How to help a child with confidence issues

Your Child's Self-Esteem (for Parents)

Sometimes it's easy to notice when kids seem to feel good about themselves — and when they don't. We often describe this idea of feeling good about ourselves as "self-esteem."

Kids with self-esteem:

• feel liked and accepted
• feel confident
• feel proud of what they can do
• think good things about themselves
• believe in themselves

Kids with low self-esteem:

• are self-critical and hard on themselves
• feel they're not as good as other kids
• think of the times they fail rather than when they succeed
• lack confidence
• doubt they can do things well

Why Self-Esteem Matters

Kids who feel good about themselves have the confidence to try new things. They are more likely to try their best. They feel proud of what they can do. Self-esteem helps kids cope with mistakes. It helps kids try again, even if they fail at first. As a result, self-esteem helps kids do better at school, at home, and with friends.

Kids with low self-esteem feel unsure of themselves. If they think others won't accept them, they may not join in. They may let others treat them poorly. They may have a hard time standing up for themselves. They may give up easily, or not try at all. Kids with low self-esteem find it hard to cope when they make a mistake, lose, or fail. As a result, they may not do as well as they could.

How Self-Esteem Develops

Self-esteem can start as early as babyhood. It develops slowly over time. It can start just because a child feels safe, loved, and accepted. It can start when a baby gets positive attention and loving care.

As babies become toddlers and young children, they're able to do some things all by themselves. They feel good about themselves when they can use their new skills. Their self-esteem grows when parents pay attention, let a child try, give smiles, and show they're proud.

As kids grow, self-esteem can grow too. Any time kids try things, do things, and learn things can be a chance for self-esteem to grow. This can happen when kids:

• make progress toward a goal
• learn things at school
• make friends and get along
• learn skills — music, sports, art, cooking, tech skills
• practice favorite activities
• help, give, or be kind 
• get praise for good behaviors
• try hard at something
• do things they're good at and enjoy
• are included by others
• feel understood and accepted
• get a prize or a good grade they know they've earned

When kids have self-esteem, they feel confident, capable, and accepted for who they are.

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How Parents Can Build Self-Esteem

Every child is different. Self-esteem may come easier to some kids than others. And some kids face things that can lower their self-esteem. But even if a child's self-esteem is low, it can be raised.

Here are things parents can do to help kids feel good about themselves: 

Help your child learn to do things. At every age, there are new things for kids to learn. Even during babyhood, learning to hold a cup or take first steps sparks a sense of mastery and delight. As your child grows, things like learning to dress, read, or ride a bike are chances for self-esteem to grow.

When teaching kids how to do things, show and help them at first. Then let them do what they can, even if they make mistakes. Be sure your child gets a chance to learn, try, and feel proud. Don't make new challenges too easy — or too hard.

Praise your child, but do it wisely. Of course, it's good to praise kids. Your praise is a way to show that you're proud. But some ways of praising kids can actually backfire.

Here's how to do it right:

• Don't overpraise. Praise that doesn't feel earned doesn't ring true. For example, telling a child he played a great game when he knows he didn't feels hollow and fake. It's better to say, "I know that wasn't your best game, but we all have off days. I'm proud of you for not giving up." Add a vote of confidence: "Tomorrow, you'll be back on your game."
• Praise effort. Avoid focusing praise only on results (such as getting an A) or fixed qualities (such as being smart or athletic).

  Instead, offer most of your praise for effort, progress, and attitude. For example: "You're working hard on that project," "You're getting better and better at these spelling tests," or, "I'm proud of you for practicing piano — you've really stuck with it." With this kind of praise, kids put effort into things, work toward goals, and try. When kids do that, they're more likely to succeed.

Be a good role model. When you put effort into everyday tasks (like raking the leaves, making a meal, cleaning up the dishes, or washing the car), you're setting a good example. Your child learns to put effort into doing homework, cleaning up toys, or making the bed.

Modeling the right attitude counts too. When you do tasks cheerfully (or at least without grumbling or complaining), you teach your child to do the same. When you avoid rushing through chores and take pride in a job well done, you teach your child to do that too.

Ban harsh criticism. The messages kids hear about themselves from others easily translate into how they feel about themselves. Harsh words ("You're so lazy!") are harmful, not motivating. When kids hear negative messages about themselves, it harms their self-esteem. Correct kids with patience. Focus on what you want them to do next time. When needed, show them how.

