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Causes and symptoms of miscarriage in early pregnancy

A woman treats the news of her own pregnancy with particular trepidation. A new life begins to develop inside it, which will soon be born and become the main reason for its existence for the coming years. However, early miscarriage is able to cross out unrealizable dreams and postpone successful delivery for an indefinite period. When the expulsion of the fetus occurs before 12 weeks of its development in the womb, every fifth woman does not yet know about the upcoming motherhood. This does not make the process of loss any less emotionally and physically painful. But after learning about a failed pregnancy and turning to a doctor, a woman can determine causes of miscarriage to prevent a similar situation in the future.

Early miscarriage - how does the anomaly proceed

What does science define by the term "miscarriage"? From the point of view of gynecology, this is the process of spontaneous termination of pregnancy up to 22 weeks, when the weight parameters of the embryo do not exceed 0.5 kg. If a baby developing in the womb weighs 500 grams, then doctors can save him and give a premature baby the opportunity for a happy life. If the weight is less than this indicator, then the struggle for the life of the born baby is meaningless. As mentioned above, early miscarriage is often not felt by the woman. All she notices is a slight delay in the menstrual cycle and increased bleeding during the onset of menstruation, accompanied by severe pain.

Discomfort and painful symptoms can be soothed by taking painkillers and nettle infusion. However, in some cases they are powerless, so going to the doctor is the only right decision in this situation. Analyzing causes of miscarriage , you will surely remember how a copious blood clot came out of you along with menstruation. It was he who became the main symptom of spontaneous expulsion of the fetus by the body.

When a clot breaks, it is important to see a doctor immediately. After the examination, the specialist will tell you if there are any remains of the fetus inside you. In this case, early miscarriage requires cleaning of the uterus to remove traces of embryonic decay from it and prevent subsequent development of infection.

In case of a miscarriage before 12 weeks, the woman's body seems to give a signal that it is not ready for a full-fledged pregnancy. Or that the parents have health problems that need to be addressed. Consult a doctor to find out the causes of the pathology. The specialist will conduct an examination, prescribe a set of preventive, therapeutic and supportive procedures, after which it will be possible to start talking about pregnancy and childbirth again.

Such different causes of miscarriage – let's get acquainted with provocateurs

Among the most common causes of miscarriage, problems of various etiologies can be noted. Among them:

• Genetic failures - in the presence of a mutating element in the parental chromosomes, the fetus is expelled from the uterus as incapacitated and contrary to the principles of natural selection of the organism. Various factors can influence the manifestation and development of pathology, it is not always possible to determine them exactly.
• Hormonal imbalance - the cause of miscarriage may be insufficient production of the hormone progesterone, or the predominance of male hormones in the female body. At the stage of preparation for pregnancy, such an anomaly is easily eliminated by the use of hormone therapy. Such measures help to avoid spontaneous abortion at an early stage.
• Rh-conflict of parents - with a negative Rh factor of the mother's blood, the same indicator of the father plays a very important role. With opposite values ​​ early miscarriage is quite possible. If the fetus has a positive Rh factor, then the mother's body seeks to get rid of the foreign body, trying to expel the embryo by any available means. With early diagnosis of an anomaly, the doctor uses progesterone to protect the fetus, which prevents the expulsion of the fetus. If both parents are negative for the Rh factor, then the conflict can be avoided.
• Infectious diseases are a negative factor that can cause harm to the fetus and the body of the expectant mother of various strengths. In the case of genital infections, it is better to get rid of them before the moment of conception, otherwise infection of the embryo is inevitable. It could become cause of miscarriage early pregnancy . Inflammatory processes in the body of a woman are also taken into account. An increase in temperature in response to the harmful effects of the disease is often accompanied by a general intoxication of the body. This takes away the strength of the fetus, so the body easily gives up the embryo without keeping it in the uterus.
• Abortion is a rather complicated operation in terms of the strength of the subsequent impact on the female body. Unprofessional disposal of the fetus can become cause a miscarriage in the future, and also lead the woman to a complete loss of reproductive function. It is impossible to correct the situation, therefore, doctors, as a rule, communicate for a long time with a woman who has decided to have an abortion in order to convince her to carry out her plans.
• Medicines and medicines - the first trimester of pregnancy is famous for the fact that during this period it is strictly forbidden to take any medicines and drugs. Since vital organs are laid in the embryo, the funds can provoke an anomaly in the development of the child. Also during pregnancy, herbs are prohibited: nettle, tansy, St. John's wort, parsley. Their intake can cause miscarriage and loss of the embryo by the mother's body.
• Mechanical injuries - during pregnancy it is very important to protect yourself from serious physical exertion and possible mechanical damage. From the first days, fitness and other types of physical activity in non-specialized groups are prohibited. In order not to provoke an early miscarriage , it is better to enroll in specialized sports groups for pregnant women, where the load is accurately calculated and only exercises that are harmless to the health of the mother and child are used. You can not lift weights, overexert yourself, be subjected to falls, bumps and unsuccessful loads. Even if the mother is full of health and strength, during pregnancy it is better to beware of careless actions.
• Other factors - unfavorable environment, harmful working conditions, unbalanced diet.

