Different types of c section

C-Section Scars: Types, Healing, Treatment, and More

If you’ve had a cesarean delivery, commonly called a C-section, or are preparing for one, perhaps you’re wondering how your scar will heal. There are many questions surrounding the aftermath of your cesarean section: How long does it take for a C-section scar to heal? What happens if your C-section scar or incision gets infected? How do you clean the C-section incision? Will it prevent future vaginal births? Read on to get the answers to all these questions and more.

What’s a C-Section and Why Might You Need One?

A cesarean section or a C-section is a surgical procedure in which a doctor delivers your baby through incisions made in your abdomen and uterus. This is opposed to delivering your baby in the traditional way, via a vaginal birth.

Your healthcare provider may plan for a cesarean section if they determine that a vaginal delivery isn’t safe for you. For example, your provider may schedule a C-section if you have a particular health concern, or you are carrying more than one baby, or if your baby’s position is sideways or breech (feet or bottom down).

Your provider might need to perform what’s known as an emergency cesarean section, which is an unplanned C-section. You might need an emergency C-section if any complications arise during labor and delivery, such as a stalled labor or issues with the umbilical cord.

Even if you know you’ll need a C-section, you can still prepare a birth plan to give to your healthcare provider. Download our birth plan guide below.

Types of C-Section Incisions

The look of your cesarean section scar will depend on the type of C-section incision you receive in your abdomen. There are three types of C-section incisions, all of which are healthy and safe:

Low transverse. This common option is also known as the “bikini incision” because the C-section cut curves horizontally across your bikini line (your lower abdomen). This cut is ideal because it causes the least amount of pain and gives your healthcare provider the best view of your lower uterus. A lower transverse C-section incision typically creates a strong scar that heals well.
Low vertical. This cut is similar to a transverse C-section incision, but the cut extends vertically down your lower abdomen rather than horizontally. This may be a good option if your baby is positioned feet first, bottom first, or sideways.
High vertical. This incision has the same shape as a low vertical cut, but it sits higher on your abdomen and across your stomach. This C-section incision is best for pre-term babies, those positioned sideways, or for emergency cesarean sections.

Many factors determine which type of C-section incision your healthcare provider will make, including

whether you have a planned or emergency cesarean section
whether you’ve had the surgery in the past
the size and position of your baby
the size and position of the placenta.

After the initial abdominal incision is made, you’ll also receive a uterine incision. So, you technically receive two incisions and C-section scars, but one is internal, and you won’t be able to see it.

What Do C-Section Scars Look Like?

Regardless of the type, most abdominal incisions are about six inches in length, creating a scar of the same size. The uterine incision is typically smaller. The majority of C-sections use the bikini incision (low transverse incision), which offers a cosmetic perk, in that the scar will usually stay hidden underneath your underwear or swimsuit.

Low vertical and high vertical C-section incisions are less common, but if you receive one, you’ll have a scar running vertically across your stomach or lower abdomen. Emergency C-sections will typically result in this type of scar.

Even if your abdominal incision is vertical, it’s likely that your uterine incision will be low transverse. Again, this cut provides better access to your lower uterus and usually forms a stronger scar.

C-Section Scar Healing Stages

It takes time for your body to recover from a cesarean section, and that includes the healing of your incision site and scar. Like all scars, yours will look less prominent over time. Give yourself grace, be patient, and know that time heals all wounds—in this case, literally!

After Giving Birth

Soon after delivering your baby, your healthcare provider will close your incisions, most likely using dissolvable stitches for your C-section uterine opening. To close the abdominal incision opening, dissolvable stitches are possible, but other materials could also be used, such as surgical staples, thread, or surgical glue.

As you recover from your cesarean section, you’ll stay in the hospital for about two to four days, likely being able to eat, drink, and walk around within 24 hours of your surgery. Keep in mind that you’ll probably feel some pain, especially around your C-section incision and scar.

The first several days after your cesarean section are crucial in terms of general recovery and scar healing. You’ll need to avoid sudden movements, but doing some light walking may help improve blood circulation and promote healing. You’ll want to rest and sleep effectively, so use pain medication as instructed by your healthcare provider.

Recovering at Home

If you received traditional stitches or surgical staples, the hospital will release you after removing them. For the next few weeks, the incision site and your scar will likely be sore, sensitive, and itchy, but there are a few things you can do at home to care for the incision and work toward having a healed C-section scar.

