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Neonatal (Newborn) Seizures | Conditions

Critical Care Pediatric Brain Center

Overview
Causes
Signs & symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Where to get care
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Overview

A seizure is caused by sudden, abnormal and excessive electrical activity in the brain. By definition, neonatal seizures occur during the neonatal period — for a full-term infant, the first 28 days of life. Most occur in the first one to two days to the first week of a baby's life. Premature or low birth weight babies are more likely to suffer neonatal seizures.

Many of the visible signs of neonatal seizures — such as chewing motions and "bicycling" movements — also occur in healthy newborns. Therefore, testing is usually required to confirm the diagnosis.

The outcomes for babies who have neonatal seizures depend on the type of seizure and the underlying cause. Some neonatal seizures are mild and short-lived and therefore do not cause any lasting health problems. However, prolonged and untreated seizures can cause permanent damage due to decreased oxygen flow to the brain and excessive brain cell activity. Neonatal seizures are often symptoms of a more serious underlying condition, particularly brain injury. For this reason, babies experiencing neonatal seizures should receive rapid, specialized care.

About half of all babies who have neonatal seizures will develop epilepsy later in life. Those with seizures related to brain injuries or developmental abnormalities may have further complications, such as cerebral palsy, mental retardation and other neurological disorders. These conditions result from the underlying brain damage, not the seizure itself.

Causes

Neonatal seizures have a variety of causes. These include:

Lack of oxygen before or during birth due to placental abruption (premature detachment of the placenta from the uterus), a difficult or prolonged labor, or compression of the umbilical cord
Infection acquired before or after birth, such as bacterial meningitis, viral encephalitis, toxoplasmosis, syphilis or rubella
Stroke before or after birth
Blood clot in the brain
Bleeding in the brain
Brain birth defects
Blood sugar or electrolyte imbalances
Metabolic disorders such as maple syrup urine disease, pyridoxine dependency or phenylketonuria (PKU)
Drug withdrawal, which may affect babies born to mothers addicted to barbiturates, alcohol, heroin, cocaine or methadone

In rare cases, neonatal seizures are caused by a condition called benign familial neonatal seizures, also known as fifth-day convulsions or fifth-day fits. This condition is inherited, and the baby's mother or father will also have had the disorder. Many babies with benign familial neonatal seizures develop normally, although some may have developmental delays that are seen in early childhood.

Signs & symptoms

Neonatal seizures can be difficult to diagnose because the seizure may be short and subtle. In addition, symptoms of neonatal seizures may mimic normal movements and behaviors seen in healthy babies.

Symptoms depend on the type of seizure — subtle, clonic, tonic or myoclonic.

Symptoms of Subtle Seizures

Subtle seizures are more common among full-term babies. Symptoms of subtle seizures include:

Random or roving eye movements, eyelid blinking or fluttering, eyes rolling up, eye opening, staring
Sucking, smacking, chewing and protruding tongue
Unusual bicycling or pedalling movements of the legs
Thrashing or struggling movements
Long pauses in breathing (apnea)

Symptoms of Clonic Seizures

Rhythmic jerking movements that may involve the muscles of the face, tongue, arms, legs or other regions of the body

Symptoms of Tonic Seizures

Stiffening or tightening of the muscles
Turning the head or eyes to one side, or bending or stretching one or more arms or legs

Symptoms of Myoclonic Seizures

Quick, single jerking motions, involving one arm or leg or the whole body

Diagnosis

A test called an electroencephalogram (EEG) is essential for diagnosing and managing neonatal seizures. EEG records the electrical activity of the brain, and abnormalities on an EEG test (measured between seizures) can indicate a risk for seizures. However, babies with benign familial neonatal seizures usually have normal EEG readings.

Imaging tests of the brain, including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) scan, are also used to determine the cause of seizures.

Treatment

Prompt diagnosis and treatment of neonatal seizures is essential. Your baby's health care team will also work to identify and treat any underlying cause of the seizures.

To control the seizures, anticonvulsant medications may be prescribed, including phenobarbital, lorazepam and phenytoin. Your baby will be closely monitored at all times while receiving these medications.

Babies suffering from hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (not enough oxygen to the brain) may receive hypothermia treatment, which may reduce brain damage caused by the lack of oxygen. Hypothermic treatment involves cooling the baby's brain and body by a few degrees immediately after birth for several hours or days. Babies are closely monitored during treatment, and then slowly re-warmed to normal body temperature.