There are also causes of miscarriage based on stress, depression, nervous mood of the future mother. Even at the stage of pregnancy planning, parents should change the usual rhythm of life in order to exclude all negative factors from it. This truth is especially true for women. In order not to provoke an early miscarriage , she must get rid of bad habits, addiction to coffee, alcohol, smoking. She needs to rest more, get enough sleep, eat right and rationally, walk more and breathe fresh air.

Symptoms of a miscarriage - how to determine the termination of pregnancy

The most pronounced signs of spontaneous abortion are pain in the lower abdomen and in the lumbar region, as well as bleeding. Pain symptoms are often spasmodic in nature. They arise suddenly, slowly step aside and after a certain period they roll again. Bloody discharge from the vagina or unstoppable bleeding requires the immediate call of an ambulance team. When observing such signs, there is a high probability of miscarriage in the early stages , so the hospitalization of the expectant mother in such conditions is necessary.

If we compare abundant bleeding and spotting manifestations, then the latter give more chances for the preservation of the fetus. However, it is not worth delaying the call of the doctor in both cases. The consequences can be very serious. If abundant blood flow is accompanied by the presence of clots and pieces of mucous in the fluid, then this indicates a miscarriage that has already occurred.

Often a possible harbinger of termination of pregnancy is a diagnosis made by an obstetrician-gynecologist, indicating a high tone of the uterus. So that the cause of miscarriage does not provoke it, the future woman in labor is advised to remain calm, not to be nervous, not to overwork.

In general, the presence of many of the symptoms listed above is not a panacea for abortion. With timely treatment of a woman to a doctor, further gestation is possible. The only thing that will have to be faced in this case is the careful care of the attending staff of the gynecological consultation.

Treatment of early miscarriage

Bed rest is the main rule for the normal course of pregnancy when there are threats to it. The doctor, excluding any causes of miscarriage , recommends that the future woman in labor lead a measured and calm lifestyle, take care of herself and her own nerves, eat well and give herself little joys, raising her spirits and tuning in to positive. If the threat of losing the child is strong, then the specialist may completely prohibit getting out of bed once again. In this case, ideal conditions can only be achieved in a hospital, which is why pregnant women with a burdened history are often placed in the prenatal ward for preservation.

Psychologists say that the psycho-emotional background of the expectant mother plays one of the leading roles in the process of preparing for childbirth. In order not to provoke a miscarriage at an early stage and at a later period, a woman needs to think about the good and pleasant. It is useful to read your favorite books, listen to soothing music, breathe measuredly and calmly. To prevent you from having the slightest chance of being upset, your doctor may prescribe valerian or motherwort. For pregnant women, they are absolutely harmless. Expectant mothers are encouraged to think positive. About how the baby will be born, what name the parents will give him, how beautiful and strong he will become as he grows up.

If the causes of miscarriage are more significant, then the doctor may prescribe hormonal agents that normalize the general background of pregnancy. Medications with a high content of progesterone, anti-hyperandrogenism drugs and reducing the risk of Rhesus conflict pills may be prescribed. If the threat of miscarriage is high, then cervical closure may be used. The sutures are applied under anesthesia, so the procedure is not painful.