Focus on strengths. Pay attention to what your child does well and enjoys. Make sure your child has chances to develop these strengths. Focus more on strengths than weaknesses if you want to help kids feel good about themselves. This improves behavior too.

Let kids help and give. Self-esteem grows when kids get to see that what they do matters to others. Kids can help out at home, do a service project at school, or do a favor for a sibling. Helping and kind acts build self-esteem and other good feelings.

Reviewed by: D'Arcy Lyness, PhD

Date reviewed: July 2018

11 tips on building self-esteem in children

Simply praising your child can actually do more harm than good. Here's a comprehensive guide on how to build self confidence in a child.

Photo by Brand New Images/Getty Images

Last week, my son Aaron made the school soccer team. Boy, was I proud. And I couldn’t stop saying so. “Good job, buddy! You’re the best!” I beamed, he beamed, and all seemed right with the world.

It’s not the first time my kids have heard me shout their praises. I’m the resident cheering section, their biggest fan, a back-patter extraordinaire. These days, you can find me handing out compliments as if they’re sticks of gum—when my kids practise guitar, score a goal, help with dishes. The mom logic goes like this: The kid does good (or good enough for me), so I make him feel great about himself. It’s called boosting self-esteem. Or so I thought. Here are some things you may not have considered about building self-esteem in children.

As it turns out, there are better ways to build self-esteem than heaping on praise for everything kids do—starting with helping them become competent in the world, says Jim Taylor, author of the book Your Kids Are Listening: Nine Messages They Need to Hear from You. To do so, though, you have to learn to step back and let your child take risks, make choices, solve problems and stick with what they start.

Self-esteem comes from feeling loved and secure, and from developing competence, Taylor says, and although parents often shower their kids with the first two ingredients, competence—becoming good at things—takes time and effort. “As much as we may want to, we can’t praise our kids into competence,” he says.

In fact, by over-praising kids, we’re doing more harm than good. “We’re lowering the bar for them,” Taylor says. “If you keep telling your child she is already doing a fantastic job, you’re saying she no longer needs to push herself. But confidence comes from doing, from trying and failing and trying again—from practise.”

Samantha MacLeod, who has four boys, ages one to nine, believes constant complimenting can actually erode self-esteem. Either kids start thinking they’re perfect or they try to be perfect all the time—an impossible standard. And inaccurate praise confuses them, she says. “If my son can’t spell and I tell him he’s doing terrific, he learns not to trust his own instincts. He also learns that praise is just flat-out lying.”

Plus, Taylor adds, telling your child he’s the best, the smartest or the most talented is setting him up for some very bad news down the road. You’re creating an egomaniac who thinks his scribbles are Rothkos but, sooner or later, he’ll discover he’s not all that after all.

Start by forcing yourself to stand back while your child takes healthy risks, says Victoria Sopik, CEO of Kids & Company, a corporate childcare service in Toronto, and a mother of eight. “To build confidence in the world, kids have to take chances, make choices and take responsibility for them,” Sopik says. She sees too many parents trying to rescue their kids from failure all the time.

Sopik remembers staring from across the room as her two-year-old son, Fraser, lifted a huge jug of orange pop at a fancy party. “He was about to pour it into a glass, and I just stood there, holding my breath,” Sopik recalls.  Rather than trying to save her son before he had a chance to try, Sopik watched as Fraser spilled the pop all over the floor.

Then came the best part: Fraser found a waitress, asked for a paper towel and cleaned up his own mess. “He solved his own problem—just like we do as successful adults,” Sopik says.

When kids make their own age-appropriate choices, they feel more powerful, says Sopik, pointing out that kids as young as two can start considering the consequences of their decisions. Sopik always let her kids decide on their own whether to wear a coat, hat and mittens in winter. “Once they knew the difference between warm and cold, it was up to them. They should have control over their bodies and take responsibility for their choices,” she says.

In building self-esteem, kids also need opportunities to demonstrate their competence and feel that their contribution is valuable, says Taylor. At home, that means asking them, even when they’re toddlers, to help with cooking, setting the table and making beds.

Another surefire way to boost confidence in kids is to encourage them to take on tasks they show interest in, then make sure they follow through to completion. It doesn’t matter what the task—it could be anything from swimming laps to beating levels in video games. The point is for them to stick with what they start, so they feel that hit of accomplishment at the end.