UCSF Benioff Children's Hospitals medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your child's doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your child's provider.

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Early detection of seizures in infants crucial to brain development

Forefront
Pediatrics

May 5, 2022

Written By Emily Doll, MD

Topics

Emily Doll MD
Pediatric Epilepsy
Pediatric Neurology
Neurology
Pediatrics

Call Us At 1-888-824-0200

When caring for a baby who is younger than 2 years old, you may focus on the usual development milestones like weight gain and head circumference. However, it may be worthwhile for pediatric specialists and parents to work together to identify if the baby has any neurological disorders.

About 100 per 100,000 infants will suffer seizures, which may be difficult to recognize, even as an expert or parent.

While it is difficult to recognize seizures in infants, early detection is important. Seizures are secondary to some other problem more often during infancy than at any other time of life.

This is a critical period of brain development, so the consequences are a lot more severe. If a baby’s brain can’t process information well they may lose a lot in terms of their ultimate development."

In turn, undiagnosed seizures can lead to future trouble concentrating, remembering and ability to learn. It can even be life-threatening.

About 100 per 100,000 infants will suffer seizures, which may be difficult to recognize, even as an expert or parent.

Some clues to various types of infantile seizures include:

Random and abrupt pause in activity with the eyes slightly gazing to the side
Arms or legs moving repeatedly and rhythmically and cannot be stopped
Repeated spasms
Sudden tonic posturing — the forearms are held flexed or extended for several seconds

Generalized convulsing is rarely seen in infants. Instead, focal seizures and epileptic spasms are more common. A spasm can be as subtle as upward eye deviation or brief stiffness in the baby’s back. More pronounced signs may include the baby’s arms coming up with a slight head nod and their eyes rolling up. While this type of movement may look like the baby is just startled, spasms may occur for five to ten seconds in a cluster for several minutes when the baby first wakes up or is going to sleep. The baby may appear calm or cry in between the spasms and they are likely to occur every day.

Parents who think they have seen these symptoms are encouraged to record the baby during a suspected seizure. However, if the caregiver is confident the baby has had any of these symptoms, it is important to see a specialist as soon as possible.

At the New Onset Seizure Clinic at the University of Chicago Medicine Comer’s Children Hospital, we have the skill, experience and technology to make a definitive epilepsy diagnosis and identify the appropriate treatment. Comer Children’s is a Level 4 Epilepsy Center. Our team of specialists may conduct a thorough evaluation using diagnostic testing that may be a combination of tactics from neuroimaging studies to video EEG (VEEG). An MRI can pinpoint structural abnormalities in the brain and an EEG can identify any abnormal activity. With a diagnosis, experts can create a treatment plan. Treatment may start with hormones for infantile spasms and medication for focal epilepsy. If medications do not work, the ketogenic diet or surgery for structural problems may be an option.

Emily Doll, MD

Emily Doll, MD, is a highly skilled pediatric neurologist who specializes in childhood epilepsy. Dr. Doll also diagnoses and treats children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

See Dr. Doll's profile

Our Level 4 Pediatric Epilepsy Center

At Comer Children's Hospital, we offer the skill, experience and technology to definitively diagnose childhood epilepsy. Our team of experts provides the highest level of medical and surgical care for complex epilepsy in children of all ages.

Childhood Epilepsy & Seizures

Request an Appointment

The information you provide will enable us to assist you as efficiently as possible. A representative will contact you within one to two business days to help you schedule an appointment.

You can also make an appointment with our providers by:

– Scheduling a virtual video visit to see a provider from the comfort of your home

– Requesting an online second opinion from our specialists

To speak to someone directly, please call 1-888-824-0200. If you have symptoms of an urgent nature, please call your doctor or go to the emergency room immediately.

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Useful articles

When a baby appears in the house, parents have to solve many issues related to his hygiene: how to wash, how to treat the skin, how to lubricate wrinkles, etc. A newborn needs special cosmetics, and not just children's. What kind of care products do the little ones need? Which manufacturers produce the best cosmetics for newborns? Let's figure it out

When a baby arrives in the house, parents have to solve many issues related to his hygiene: how to wash, how to treat the skin, how to lubricate wrinkles, etc. A newborn needs special cosmetics, and not just children's. What kind of care products do the little ones need? Which manufacturers produce the best cosmetics for newborns? Let's figure it out

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Publication date: 05/23/2019, views: 1588, minutes to read: 4

Why do babies need special products?