Some women have to be under the strict supervision of specialists for the entire period of pregnancy. It happens when possible early miscarriage and later. At the same time, the future woman in labor can be placed in the hospital once, and can also be there on a permanent basis. The reward for strict adherence to the doctor's recommendations is a full-fledged process of pregnancy development and childbirth in due time. A healthy baby who was born can more than compensate for all the inconvenience and discomfort experienced by the parents.

In order to prevent miscarriage, it is recommended that both parents take a balanced approach to the decision to become pregnant. It is necessary to prepare for conception in advance, undergo all the necessary examinations, pass the recommended tests. This will eliminate the maximum causes of miscarriage and reduce the risk of developing a negative scenario during pregnancy. At least six months before the date of the intended conception, it is necessary to change the usual way of life of the parents. It is necessary to eliminate bad habits, give up alcohol, smoking, and the use of harmful products.

What are the possible consequences of an early miscarriage

If a miscarriage occurs early in the course of pregnancy, then serious consequences are extremely rare. They can be caused by self-termination of pregnancy with the help of drugs and artisanal traditional medicine recipes. An urgent consultation with a gynecologist is necessary when a blood clot comes out of the vagina, indicating a miscarriage. It is better to clean the uterus in time than to expose it to the risk of developing sepsis and blood poisoning.

Early miscarriage help

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A miscarriage occurs when the fetus is shed from the endometrium, the inner lining of the uterus. According to experts, two out of 10 clinically established pregnancies end in spontaneous abortion. It is necessary to understand in more detail the causes, symptoms and methods of dealing with miscarriage.

How an early miscarriage occurs

There are three steps in this process. First, the fetus dies, after which it detaches from the endometrial layer. This is manifested by the fact that bleeding begins.

At the third stage, everything that has exfoliated is removed from the uterine cavity. The process may be complete or incomplete. In the early stages - five to six weeks - the process resembles ordinary menstruation. They are characterized by painful and much more unpleasant sensations. You can find out that it was just an early miscarriage by taking tests for the ratio of hCG in the blood.

Miscarriage symptoms

Abdominal cramps, cramps or spotting are signs of miscarriage. However, they do not always appear. It is necessary to note the most typical manifestations of the presented state and their main characteristics.

Temperature

For a short period of time, hyperthermia may well not be observed. Fever is not the most common symptom. In some cases, the thermometer readings really rise to 38 degrees or more.

However, when hyperthermia is accompanied by a number of additional symptoms, a septic miscarriage is likely. These are its symptoms:

• severe pain in the abdomen and in the depths of the vagina;
• increase in the tone of the uterus, which is felt by shocks inside;
• pungent, pungent and unpleasant odour.

All this indicates that the infection has joined. In such a case, emergency hospitalization is strongly recommended to stop the development of the process. It is better not to engage in self-medication or the use of folk recipes.

Discharge

Early miscarriage can indeed be accompanied by discharge. They may be habitual, as during menstruation. Also, the discharge may be smearing, insignificant.

Brown, scanty secretion, much less likely to end in spontaneous abortion. Most often, this is indicated by abundant and bright red discharge. It is blood that normally appears when the fetus is rejected from the inner layer of the uterus.

Pain

The severity of unpleasant and specific sensations may differ from each other depending on the duration of pregnancy. Probably the accession of pain, similar to menstruation. Most often, a similar symptom indicates an early miscarriage - no more than six weeks.

Probably cramping pains in the abdomen, pulling in the back. Their strength can vary from subtle to much more pronounced. In the rarest cases, when the clinical picture is complicated by a long course, this leads to a state of shock.

Another typical manifestation of pain is discomfort in the back or abdomen. Only then are the discharges identified. A similar situation is most typical for spontaneous abortion at the seventh or eighth week of pregnancy.

Causes of miscarriage

The first factor is genetic abnormalities in the development of the fetus. It is they who most often lead to miscarriage in the early stages. Violations can be expressed in qualitative or quantitative failures in chromosomes. In this regard, the female body recognizes the defect, and therefore does not allow such a fetus to develop further. Most often, such rejection is noted in the third week of pregnancy.

