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How long does it take to get guardianship of a child


How to Establish Guardianship of a Child FAQs

For anyone interested in learning how to establish guardianship of a child, there are so many concerns accompanying such an important process. First of all, you'll want to get an understanding of the legal process required to get started, not to mention the factors considered by the court.

Read on for answers to common questions about establishing guardianship of a child.

Frequently Asked Questions

  • What's the procedure for establishing guardianship of a child?
  • Can I appoint a legal guardian for my own children?
  • Do I need to explain my choice of legal guardian for my children?
  • What if the parents of the child don't consent? Can I still establish guardianship of the child?
  • How burdensome are the responsibilities of a legal guardianship?
  • Discuss your concerns about how to establish guardianship of a child with an attorney.

What's the procedure for establishing guardianship of a child?

You can establish guardianship of a child by filing papers in court. Initially, file a petition stating your interest in obtaining guardianship along with a filing fee. You'll also want to file a letter of consent from the child's parents if that is possible.

Once you've filed your petition, the court may set up interviews with you and possibly the child, the child's parents (if they're available), and anyone else who may have an interest. In some cases, the court may order a home visit or inspection. Also, a criminal background check of the would-be guardian is usually conducted.

Once the judge has approved your guardianship petition, they'll give you an order to establish guardianship. Be sure to check your local government's website for instructions. Some of these sites may even have forms you can download, fill out, and file with the court.

Can I appoint a legal guardian for my own children?

Yes, and doing so is good planning. In case of the unfortunate event that you become unable to raise your children, you should establish guardianship for them. One way to handle designating someone as your child's guardian is to do so in your will.

Choose someone you trust and add a clause to your will that you want that person to raise your children if you ever become incapable of doing so. Reasons for the inability to raise your child could include death or incapacitation.

In your will, name one person as guardian and one person as an alternate. Indicating an alternate is important in case the first person you indicate can't fulfill the position for any reason. Do this for each of your children.

You can even indicate more than one guardian and more than one alternate for any one of your children. Keep in mind, however, that this has the potential to create problems should the co-guardians ever disagree. Appointing a married couple often works well. Be sure to name both members of the couple. Doing so ensures that they have legal custody to make decisions for your child.

But keep in mind the drawbacks unique to designating a guardian in a will. The designation of a guardian in your will may not be honored under some circumstances. For example, in some states, when one parent dies, the other parent automatically gets custody unless they're proven unfit. In such a case, a probate court may refer the case to a family court with jurisdiction to determine custody issues. This might happen if your co-parent were to contest the guardianship designation in your will.

When choosing a legal guardian, keep in mind that by law, the designated person must be:

  • An adult
  • Physically able to fulfill the responsibilities of a guardianship
  • Have ample time to care for your child or children
  • Able to afford to raise your children, using their own income or with assets you leave for your child's or children's care

Do I need to explain my choice of legal guardian?

It's always a good idea to leave a letter of explanation for any judge that may question the choice you make concerning the person you designate as your child's guardian. Judges use the "best interests of the child" standard, and a judge will likely want to know why you feel the designated person serves those interests. Judges consider the following:

  • The child's preference
  • Who can best fulfill the child's needs, stability, and continuous care
  • The relationship between the child and the potential legal guardian
  • The moral character, fitness, and conduct of the potential guardian

What if the parents of the child don't consent? Can I still establish guardianship of the child?

Generally, guardianship is only granted if:

  • Both parents consent to the guardianship unless only one is available to do so
  • The parents have abandoned the child
  • A judge finds it would be in the child's best interests to remove the child from the parent's custody

And in cases where the parents object, you may still be able to obtain guardianship. In most cases, this involves proving the parents are unfit.

Besides the parents, the child's other family members also have rights when it comes to how you obtain guardianship. The other family members must be notified, and they also have the option to object. Although you don't need consent from all the child's relatives, their objections could create issues in your application process and the process in general. If this happens, be sure to promptly consult an attorney. And even if you obtain guardianship despite their objections, you may find yourself in a tense relationship with the other family members.