Follow these guidelines to help promote your C-section scar recovery and general well-being:

Take it easy. As your incision starts to heal, you’ll probably feel pain when moving or using your abdominal muscles. Take it easy but try to incorporate some light walking into your schedule to help your body recover. Ask friends, family, or your partner to help with heavy lifting and driving, and avoid sex for at least four to six weeks after surgery.
Don’t scratch. Chances are that itching will occur as your C-section scar heals. As much as you can, avoid scratching! Instead, apply lotion to soothe your skin, just as you may have done with your itchy body during pregnancy.
Wear loose clothing. Because your C-section scar may feel sensitive, you might want to wear loose clothing that won’t rub against your incision.
Use gauze. Bleeding and discharge can occur as your C-section incision heals, and wearing a piece of light gauze over your scar may help in the first weeks.
Keep the area clean and dry. Your healthcare provider may give you instructions on how to clean a C-section incision, but in general, you’ll want to shower or bathe as you usually do, being careful to dry the incision thoroughly with a clean towel.

Resuming Activities

After the first few weeks, your abdomen will likely start to feel better, but your C-section scar recovery will continue. At about four to six weeks post-surgery, you may still feel symptoms of your cesarean section, including

pain at the C-section incision site
bleeding or discharge at the incision site
redness and swelling around the incision
mild cramping (especially when breastfeeding)
pulling or twitching sensations
itchiness and burning.

At this point, you’ll probably feel very ready for your recovery to be done! Although you may still experience some symptoms, the good news is that between four and six weeks postpartum you can talk to your healthcare provider about resuming activities. You may be ready to have sex again or enjoy some light exercises, such as swimming and more brisk walking.

Checking in With Your Healthcare Provider

The latest recommendations on postpartum care involve checking in with your healthcare provider by phone, video chat, or in person within three weeks of giving birth, followed by a full, in-person examination within 12 weeks of giving birth.

During these visits, besides discussing your mood, energy levels, sleeping habits, and caring for your newborn, your provider will also examine your C-section scar to determine how your recovery is going. After six weeks, it’s possible to be fully healed, but everyone is different.

Infected C-Section Scar

An important part of C-section incision care is watching for signs of infection, as any surgical wound can become infected. Signs of complications with a cesarean section scar include

fever higher than 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit
painful urination or heavy vaginal discharge (lochia)
a visible tear in the incision
severe redness, heavy discharge, or a strong smell around the C-section incision site
severe abdominal pain.

If your C-section scar or incision site becomes infected, contact your healthcare provider, who will recommend appropriate treatment. Most likely, you’ll receive antibiotics; but if it’s a particularly advanced or deep infection, you may require additional surgery.

Other Cesarean Section Complications

A cesarean section is major surgery, so you may wonder about other complications developing besides infection. You’ll be happy to know that complications are generally rare.

Still, some women still ask themselves, How do I know if my C-section opened inside my abdomen? If you are troubled by this possibility, know that it is very rare for your uterine incision to open up! Be sure to reach out to your healthcare provider for reassurance and answers to any questions or concerns.

Other rare complications include hemorrhage, blood clotting, and injury to your bowel or bladder. Your provider will help you prepare and recover from a C-section, as well as taking all necessary precautions during the surgery, so rest assured that you’re in good hands. Just keep an eye on your incision site and report any of the aforementioned symptoms of infection to your provider.

C-Section Scar Treatments

No one loves a scar, but your cesarean section scar is a true badge of honor! Your body worked hard to nurture your little one inside that baby bump, and you have the literal scars to prove it. These will fade and become less noticeable over time. That said, some women wonder if it's possible to make a C-section scar look less visible with treatments.

All scars heal differently, and your C-section scar could develop into what’s called a keloid, which occurs when a lump of overgrown scar tissue appears above the skin, creating a hard ridge. Keloid scars can continue to grow and may spread. Or sometimes a C-section scar simply appears raised, which is known as a hypertrophic scar. Whether you have a typical scar, a keloid, or a hypertrophic scar, what can you do about it?

Talk to your healthcare provider about possible treatments and strategies for minimizing scars. Your provider might be able to help directly, or may refer you to a specialist, such as a dermatologist. These are some of the standard preventive strategies and treatments for scars:

Silicone treatments. Applying silicone ointment, gel, or a silicone gel sheet may help prevent C-section scars from forming in the first place.
Pressure therapy. Similarly, pressure therapy paired with massage can prevent a scar from forming—or decrease the size if one does form.
Dermabrasion. Often used for acne scars, dermabrasion smooths bumps on the skin by gently “sanding” it.
Injections. Medications such as corticosteroids may be injected directly into your skin to help flatten scars and reduce pain and itching.
Laser treatments. These treatments use a particular wavelength to target blood vessels in the skin and help make scars less noticeable.
Surgery. Some scars can be removed or reduced in size with surgery. The surgeon can also place a skin graft at the site of an old scar to promote healthy skin.