What if your child’s self-esteem plummets when she gets cut from the gymnastics team or can’t memorize multiplication tables?

“So many parents have it backward,” Taylor says. “They think struggles and failure will hurt their kids’ self-esteem, but it’s actually a golden opportunity to help build it.”

Let your child know you love her even when she fails or makes bad decisions. If all you talk about is performance, Sopik points out, she will think you only love her for her report card or the lead she got in the play.

That may mean suggesting he join house league, where he can feel like a star rather than being the last one picked on the AA team. MacLeod learned this lesson when her son, Alex, was in grade two. Feeling like a failure at reading, Alex was ready to give up when MacLeod brought home some Magic Tree House books, which were slightly below Alex’s level. “He read one every two days and was so proud of himself that he went on to read the Goosebumps series, no problem,” she recalls. Afterward, mother and son talked about how Alex’s choice to practise paid off, and she praised his perseverance.

Although praise is often misused, when it’s specific and earned, it is a valuable self-esteem builder, Taylor says.

Lorna Crosse, a former music teacher, remembers asking her choir students to keep a “brag file” full of praise they earned. Any time they saw their names in a program or newspaper article or received a complimentary note, they were to put it inside. “When the kids had a bad day, they would take out those words of praise and read all the neat things they had done, and it would make them feel better about themselves. ”

The brag file works because it shows kids specific ways they’re special and teaches them that practise reaps rewards, Taylor says. And it’s the practise—the effort—that should be the focus of praise, Sopik says. “Don’t just say ‘great play’. Tell him it was awesome how he passed the ball to his teammate.”

And keep in mind that a little indirect praise, such as stars on a chore chart, can work wonders. Mom Nancy Botelho gets even more inventive. She makes sure her kids “overhear” a little boasting. “I’ll tell my friends how the teacher said Margaret is so kind, or how I saw Bridget working so hard at tying her shoes. The kids just shine. Since they were spying, they know I mean it and I’m not just trying to make them feel good.”

Here are some of the things that the Canadian Mental Health Association says you can do to help raise confident—not coddled—kids:

Feel special. It’s imporant for you to help your children discover their own unique talents and qualities, and to value their own strengths. But also teach them that feeling special doesn’t mean feeling better than others.

Set goals. Teach your kids to work towards a goal and to have pride in their accomplishments. Provide them with opportunities for success.

Try, try again. Encourage your children to try things their own way, face challenges and take risks.

This article was originally published in July 2013. 

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6 ways to help your child become self-confident

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Author: Anastasia Rybakova

Contents:

• Self-confidence - what is it?
• Why does a child need self-confidence?
• The child has become unsure of himself - what are the reasons and what to do?
• 6 ways to help your child become self-confident
• Psychological advice for dealing with self-doubt
• My personal experience - how I dealt with insecurity

In today's world, situations often arise when parents see that a child is withdrawing into himself, he has problems with self-esteem, with communication and hobbies, and not only. These are all signs that the child lacks self-confidence. My name is Nastya, I am 16 years old, and I decided to figure out why this is happening and how to help the child (and parents too) cope with this phenomenon.

Self-confidence what is it?

To make our conversation more informative, we need to understand some key theoretical points.

What is self-confidence? We can talk about many things, this is an adequate, directed in a positive direction, assessment of oneself and one's capabilities, the ability to accept one's shortcomings ...

But the most important thing follows from this very phrase, self-confidence is self-confidence.

This is what helps not to give up even in the most difficult times of life, to go forward, no matter what.

Why does a child need self-confidence?

We are used to the fact that adults think about self-confidence more often than children, it is more important for them. It's probably some kind of stereotype. After all, kids need more than that. Even more. Let's figure out why.

Self-confident children grow into self-confident adults!

That is, it is worth developing a child's self-confidence, at least so that everything is fine in his adult life. The phrase we all come from childhood fits here more than ever. All children's grievances, complexes, and so on greatly affect our place in life, success in the future.

Psychologists have found that the degree of success in adulthood directly depends on the degree of self-confidence.

• A child needs confidence in order to:
• He had healthy relationships both in the family and with peers;
• He studied easily, passed exams and answered at the blackboard;
• Tried new things and was not afraid to make mistakes;
• To grow up a happy person.

Nowadays this character trait is simply necessary everywhere and in everything!