The skin of the baby is thin and sensitive, it often suffers from diaper rash and irritation. Her acid-base balance is about 7, and not 5.5 as in an adult - this also matters. In addition, due to the imperfection of the immune system, the baby's skin does not cope well with protecting against bacteria and fungi.

And finally, cosmetic ingredients penetrate the epidermis of the baby quite easily, and the metabolism of infants is very fast, and inappropriate substances can immediately cause allergies and other undesirable manifestations.

Therefore, products for the smallest should enhance the protective functions of the skin, be distinguished by a delicate, soft texture and hypoallergenicity. And in order for cosmetics for newborns to be safe, ingredients such as silicones, petroleum jelly, paraffin, mineral oils, parabens, dyes, SLS (sodium lauryl sulfate), PEG (polyethylene glycol) must be excluded from it.

Useful components of skin care products

Baby cosmetics use a variety of herbal extracts, including:

calendula - anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effect;

chamomile - soothes and softens the epidermis;

olive leaves - helps to increase the immune defense of the skin;

aloe - moisturizes and heals lesions;

lines - relieves irritation and redness.

Various oils are widely used by manufacturers of cosmetics for newborns:

sweet almond – moisturizes, removes peeling of the epidermis;

flax - has an anti-inflammatory effect, saturates tissues with omega fatty acids and vitamin E;

shea butter (shea butter) - helps to remove dermatitis and restore the acid-base balance of the skin;

sunflower - moisturizes the epidermis, saturates with vitamin E, promotes the regeneration of damaged tissues;

Siberian cedar - helps to cope with peeling, provides antioxidant protection.

What other ingredients can be included in cosmetics for babies:

panthenol (provitamin B5) - reduces itching and irritation, removes peeling;

beeswax - helps to heal lesions, protects the epidermis from moisture loss;

zinc oxide - has an antiseptic and antifungal effect, dries the weeping epidermis;

vitamin E - takes part in the protection of the skin from negative external factors;

vitamin A - helps to remove the dryness of the epidermis;

vegetable glycerin - helps retain moisture in tissues.

List of necessary cosmetics for newborns

Baby soap . Suitable for both bathing and changing diapers when needed. It is better to use a liquid product that is easy to squeeze out of the "spout". On a solid piece, contamination from the hands inevitably remains - this option is not very hygienic. Instead of one product for all occasions, you can purchase separate washing gel and cleanser.

Shampoos . Even if the newborn has fluff instead of hair, this type of cosmetics is included in the list of necessary products. The scalp is characterized by a large number of sweat and sebaceous glands, so it is better to wash it with a specialized product. Apply shampoo 1 time in 7-10 days.

Baby Cream or Body Milk . This product is needed for daily care: it is used after washing, and also, as needed, in separate areas several times a day. Manufacturers of cosmetics for newborns include various ingredients in this product so that parents can choose the appropriate option for solving an urgent problem: relieve irritation, soften dry skin, prevent inflammation, etc.

Diaper cream . It is needed for the treatment of the buttocks, groin, inner thighs. In these areas, diaper rash, rash, redness often occur. To combat them and prevent these phenomena, a special composition with zinc oxide is used (its properties have already been mentioned).

Baby wipes . They are necessary in cases where the baby is dirty, and there is no way to use water (for example, on a walk, in a clinic).

Powder . This is a product for drying the skin in the groin area, folds on the legs and arms. If they are constantly wet, bacteria and fungus develop there, diaper rash appears. The best version of this cosmetic for newborns is one that does not contain talc, but is made on the basis of starch and zinc oxide.

Child m aslo . Can be used in place of cream after bathing if baby's skin is very dry and flaky. In some babies, it dries up in the folds. Such areas should be lubricated 2-3 times a day.

Cotton buds . Sticks are useful for removing dirt around the ears, earwax, cleaning the nose and navel. Available on the market with oil impregnation, with a limiter, ultra-thin - these products are ideal for safe care. Recommended for use from the first days of life.

Mustela (France). It is distinguished by a careful study of the composition of each product, it can be safely used even for crumbs that appeared ahead of time. Mustela cosmetics for newborns includes several product lines: for irritated skin, for those suffering from atopic dermatitis, etc.