Consult your healthcare provider if you’re interested in any of these treatments during your C-section scar recovery process.

Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section (VBAC)

After having a cesarean section, you may wonder how it will impact future childbirth. Although medical experts once believed that women who had cesarean sections must always have them in future births, today it’s possible to attempt a vaginal birth after a C-section, which is known as a trial of labor after cesarean (TOLAC).

Many women are successful with TOLAC and end up having a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC). In fact, between 60 and 80 percent of women have healthy vaginal births despite having had a previous C-section.

The major risk of a VBAC is that, while pushing, your previous uterine incision may open, known as a uterine rupture. If this happens, your healthcare provider will assess the situation and determine if an emergency C-section is needed.

If you had a C-section with a previous birth and want to try a TOLAC for your next one, talk to your healthcare provider. Your provider can help you decide if it’s a good choice for you, taking into consideration factors like where your C-section scars are located, medical conditions, and the hospital you prefer, to name a few.

The Bottom Line

Cesarean sections come with a lot of follow-up questions, and we hope this guide helps you understand C-section incisions and scars! All in all, the type of incision you’ll receive depends on what’s best for you and your baby at the time of birth. Rest assured that your healthcare provider will do everything possible to minimize pain and scarring, as well as keeping you and your baby safe.

With a thorough and healthy C-section scar recovery routine, you’ll most likely heal well, avoid an infected incision, and be able to resume some normal activities after about four to six weeks. Although you might experience some pain, itching, and twitching sensations on your C-section scar, know that those symptoms are just temporary.

You’ve pulled off a little miracle and have the scars to prove it! But if you want to minimize a C-section scar, consult your healthcare provider about some common treatments and prevention methods, such as silicone treatments, pressure therapy, or dermabrasion.

Learn more about what happens postpartum and start earning rewards on all those future diaper changes with our Pampers Club app!

Caesarean section - Better Health Channel

What is a caesarean section?

A caesarean section (c-section or ‘caesarean’) is a surgical procedure in which a baby is born through an incision (cut) made in the mother’s abdominal wall and the wall of the uterus (womb). Your baby will need to be born by caesarean section if there are problems that prevent the baby being born by a normal vaginal birth.

A caesarean section may be planned (elective) if there are signs that a vaginal birth is risky, or unplanned (emergency) if there are problems during labour.

If you have no serious problems with your pregnancy or labour, a vaginal birth is usually the safest way for your baby to be born. Most women have vaginal births (about 2 in every 3 births).

You have a right to be involved in and to make decisions about your care. A caesarean can only be performed if you give your written permission. Your partner or next of kin can give written permission if you are not able to.

Reasons for a planned caesarean section

There are several reasons why you and your obstetrician may decide on a planned (elective) caesarean birth.

These include:

You have previously had a caesarean section.
Your baby is positioned bottom or feet first (breech) and can’t be turned.
Your cervix (opening to the womb) is blocked by the placenta (this is known as placenta previa).
Your baby is lying sideways (transverse) and is not able to be turned by the doctor.
You have a twin pregnancy, with your first baby positioned bottom or feet first.
You are having 3 or more babies.

Not all women have or need to have caesareans in these circumstances. The decision will be based on a combination of your particular situation and, in some cases, your preferences.

Reasons for an unplanned caesarean section

Some of the reasons for an unplanned (emergency) caesarean birth include:

Your baby's head does not move down or ‘fit’ through your pelvis during labour.
Your labour does not progress – your contractions are not strong enough and your cervix opens too slowly or not at all.
Your baby shows signs of distress or their health is being compromised.
The umbilical cord, which provides important nutrients and oxygenated blood to your baby, has fallen down (prolapsed) through the cervix and into the vagina after your waters have broken.
A health problem, such as high blood pressure, is making labour riskier for you and your baby.

Things to consider before having a caesarean section

Before you have a caesarean section, talk to your doctor or obstetrician about:

your general health, including any health problems, as some things may affect your doctor’s decisions about surgery and anaesthetics
possible risks and complications
any bleeding problems and whether you bruise easily
any allergies you may have or any medication you are taking
tests you need to have – these include blood tests to check if you are anaemic and to find out your blood type to make sure there is some blood available in case you need it during or after the caesarean section.

