preschool and early school age is a common phenomenon, which is denoted by the term "dysgraphia". According to statistics, this problem is observed from 5% to 20% of primary school students. Moreover, among boys, the disorder occurs 4 times more often than among girls.

Dysgraphia is a long-term inability to master the skills of correct writing. It is important that there are no intellectual and mental disorders. Dysgraphia has different degrees of manifestation. Sometimes a child cannot master the writing of a certain element of a letter, but there are also cases when difficulties arise with reproducing a whole letter on paper.

Depending on the complexity of the problem, acoustic, motor and optical dysgraphia are distinguished.

Acoustic dysgraphia is manifested by the inability of the child to distinguish between individual sounds, especially those that are similar in sound. Such a violation results in the inability to express these sounds using letters.

Motor dysgraphia is caused by incorrect hand movement while writing. The disturbance is associated with visual and auditory perception of sounds.

Optical dysgraphia - the inability to correlate the visual perception of a letter with its writing.

Children's handwriting - correction methods

Parents often ask teachers how to correct a child's handwriting. You will need our tips to solve this problem:

• Take a pencil
  When working on the formation of calligraphic handwriting, use a simple pencil to correct possible errors.

• Keep the lines
  Teach your child to stay within the lines. If the letters are too large or there is no difference between lowercase and small letters, use a notebook with large cells. The child needs to be explained that we “hide” the lowercase letter in the house, because the rest should be 2 times smaller.

• Writing the alphabet
  Several times a week, have your child write the alphabet from beginning to end in uppercase and lowercase letters. Then ask them to write the letters in pairs with different connections.

The more a child practices calligraphy, the more this skill is strengthened and improved. For the perfect writing of letters, constant and frequent practice is important, which contributes to beautiful handwriting.

Writing posture

During the exercises, it is important to sit with a straight back and hands resting on the edge of the table. Legs should be bent at the knees at an angle of 90 degrees, and the feet should be on the floor or on a special stand. The distance from the corner of the eyes to the notebook is about 30 cm. If you fall apart in a chair or bend over the notebook, you will not be able to write letters beautifully.

Teach your child to hold a pen correctly

From the first moment a child picks up a pen, it is important that he does it correctly. How to hold a pen correctly? It should lie on the middle finger, be held by the pad of the thumb and be covered from above by the index finger. The little finger and index finger, when writing, serve as a support for the hand and sliding on paper.

In most cases, almost all schoolchildren hold a pen incorrectly. It is easy to wean from this, for this use the following tricks:

• "Tweezers"
  With this exercise, the child will understand how to hold the pen correctly for comfortable writing. The essence of the method is simple: the baby must grab the writing instrument with three fingers at the very top - thumb, index and middle. And then gradually lower your fingers lower and lower until the handle itself takes the desired position.

• "Checkpoint"
  Another effective way to quickly learn how to hold the pen correctly. Before you start writing tasks, draw a bright dot on the child’s middle finger. It will serve as a support for the handle. Then, using a sticker or tape, make the same mark on the handle. This will be the level below which the fingers should not fall.

• Napkin
  Give your child a tissue that he can hold with his little finger and ring finger, pressing it firmly against the palm of his hand. Explain that these two fingers are busy, therefore they cannot take part in the letter. Thus, only faithful fingers remain free.

What kind of pen should be

When choosing writing instruments, pay attention to the physiological characteristics of a child's hand. The subject for writing should not be too thick, thin or heavy.

Gel and ballpoint pens. For preschoolers and younger students, the second option is suitable. The accuracy and beauty of writing depends on the quality and composition of the ink. A gel pen should be able to write neatly, avoiding blots and streaks. Therefore, it is not suitable for children of primary school age. In addition, such pens can abruptly stop writing and begin to scratch the sheet of paper.

When choosing a ballpoint pen, it is also important to know some rules and features. The rod should be thin, so it will leave a neat, clear mark. Before buying a pen, you must definitely check it in action by drawing several strips on paper. If the object is completely made of metal or plastic, this is not the best option - children's fingers will slide on such material. It is desirable that the place where the fingers are located has a rubber pad. The optimal length of the product is 15 cm.

Develop fine motor skills

Poor or insufficiently developed motor skills are the main cause of ugly and sloppy handwriting. In children who do not develop this ability, a lot of unnecessary broken and curved lines form in the letter, the letters “jump” on the lines, their proportions are violated.

The development of fine motor skills will help increase the mobility of fingers and hands, improve coordination of movements, which are important when writing. You can do this with the following exercises:

• Finger exercises
  Act out short stories or fairy tales with your fingers. It is best to choose rhyming pieces because they are easier to remember. During such exercises, the child must memorize not only rhymes, but also the sequence of movements and the position of the fingers. In finger gymnastics, all fingers of both hands are involved, while their compression alternates with relaxation.

• Finger Twister
  This board game is a must have for all children whose parents want them to have beautiful handwriting. You can buy it at any children's store or make your own playing field out of cardboard by drawing colored circles on it and attaching a spinning arrow. You will also need dice to play. The essence of the game is to put your fingers on the playing field as it fell out in roulette. The winner is the one who can correctly place and hold the fingers of both hands in this position.