Bubchen (Germany) . Hypoallergenic products with a very delicate texture and pleasant floral scents. Cosmetics "Bübchen" for newborns is great for sensitive reactive skin.

Babystep (Germany) . German quality assurance at any stage. 100% control of finished products. High quality, natural and environmentally friendly products

Weleda (Germany) . The manufacturer of this cosmetics for newborns uses vegetable raw materials grown without artificial fertilizers and harvested by hand. This guarantees the absence of any unwanted additives in the plants, such as fuels and lubricants from harvesting equipment.

Little Siberica (Russia) . A distinctive feature of the brand is the use of extracts and oils of wild plants from Siberia and the Far East. Such ingredients give the skin a huge amount of nutrients.

Babyline . The concentration of each ingredient in these products is strictly controlled, so the products can be used even by allergy sufferers. Parents in the reviews of this cosmetics for newborns note its light texture, unobtrusive smell and economy in spending.

PIGEON (Japan) . Excellent moisturizing product. Vegetable oils in its composition create a protective film on the baby's skin that is permeable to air, but does not allow moisture to evaporate.

" N your mother ". This product contains no preservatives and has a fairly long shelf life. The fact is that cosmetics for newborns "Our Mom" are packaged in additionally disinfected bottles and tubes - they are processed in a bactericidal unit.

" Krya-Krya ". Products are rich in vitamins that support the protective barrier of baby's skin. And carefully selected oils preserve the natural acid-base balance of the epidermis. These products help the baby's skin stay healthy.

" MY SUNNY ". Liked by parents who need to effectively solve various children's problems. After all, this company offers special lines: for very delicate skin, for children who do not sleep well, etc.

Cosmetics for newborns of all brands from our top 10 - Mustela, Bubchen, Topfer, etc. - are widely represented in the Phytomarket Evalar catalog. Choose the means you need and enjoy life with your beloved baby!

TO CATALOG - BUY COSMETICS FOR NEWBORN

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Phyblog is not intended to provide diagnosis, treatment or medical advice. The information on this blog is provided for informational purposes only. Please consult your physician for any medical and health-related diagnoses and treatments. The information in Phytoblog should not be considered as a substitute for consultation with a doctor. Claims made about specific products on this blog are not endorsed for the treatment, diagnosis, or prevention of disease.

Newborn baby skin care [review of baby hygiene products and recommendations for mom]

Caring for the skin and mucous membranes of a newborn has its own characteristics. At the age of 1-2 months from birth, children's skin is very delicate and sensitive, and therefore requires special attention. To avoid inflammatory processes and other problems, it must be carefully looked after.

Care of the skin and mucous membranes of a newborn has its own characteristics. At the age of 1-2 months from birth, children's skin is very delicate and sensitive, and therefore requires special attention. To avoid inflammatory processes and other problems, it must be carefully looked after.

Baby skin care tips for mothers

In order to protect baby skin, parents need to follow the basic rules.

RULE 1: gentle cleansing. When choosing a product for baby skin care, give preference to hypoallergenic formulas that do not cause irritation - they are the most suitable.

Remember, hygienic care of the skin of a newborn baby should not be carried out using an excessive amount of cosmetics. It is recommended to use high quality cosmetics and only from a trusted manufacturer. It often makes sense to limit yourself to only soap or a special gel for very sensitive baby skin.

For example, LIPIKAR GEL LAVANT soothing shower gel is perfect for these purposes.

special baby oil to protect the baby's skin;

any remedy to moisturize and restore it. For example, a great option - milk for dry and very dry skin of babies LIPIKAR LAIT ;

and powder to remove excess moisture and reduce friction.

Treat the skin in this way regularly.

RULE 3: Carefully dirty diaper. Change your diaper regularly to avoid diaper rash, which can result from contact with stool and urine. Be sure to clean your skin with a damp cloth or towel soaked in warm water. Dry your skin thoroughly.

RULE 4: keep dry! Choose absorbent diapers that protect your skin from moisture as best as possible.

RULE 5: Say no to humidity. Avoid diapers that are too tight and synthetic pants that interfere with proper moisture wicking.

RULE 6: a touch of tenderness. After each diaper change, lubricate the newborn's skin with a regenerating cream that contains antibacterial ingredients. CICAPLAST BAUME B5 multi-restorative balm will perfectly cope with this task.

RULE 7: Wash your hands. Wash your hands thoroughly after changing a diaper.
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