The child has become unsure of himself - why and what to do?

It happens that initially the child was quite self-confident, open and positive, parents worked on the development of this quality, but suddenly he became more closed, more and more often a negative mood began to prevail.

First you just need to talk to him. Perhaps he himself will tell you the reasons for his behavior, his isolation. But if not, here are the 3 most common causes of self-doubt in toddlers:

1. Lack of love

   If a child feels some kind of alienation from people close to him, he withdraws into himself and feels anxiety and loneliness.

2. No support

   If you are constantly on anyone's side, but not for your child, leave him alone with his fears and do not help the child to fight them or experience them together, then the child experiences some kind of confusion, excitement.

3. Intimidation, aggression

   If you often shout at your child, frighten him, for example, with various difficulties, or beat (!!!) there is nothing surprising in the fact that the child is not self-confident. In this case, there is also no question of trusting relationships in the family.

6 ways to help your child become self-confident

So how can you help your child become more self-confident?

I have 6 tips for you:

1. Do not criticize, but support and guide

   How many of us like it when our work or our actions are criticized, and sometimes unjustifiably? That's right, nobody.

   Your support is very important for your child.

   For example, oh my god, never draw again, you're awful at it, it's not yours, but well done, you try so hard! Try again, you will surely succeed!

   I think the difference is obvious. In the first case, the child will be upset and with a 99% probability will no longer touch drawing, and most likely will destroy his talent, albeit hidden under a hundred randomly painted sheets. And in the second, the child will try again and again, and someday he will become, perhaps not Van Gogh, but a very good artist.

2. Let the child make mistakes

   At the same time, from childhood, let him understand that he himself bears responsibility, although not yet complete, but nevertheless, for his actions and what they led to. Tell your child why mistakes are okay.

   We are not all perfect.

   Again, returning to the previous paragraph, direct. Let's have a choice. Let the baby understand that he can choose this or that, and learn to understand the consequences of his choice.

3. Focus on your child's strengths

   Each of us has something that turns out better and worse

   If a child cannot sing, but he dances beautifully, give him the opportunity to develop in the area that causes positive emotions in him, in which he feels comfortable.

   No need to force him, figuratively speaking, to stand on a stool in front of the guests and sing, this will confuse the child, and knowing that vocals are not his forte, such a situation will remain in his head for a long time in the form of a kind of nightmare.

4. But at the same time, explain to the child why one should accept one's shortcomings

   I must say right away that this advice is more suitable for a teenager. Explain that shortcomings are also one of the sides of his character, and that it is worth working on it.

   Show by example how to get rid of some complexes.

   If there is a fear of public speaking, try to be in situations where you need to say something to a large enough audience as often as possible, etc.

   Having overcome one or another of his fears, a teenager will almost immediately feel much more self-confident.

5. Instill in your child the habit of continuous development

   Again, this advice applies more to teenagers. Now in the world of teenagers there are two trends: some of us prefer to stay at home, playing computer games and spending days on end in virtual life, others still strive to learn as much as possible new, to know the world and find our place in it through continuous development. I am glad that the second over time becomes more and more.

   If the child is not instilled from childhood, and then not explained in adolescence the full significance of continuous development, he may have problems at least with self-esteem, hence with self-confidence.

   People who love development and realize its value are more self-confident, and this is an indisputable fact.

6. Do not compare

   The fact that parents constantly compare the child with someone else, especially if the comparison is clearly not in the child's favor, discourages him from doing something because there is always someone better.

   Consequently, there is no need to talk about self-confidence in a baby growing up in such a family, but there are more than enough inferiority complexes.

   Each person is unique, and you need to love and try to accept your child as he is.

   Naturally, these are not all ways to help a child become self-confident, but only a part, but they are one of the most effective.

   Of course, you also need to take into account the age characteristics of the child and apply the above tips, focusing on the age of your child.

   1 to 3 years old , for example, the baby needs to be given at least a little independence and gradually expand its boundaries.

   From 3 to 7 years old a child can already see the difference between his physical and emotional states and somehow correct them depending on the situation. It is at this age that children are most often prone to copying the behavioral models of their parents, so take care of yourself as well.

Psychologists' advice on dealing with childhood insecurity

What do psychologists think about this? How do they see a competent struggle with self-doubt? Let's find out now!

The most important thing to do is to love yourself .

The first step towards this is to accept yourself.