• Shadow theater
  This exciting game is an effective way to develop precise and coordinated finger and hand movements. Also, shadow theater improves concentration and perseverance. For the lesson, you only need a floor lamp or a table lamp, and the game itself can be played in the evening. Place the lighting fixtures so that the shadow falls on the wall. Sit with the child at a distance of 3-4 meters from the wall so that the shadows are the right size. With the help of fingers and hands, you can show both individual animals and entire scenarios of fascinating stories. The most popular stories among children of preschool and early school age are the birth and flight of a butterfly, a barking dog, a swan or a goose.

Spatial thinking

At the beginning of learning to write, many children encounter a violation of letter spacing, mirror spelling of letters, confuse visually similar elements, write too broadly or too narrowly. Such violations indicate that the child has poorly developed visual-spatial thinking. In this case, the child's brain incorrectly perceives the position, shape and size of both written characters and all objects in general.

To form beautiful handwriting, do the following exercises:

• "Mirror"
  This task will help you better navigate in space and have good control over your body. Ask the child to look at himself in the mirror, and then run his hand over his face from nose to mouth and back again. At the next stage of the exercise, you need to repeat the movements without a mirror, and then with your eyes closed.

• Graphic dictation
  Drawing in checkered notebooks, which is done under dictation. The adult says how many steps (cells) the child needs to move with a pen in a notebook. The result should be a finished drawing. Graphic dictation helps to navigate in the space of a notebook, and also contributes to the development of visual-spatial thinking. For younger children, coloring pages and mazes are also helpful.

• Treasure Hunt
  The goal of the game is to find a hidden object. You give hints on where and how to move in space - to reach the window, bend down, turn around, go forward. An alternative to this developmental activity is also the game "Cold-hot".

• Hatching
  Hatching finished contour drawings is one of the favorite activities of preschool and primary school children. You can hatch a drawing with different lines and in any direction - horizontally, vertically, diagonally, wavy and even broken. Hatching contributes to the development of patience, perseverance, accuracy and correct spatial perception.

Forming graphic skills in children

Drawing lessons also help to consolidate graphic skills. During drawing, the development of the left and right hemispheres of the brain, concrete-figurative and abstract-logical thinking takes place. Also, this lesson is useful because:

• trains coordination of movements;

• builds a connection between thinking and speech;

• organizes a large amount of acquired knowledge;

• reinforces new information.

The development of graphic skills contributes to the formation of beautiful handwriting, if the following rules are observed:

1. Classes are held regularly and systematically.
2. Graphic materials are used in the lessons.
3. Children perform tasks step by step, that is, drawing should not be arbitrary.
4. Classes should be held in a room with a favorable environment and a creative atmosphere.

In order for children to graphically depict an object, they must have an idea about it. The teacher or parent is faced with the task of drawing children's attention to the main properties of the object that are important in their depiction on paper.

Secrets of beautiful handwriting

The following life hacks will help you learn to write beautifully:

• correct posture;

• the correct position of the notebook on the desk.

• a role model - for example, copybooks in which letters are already written;

• no hurry. Do not rush the child, everyone has a different temperament: someone writes faster, someone slower. When you get good at writing letters, you can speed up a little.

• concentration - during classes it is important not to be distracted by foreign objects.

Writing skills training

Start developing writing skills only when the child's hand is ready for it. The readiness of the hand for writing can be independently assessed using a simple test. Offer to shade the shape or contour image of the object. If the strokes are even, parallel, spaced at the same distance from each other, do not go much beyond the contours of the image, then you can start learning calligraphy.

Start training by drawing ordinary sticks, dots, hooks, curls. Give your child the opportunity to draw them on a piece of paper the way he wants. When the child copes with this task, proceed to work in copybooks.

Calligraphy exercises

At the age of 5-6 you can already start mastering printed letters. It is important here to show in what sequence all elements are written and what proportions should be between them. Start with the simplest - the letters "o", "s", "a", "l", and then move on to more complex ones. To consolidate the skill, you can ask the child to write his name every time at the end of the lesson.

There is one important rule in calligraphy - do not use your wrists when writing. Lowercase letters need to be written by lifting only the fingers from the sheet of paper, and to create curls and capital letters, we use the elbow and shoulder.

Recommendations to parents on the formation of beautiful handwriting in a child

Not all classes on the formation of beautiful handwriting bring benefits to children and have a positive effect. To achieve your goals, it is important to follow the rules on how to teach a child to write beautifully, accurately and quickly:

1. It is better to practice 20-30 minutes a day every day than several hours every 2-3 days. If the lesson lasts 30-45 minutes, be sure to take a 5-minute break.
2. If your child is busy at school, alternate homework with handwriting exercises.
3. When checking completed assignments, focus on your child's successes, not his failures. Children should definitely be enough, encouraging them to acquire new knowledge and improve already acquired skills. Praise should be reasoned: it is important to indicate what exactly the child did correctly so that he himself sees and understands it.
4. Study according to proven educational aids - V.A. Ilyukhina, V. G. Goretsky or use special notebooks for calligraphy.
5. Classes should be held in a calm environment, without shouting or harsh remarks. Learning should inspire joy and inspiration, not fear. It is important to understand that the child will not succeed immediately, so be patient, understanding and gentle.

Please note that before school, the child must have the following writing skills:

• to navigate the lines and cells well, not to get lost in them;

• draw straight, oblique and curved lines;

• draw lines in directions - from top to bottom, from left to right;

• connect opposite corners of the cage;

• perform graphic dictations.

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