How burdensome are the responsibilities of legal guardianship?

It's not an easy task to be a minor's legal guardian. There are many responsibilities, including financial obligations and time with the child. If the biological parents are still living and still have rights to the child, such as physical child custody or visitation, then they're financially responsible for the child.

In most cases, you're taking on all the responsibilities of a parent when you become a guardian. Before taking on this role, consider the following questions:

  • Do I want the continuous responsibilities of legal guardianship?
  • Am I ready to accept full liability for the child's actions?
  • Do I want to act as the legal parent of this child for the entirety of the guardianship?
  • Will the parents support my guardianship, or will they be hostile?
  • How will guardianship affect my own family, health, job, and life overall?

Becoming the legal guardian of a child is a huge responsibility with a lot to consider. Think carefully about the questions above and plan accordingly. Also, keep in mind that, generally speaking, the parent(s) may revoke the guardianship at any time.

Discuss Your Concerns About Guardianship of a Child with an Attorney

Are you applying for guardianship? Are you feeling confused as you navigate how complicated the process can be? A great first step is contacting an experienced family law attorney who can help you map out your plans for establishing guardianship. Get started today by finding a family law attorney near you.

Timing - When Does Guardianship Take Place?

Getting court ordered guardianship over your adult disabled child is something you have known is coming for years. There is a lot of misinformation out there on how long it takes to get a court ordered guardianship in place. I have several clients get in touch with me when their children turn 16 asking if this is the time to get the guardianship ball rolling. The earliest you can file for a guardianship is when your disabled child is 17.5 years old.

Your disabled child does not need a court ordered guardian until he/she turns 18. It is the fact that your child is becoming an adult, regardless of the degree of his/her disability, which triggers the need for the court ordered guardianship.

1. When can you file for court ordered guardianship?

Let’s take a look at a typical timeline. Let’s say your son, who we will call Max, will turn 18 on July 1. This means that he is 17.5 on January 1. You are allowed to file guardianship papers once your child turns 17.5.  If you want to file the guardianship papers as soon as you are able, then you should get in touch with a guardianship attorney on December 1. That is plenty of time to get the paperwork ready to be filed on January 1.

If you file the court papers on January 1, you will most likely get a court hearing sometime in late March. There is a mandatory 45-day waiting period between when papers are filed with the court and when a guardianship hearing takes place. However, the courts are pretty busy and as a practical matter, you probably will have more like a 60-75 day delay. Let’s say the hearing is scheduled on March 15.

When you go to the hearing on March 15, the judge will grant the guardianship, but say that it does not go into effect until July 1 when Max actually turns 18. This is ok because until Max actually turns 18, you don’t need the court ordered guardianship.

2. Must a court ordered guardianship be in place as of Max's 18th birthday?

Do you have to get guardianship of Max just before or around his 18th birthday? It is really up to you. I have had clients with children in their 20’s and 30’s before court ordered guardianship is obtained. Most of the time, doctors, schools, employers and others often will deal with you as the parent of a disabled adult. In their minds, someone needs to make a decision for Max and they are happy you stepped up to the plate. However, the risk you take in waiting is that someone will not deal with you, regardless of the degree of Max’s disability and his obvious inability to speak, make decisions, etc. At that point in time, needing to get an emergency court ordered guardianship so you can make decisions is no fun. For this reason, the vast majority of people get the guardianship around their child’s 18th birthday.

3. Why do you need to get court ordered guardianship anyway?

You are welcome to scream and shout that you are Max’s parents and are definitely entitled to make decisions for him, regardless of a court ordered guardianship. You may think, “who is a judge to question my ability to parent and love my child?” You may well be right, except that once Max is an adult, he has all of the rights of an adult, just like you, regardless of whether he is able to exercise those rights. Adults are allowed to make their own decisions. In order to “take those rights” away from Max requires court action and oversight. The good news is that this type of system helps protect Max from bad folks looking to take advantage of him. The bad news is that you, as a parent, kind of get lumped in with the bad guys.