It is more difficult for a child to do all this, he is not yet so knowledgeable in psychology and in the principle of life, so you should tell him about it. Show such things with your own example.

Tell him a simple truth no matter what you do, I will always love you, I will always be on your side, I will always support you.

Yes, after saying this, the child might try to do something not very good to test the strength of the ice. Your task is to take it calmly and explain what he is wrong about.

You did wrong, it should be corrected. I'm upset by your behavior. But I always love you, even when I am unhappy with your behavior and scold you.

Do not demand from a child what he is unable to fulfill.

I already mentioned this above in the tips.

Each person is unique, each of us has different capabilities and abilities, and it is a bad idea to demand from a child the realization of his own unfulfilled goals and desires.

Always try to prove some statements/beliefs by your own example.

If a child sees that you are dependent on the opinion of society, try to isolate yourself from the outside world and hide in your comfort zone, do not be surprised that he will behave the same way.

If you don't want your child to repeat some of your mistakes or not the best traits of your character, learn and change with him.

Give your child the opportunity to make choices and make mistakes, but don't demand too much from him.

Children are children after all. Do not intimidate, but do not try to protect yourself from all the bad things that theoretically take place, there is no and cannot be one hundred percent insurance.

Consider the psychological characteristics of your child in all situations.

This is both temperament and his psycho-emotional state at one time or another, and much more. Your behavior also depends on the complex of the psychological capabilities of the baby.

Sometimes a child should be encouraged and motivated to, for example, do something else, and sometimes give him the opportunity to relax and calm down by stopping classes.

Teach your child to understand his feelings and accept support, make mistakes and correct mistakes

It is very useful to attend confidence courses for children aged 6-8. Because this trait is brought up from childhood. And if this age of the child has already passed, you can learn more about yourself at teenage confidence trainings. Or it is important to study the information in books so that the child understands what is happening to him and therefore develops awareness.

How I coped with my insecurities

It so happened that in my childhood and early adolescence I was a very insecure and insecure child.

This was influenced by many factors - excessive demands and expectations of parents in many ways. As a result, I developed perfectionism. It brings to something good in extremely rare cases. And also - my closeness as a character trait.

I was afraid to try something new, to make mistakes, if something did not work out, I gave up, got upset and refused to try again.

I am grateful to my friends who were by my side at the age of 13.

It was only then that I began to become more relaxed, open up and, probably, became truly alive, it was all thanks to them.

Around the age of 14-15, I myself reached the point of what self-confidence is for me personally, how can I personally develop this quality in myself. Life has become much easier.

I started getting interested in psychology, it was very interesting for me to understand myself, and this field of activity helped me become who I am now. I like myself like this.

Yes, now sometimes, in some situations, I can close myself, but I'm glad that I'm learning to get out of my comfort zone and overcome some complexes, unfortunately, that appeared in childhood.

I am proud that I had the willpower not to quit halfway through what I started. It was difficult, because the people around me got used to me being quiet, withdrawn, that you can laugh at me, etc. I think that I am well done, that I have not finished fighting my fears, I have overcome myself, and most importantly, I have stopped paying attention to the opinions of society.

It is important to understand that people will always say something.

It's not, it's not. Doesn't matter. The main thing in this countless number of judgments is not to lose yourself and your views on life.

Whatever you say, trainings and courses on confidence development are very useful. They give the opportunity to understand that not only you have such difficulties, to understand yourself, get support and feel that you are understood.

What I would like to say in conclusion of our conversation:

Love your children. Talk to them, try to understand and accept everything that happens in their lives, their views, opinions and choices. Try to be sensitive towards them. Their behavior, their place in life in the future directly depends on how their childhood passed, what was the psychological climate in the family. It is in your hands to do everything possible so that the adult life of your child is filled with happiness, harmony and confidence in yourself and your abilities! I wish you success!

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How to help a child become more confident?

• Tags:
• Expert advice
• 3-7 years
• 7-12 years
• first step
• help the child

How can I help my child become more confident?

Step-by-step instructions

Recently, we received a letter from the mother of a schoolgirl in which she complained that her daughter was not self-confident: she was afraid to prove herself at school, avoiding initiative.

The problem described by our reader is not new. Many parents are faced with this: the child is closed, unsure of himself, it is difficult to converge with classmates, does not defend his point of view. And in the future, such uncertainty can turn into complexes, complicate social adaptation, prevent him from revealing his abilities and finding himself in life.