The next reason that an early miscarriage has developed may be disturbances in the functioning of the endocrine gland. Hormones determine not only the success and regularity of the cycle, but also how well the fetus is attached to the mucous surface of the uterus. If, due to a malfunction of the thyroid gland, the endometrium is not able to provide the fetus with all the necessary components, the pregnancy will not go well. Most often, a miscarriage occurs at the beginning or at the end of the fourth week.

Other reasons why pregnancy is terminated:

1. Rhesus conflict. If the parents have different Rh factors, then the risk that a miscarriage will occur after the first weeks of pregnancy increases significantly. This happens if a woman has a negative Rh, and the child has a positive, inherited from the father. In such a situation, the female body recognizes the fetus as a foreign object. Therefore, it is excreted from the uterus. Timely diagnosis allows you to save the child through full-fledged drug therapy.
2. Sexually transmitted diseases, other infections. Similar problematic conditions also lead to spontaneous abortion. In this case, the embryo is infected at a very early stage. That is why the body will perceive it as a foreign object. In this regard, a miscarriage will occur already in the fifth week.
3. Previous abortions. Another common reason why a miscarriage occurred. Abortion is a huge stress for the reproductive system, which leads to thinning of the lining of the uterus. That is why the risk of miscarriage may be greater.

Abdominal injuries should not be excluded from the injury list. Sharp pressure on the peritoneum, including when lifting weights, can provoke an abortion. Also on the list are severe stress, anxiety and depression. Anything that violates the normal state of a woman can lead to serious consequences.

How to avoid miscarriage

The main goal of treatment is to relieve tension in the uterus. It will be equally important to stop the bleeding and prolong the pregnancy, but only on the condition that the fetus is viable. The sooner medical assistance is provided, the higher the likelihood of preserving the fetus, without the need to determine the expected timing of miscarriages.

Our specialists will help you with this. Only we have the most qualified and experienced doctors who know exactly how to treat even the most difficult cases. They will conduct a full diagnosis and prescribe the most effective, effective medicines.

Drug treatment

Hormonal drugs are used. They at an early stage determine the normal course of pregnancy. Medicines based on the hormone progesterone are effective.

1. The use of hemostatic drugs. In the case of pregnant women, droppers are used with drugs such as Dicinon or Tranexam. They are needed to stop bleeding.
2. Antispasmodics. Experts recommend injections of Drotaverin, followed by a switch to painkillers such as No-shpa. Papaverine suppositories, droppers with the addition of magnesia are also used. All of them are necessary in order to remove a number of signs of a pathological condition, namely, an increased tone of the uterus and pronounced pain.
3. Use of Tocopherol. Vitamin E is an indispensable component for women, including pregnant women. It ensures the normal and full functioning of the ovaries. Tocopherol also strengthens the vascular walls, eliminates the formation of blood clots.
4. Sedative preparations. Use motherwort or valerian tincture. The presented measure is recommended for increased irritability or nervousness of a pregnant woman.

To prevent early miscarriage, our clinic recommends glucocorticosteroids. Apply Dexamethasone or Metipred. They are prescribed to patients with diagnosed immune disorders that can lead to early termination of pregnancy.

Optionally, a special relief ring can be installed. The presented procedure is carried out in the second trimester, or rather after the 20th week of gestation.

Remove such a device not earlier than 38 weeks. It is necessary for a woman to maintain the correct position of the uterus. Also, the unloading ring helps to prevent premature birth.

Additional measures

To avoid early miscarriage, it is recommended to stop physical activity. Especially when it comes to jumping, lifting weights. Rest, lack of sudden physical activity and adherence to bed rest will help to keep the pregnancy.

Another preventive measure will be the exclusion of sudden movements. At any stage of pregnancy, they can provoke detachment of the embryo or lead to serious complications in its development.

To exclude an early miscarriage will allow:

• emotional calm and absence of stress;
• refusal to take a hot bath or visit a bath, sauna - this is due to the fact that high temperatures provoke increased bleeding, as well as detachment of the fetus;
• restriction of sexual intercourse - if there is a threat that an early miscarriage will occur, they refuse to have sex;
• exclusion of alcohol, nicotine addiction.

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