You only need to go to one court hearing for the court ordered guardianship. Even if the guardianship hearing is before Max’s 18th birthday and before the guardianship is needed, only one hearing is necessary. At the hearing, the judge orders that the guardianship doesn’t become official until July 1 when Max turns 18, or if the hearing is after July 1, the guardianship becomes official at the hearing.

We arrange custody of a child with living parents

Children are the most unprotected category of people in society. Sometimes it is they who need protection more than adults. In life, there are situations in which fathers and mothers do not show the necessary care for their children. There are solutions to this problem in the legislation. One solution to the problem is guardianship.

Free consultation on family issues specialist Sergey Borisovich Volkov REQUEST A CALL

WHEN DO YOU NEED GUARDIANSHIP FOR MINORS?

Guardianship of a minor is issued in the event that the father and mother do not fully fulfill their obligations to the child. To obtain the status of a guardian for a child who has parents, the law establishes the following.

  • This can be both a physical and mental disorder, in which there is no full-fledged care for the child.
  • Field of activity related to permanent and unlimited business trips. nine0016
  • The territory of residence of the father and mother is in another city or country.
  • Lack of opportunity to provide your own child with things necessary for life, growth and development.
  • The desire of parents to give up their child on a voluntary basis.

The Family Code still contains reasons related to the return of the father and mother of the child. Parents have not reached the 16-year return, and the relationship is not registered according to the norms of the legislation of the Russian Federation. nine0003

WHO CAN BECOME A GUARDIAN, WHAT REQUIREMENTS DO THE LAW
  • Legal legislation puts the interests of the child at the head. That is why a prerequisite for the life of the baby and his social development is to improve the standard of living and his environment before the change of guardianship. A complete list of requirements is specified in article 146 of the Family Code
  • The guardian must have full legal capacity. This means that the guardian must have a legal form of legal action and it is he who is absolutely responsible for the execution of any action related to the field of jurisprudence. nine0016
  • It is unacceptable to have criminal or administrative punishment, as well as cases of deprivation of parental rights from a person who wants to become a guardian and take care of a child.

A person who is ready to take responsibility for a minor citizen will not be appointed as a guardian if he has a chronic drug or alcohol addiction (a mandatory medical examination of candidates for guardianship is carried out). And also people with the first group of disability are not allowed to guardianship. nine0003

HOW TO GET GUARDIANCY OVER A CHILD

The legal legislation of the Russian Federation provides for only two main possibilities for obtaining custody of a child:

  • - the presence of written consent from the biological parents
  • - availability of documents indicating the deprivation of legal parents of their parental rights

WHAT CHILDREN ARE ALLOWED TO GET CUSTODIANS
  • Before the age of 14 of the minor.
  • In case of deprivation of the father and mother of the rights to the child, then until the age of 18, and in exceptional situations up to 23 years.
  • When there is a temporary lack of opportunities for full-fledged child care.

Guardianship for a certain period of time is issued in the following cases:

  • The father and mother officially terminated their marriage.
  • A person who has not reached the age of majority attends an educational institution located far from the place of residence
  • An unfavorable economic situation in the family or one of the parents has a serious physical or mental deviation.

GUARDIANSHIP OF A SICK CHILD WITH A DISABILITY

The process for obtaining guardianship of a minor with a disability is very different from that of a child without a disability. All this is due to the fact that disabled children are more defenseless. According to the law, disability is considered to be physical and mental disabilities. nine0003

    • A person who wants to become a guardian of a child with a disability must go through the most difficult procedure.
    • Proper comprehensive medical examination.
    • Written parental consent is required. If this consent is not provided by the guardian, the registration process is very complicated.

GET A PRICE

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Relatives, especially grandmothers, have priority in matters of guardianship. And all because grandmothers, like no one else, can replace a mother for a child.
Although relatives have the first priority when applying for guardianship, the package of documents for guardianship remains unchanged. Of course, the desire of the persons in respect of whom guardianship is issued is taken into account in accordance with the law, but as practice shows, children with a great desire remain to live with close relatives. nine0003

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE GUARDIAN

The Family Code is the document regulating the main processes related to guardianship and guardianship, and in disputable situations it is necessary to refer to the federal normative act (law).