How can parents help their child?

Step one. Intelligence

First of all, you need to understand the causes of uncertainty, to realize, and for this to analyze, in what situations it manifests itself. Make a list of situations in which the child experiences difficulty. For example, he is insecure in a new situation, hangs out in an unfamiliar team, is afraid to make contact with a stranger. I personally know several examples when buying bread in a tent becomes an insurmountable obstacle, because the child is embarrassed to talk to the seller.

Or an obedient child becomes aggressive when guests come to visit their parents. He is unfriendly, snaps, behaves shockingly, runs away, does not make contact.

Maybe he gets a bad grade at school, although he told you the whole paragraph by heart the day before. And in the classroom, he was embarrassed to go to the blackboard and clearly answer the teacher's question. As a result, he preferred a deuce to five "minutes of fame."

I gave different situations at first glance, but they can be united by one reason - self-doubt. And if the child cannot go through the situation on his own, he needs your help.

Step two. Conversation

The analysis of a psychological problem should always begin with a confidential conversation. I emphasize - confidential and emphasize especially - conversation. We all think we're talking to kids, but we don't always really talk to them from a psychological standpoint.

In this case, a conversation on emotions after getting a deuce, a conversation on the way to school, on the run at breakfast or a telephone conversation is not counted. As well as it should not be a monologue of a parent, about how to and not to act. We should strive for a heart-to-heart dialogue in a cozy atmosphere, when the child himself is set to communicate. Do not tie the conversation to some kind of offense, the baby should not prepare for the fact that he will not be scolded.

Your task as a sensitive parent during the conversation is to understand what made the child do certain actions, what he thought, what feelings he experienced. At the same time, he should mainly speak. If it’s difficult for him, you can start: build a hypothesis, like “It seems to me that you don’t like it when the Ivanovs come to visit us” or give a fictional situation about how scared you were to answer in front of the blackboard as a child. Such a technique should set a trusting tone for communication.

When a child shares his feelings with you, approve of his words, nod in understanding, confirm that you would be scared in a similar situation. Your attention and trust in the child is already the first step to making him more confident. After all, if an understanding mother stands behind him, then he is no longer so scared.

End with a positive example of how people have dealt with their insecurities. Promise him that in such situations he can always share his experiences with you.

Step 3. Look at the environment

Now that the information from the child has been received, we can begin to analyze external factors. Why exactly such feelings, sensations arise in your baby? I must say right away that a certain shyness is characteristic of children - this is normal. Someone is actively exploring the world, striving for self-expression, someone, on the contrary, is turned inward. These are individual personality traits that must be respected. But at the same time, a child with these features should be comfortable in a social environment, so some points can and should be corrected.

So, after talking with the child, you can analyze the behavior of other participants in difficult situations. Perhaps the child behaves insecurely not in general, but with certain people - for example, with those who have an imperious, authoritarian character. He may not be afraid of the school, but only of a certain teacher. Then talk to the teacher. Many children are afraid of oral answers at the blackboard, especially when the teacher is strict and asks tricky questions. Try to find a common language with the teacher, explain that you are checking the child's homework, are confident in his knowledge and ask to check them in writing if possible.

It is also important to look at one's own behavior: it's no secret that children imbibe the behavior patterns of their elders. How do you meet new situations? Be honest with yourself: maybe you also keep silent in stressful situations or shift difficult tasks to relatives. Are you confident talking to strangers? If not, then the child simply has no one to learn confidence from, and he subconsciously adopts your model of behavior, considering it normal and working.

Step 4. Help

Parents are the authority for the child, so he needs your support in difficult situations that you discussed in the first step. Go to the store with him, specifically talk to the seller, consult on the choice of goods - arrange a master class in front of children's eyes so that the baby understands how pleasant it can be to communicate with new people and what, when communicating, buying is more pleasant. If the child is afraid to talk on the phone, call more often with him on business, showing him communication models. Perhaps he really does not have patterns of behavior.

If the call needs to be made specifically to the child (for example, to learn homework from a friend), write down the conversation with him on paper. This technique is often used by managers working with clients.

Uncertainty very often goes hand in hand with low self-esteem, so children should be praised and scolded properly. It is necessary to praise not only and not so much in general, but for specific actions, so that they understand what they succeed in.

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