A person who has taken custody of a minor is obliged:

  • The guardian is obliged to provide his ward with housing, clothing and food.
  • The guardian takes care of the health of his or her ward and takes measures for treatment in case of symptoms indicating illness. nine0016
  • The guardian is obliged to provide the minor with all conditions for comprehensive development, provide an opportunity for education.
  • The guardian must meet the needs of the child until the age of 16.
  • The guardian must have a common residence with the ward until he reaches the age of 16 years.
  • When changing the place of residence, the person who has issued guardianship is obliged to notify the guardianship authorities about this. nine0016
  • The guardian is obliged to own and use the property of the ward with the written permission of the authorized bodies.
  • The funds of a minor are spent only on his needs. The guardian submits an annual report for the money of his ward.

A person who has taken custody of a minor has the right:

  • A person who has taken custody of a minor has the right to use the things of a minor until the age of 14, and with the permission of the child up to 16 years of age. A person in respect of whom guardianship has been issued begins to participate in legal transactions on his own, only when he reaches the established age. nine0016
  • The person who has issued guardianship independently establishes the methods of the educational process of the ward, but the guardianship authorities have the right to express their opinion.
  • The guardian receives money for the child he has taken into custody.
  • If the person who has issued guardianship has a decreased financial condition, or health problems begin, he has the right to cancel guardianship in the relevant authorities.

WHAT DOCUMENTS DO YOU NEED?

Due to the fact that when formalizing guardianship, guardianship authorities entrust the life and health of a minor child, this process is rather laborious and requires a large amount of materials, which reflect the maximum information about the guardian. Documents related to the materials required for registration of guardianship:

  • Identity document (passport).
  • A complete and consistent account of the life of the person who draws up guardianship (autobiography). The autobiography reflects information about education, places of residence and places of work. Providing false information may result in liability, up to criminal liability. nine0016
  • Certificates indicating the financial condition of the guardian. In the case when a person has more than one source of income, information on all is required.
  • Standard statement of the competent authorities to which the person holding guardianship expresses his desire.
  • Written consent is required under the condition that the parents have rights to the child.
  • Pension certificate. Required for grandparents if they decide to become guardians of their grandson. nine0016
  • A document (certificate) certifying the fact that the person formalizing guardianship has no criminal record.

PROCEDURE AND NUANCES OF THE PROCEDURE

The state guardianship authorities are responsible for documenting guardianship in our country. A citizen who wants to take a child to himself must collect a complete package of these documents and together with him apply to the guardianship authorities at the place of residence. It is there that all the necessary checks will be carried out and the person will be able to obtain a legal document on guardianship. nine0003

Having received all the necessary documents, the guardianship authorities are obliged to form an independent commission of guardianship department employees at the candidate's place of residence. The final goal of the commission is to draw up a special. act. The commission is obliged to leave within three days at the place of residence of a person who is ready to become a guardian. On the fact of the actions performed, an act is drawn up on checking the living conditions in which the child will be.

If the commission makes a positive decision on this act, then the guardianship department inspector must verify the authenticity of all previously submitted documents. After 10 working days, employees of the guardianship department are required to notify the person who submitted the application about their decisions in writing. nine0003

If the issue is successfully resolved, a guardianship order is issued. This legal document will be valid for two years.

A child who has reached the age of 10 years at the time of legal guardianship has the right to make his own final decision on the appointment of a guardian. Obligatory only in case of full consent of the child is it possible to complete the guardianship procedure.

How do I get guardianship of a child, elderly or disabled person? nine0001

What is guardianship?

In Russia, citizens who need guardianship include minors, that is, children under 14, as well as persons recognized by the court as incompetent. We are talking about people who, due to a mental disorder, cannot understand the meaning of their actions or control them. This is stated by the Federal Law "On guardianship and guardianship". Based on the document, citizens appointed by the guardianship and guardianship authority "are the legal representatives of the wards, and perform on their behalf and in their interests all legally significant actions." nine0187

Guardianship is aimed at protecting the interests of the listed categories of citizens, as well as the very possibility of declaring a citizen incompetent in a judicial proceeding. This was also emphasized by the Constitutional Court in the framework of Resolution No. 15-P dated June 27, 2012 “On the case of checking the constitutionality of paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 29, paragraph 2 of Article 31 and Article 32 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation in connection with the complaint of citizen I.B. Business".

How is guardianship different from guardianship?

In addition to guardianship, there is also guardianship, under which adolescents aged 14 to 18 years old, as well as persons with limited legal capacity, can fall. Such people cannot be fully responsible for their actions. This category has more rights than minors and the incapacitated. For example, they can independently perform small household transactions and actions provided for by law (dispose of their own income, etc.). However, in other cases, they are obliged to assist the trustee.

It turns out that the guardian has more rights and obligations than the trustee, in connection with which he bears a great responsibility. nine0003

Who can become a guardian or custodian?

The main requirement for a candidate is full legal capacity. And since it comes from the age of 18, the guardian must be of age. The law also establishes a list of restrictions. Guardianship cannot be issued by persons:

  • deprived of parental rights;
  • having an unexpunged or outstanding conviction for an intentional crime against life or health;
  • who did not agree to become a guardian. nine0016

When it comes to guardianship of young children (under 14), additional restrictions are set. Future guardians must undergo special psychological, pedagogical and legal training, as well as prove that they are in a bisexual marriage. Those who have registered a same-sex marriage in the territory of another state will not be able to arrange guardianship.

Registration of custody of a child

This process is supervised by the guardianship and guardianship authorities. To find out all the details of the procedure, you must contact the district office. The state is interested in ensuring that children are not left unattended, are not placed in orphanages and boarding schools, and therefore, most likely, those who wish to arrange guardianship will be met halfway and will be helped in every possible way. nine0003

The candidate needs to write an application, collect documents confirming, among other things, the passage of special training, and in case of a positive answer, sign an agreement.

How can I get guardianship of an elderly incapacitated person?

The algorithm is the same as for children - the guardianship and guardianship authority will also deal with the issue of guardianship. However, there are also differences. Thus, custody of an elderly or adult person does not always involve the joint residence of the guardian and his ward. This issue is decided individually, but cohabitation, of course, is welcome. It is much easier for a guardian to fulfill his duties and provide supervision, especially when it comes to a pensioner who, most likely, has a sufficient number of health problems. nine0003

If cohabitation is intended, consent must be obtained from all family members of the guardian living in the same dwelling, including children aged 10 and over.

How to get paid guardianship?

There are two types of guardianship:

  • free of charge;
  • paid.

In the first case, nothing is paid to the guardian. Paid guardianship can have quite flexible conditions, which are fixed by the contract. In accordance with Article 16 of the Federal Law “On Custody and Custody”, remuneration can also be paid at the expense of third parties, from the income from the property of the ward (no more than 5% and only if he is already an adult), as well as from the budget . nine0003

Features of the legal status

The guardian has an unlimited range of powers - he represents the interests of the ward in any relationship, no matter what is discussed. Moreover, this rule applies even when registering custody of a minor with living parents. If the ward is a child, then the guardian acts as a father or mother. However, in some cases notification of guardianship authorities is required. They can also establish restrictions on the actions of the guardian or, conversely, oblige him to perform any actions. All this is recorded in the act on the appointment of a guardian or custodian, or in an agreement on the implementation of guardianship or guardianship. nine0003

What documents are required for registration of guardianship?
  1. Written statement of consent to the establishment of guardianship.
  2. Documents of the guardian: proof of identity, proof of income, no criminal record, state of health (medical certificate in the form established for persons wishing to obtain guardianship), marital status and the right to use the living quarters.

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