Some hospitals are providing ‘enhanced recovery’ strategies for planned caesarean (called ERAC or ERAS) to help women manage their pain better, eat and drink earlier, move around earlier, care for their baby more readily and go home earlier. You will be informed at the time of booking the caesarean if your hospital is providing this type of care.

Anaesthetic for a caesarean section

There are 3 types of anaesthetic you may be given so that you do not feel any pain during your operation: They include:

Spinal anaesthetic – the most common anaesthetic for a planned caesarean. A needle will be inserted between the bones in your spine and local anaesthetic will be injected though the needle. This will block the pain from your chest downwards. You will be awake and able to breathe normally. As your baby is being born, you may feel tugging and pulling sensations, but no pain. In some cases, a pain-killing medicine (morphine) is given at the same time as the spinal. This can last for the next 24 hours and helps with your recovery as you are less drowsy and able to eat, drink and walk around earlier. Ask your doctor if this is offered at your hospital.
Epidural anaesthetic – often used to lessen the pain of labour. If you have already been given an epidural during labour, and it is working well, the epidural can be topped up for an emergency caesarean. The epidural is a plastic tube that will be inserted into a space around the lining of your spine. Local anaesthetic will be injected through the tube, which will block any pain sensation from your waist down. You will be awake and able to breathe normally. As your baby is being born, you may feel tugging and pulling sensations, but no pain.
A general anaesthetic may also be given if your baby needs to be born very quickly. You will breathe oxygen through a mask and you will be given medicine through a drip, which will make you drowsy and put you to sleep. You will sleep through your baby’s birth.

The Royal Women’s Hospital (The Women’s) has a fact sheet called Regional anaesthesia (spinal or epidural) for caesarean section which compares the types of anaesthetics used for a caesarean section.

Types of caesarean sections

Caesarean sections differ in terms of where the cuts (incisions) are made to the uterus. After your caesarean, ask the obstetrician what kinds of cuts were made. This will be useful information when you are making decisions about future births.

The 2 types of cuts that can be used when you have a caesarean section are:

A lower segment incision – will be used wherever possible. This is a horizontal (across) cut through the abdomen (stomach) and a horizontal cut through the lower part of the uterus, sometimes known as a ‘bikini line’ incision. These cuts heal better, are less visible and are less likely to cause problems in future pregnancies.
A classical incision – refers to a vertical cut on the uterus. The cut on the abdomen may be horizontal or vertical. This type of incision is usually only used for extreme emergencies or in specific situations, such as if the placenta is lying very low, if your baby is lying sideways or if your baby is very small. It can increase the chance of having problems in later pregnancies and births.

Preparing for a caesarean section

To prepare for your caesarean section:

You will need to fast. That means no food or drink, including water, for up to 6 hours before a planned caesarean. In some cases, you can drink clear fluids up until 2 hours before your admission. Your doctor will advise you about fasting times required for your operation.
If you are having an emergency caesarean, the doctor will ask you when you last had any food or drink so they know how to proceed with your operation.
You will have blood tests taken.
You may have a support person with you, unless there are serious complications or you need a general anaesthetic. It is generally possible for someone to take photos of your baby being born, so ask your support person to bring a camera if they have one.
Don’t be afraid to ask questions or to tell the doctors or midwives if you are feeling worried.
If you have any special preferences, talk to your doctor or midwife beforehand, so they can try to support your choices. Some doctors – offer ‘maternal assisted’ caesareans so that you can be directly involved in the birth of your baby. Ask your doctor if they offer this option.
If the doctor believes you are at increased risk of blood clots, you may be measured for compression stockings to wear during the operation.
The theatre team will clean your abdomen with antiseptic and cover it with sterile cloths to reduce the risk of infection. In many hospitals, the hair around the area to be cut is shaved so that it is easier to clean. You will have a catheter (plastic tube) inserted into your bladder so that it remains empty during the operation.

During a caesarean section

The actual operation usually takes between 30 and 60 minutes. It will involve:

The doctor will make a cut in your abdomen and your uterus (both about 10 cm long).
Your baby will be lifted out through the cut. Sometimes the doctor may use forceps to help lift out your baby’s head.
Your baby will be carefully checked.
You will be able to hold your baby soon afterwards. Skin-to-skin contact can strengthen your early bond with your baby and make breastfeeding easier.
If you cannot hold your baby in the operating theatre, your support person will most likely be able to hold your baby instead.
The umbilical cord will be cut and your placenta removed.
An injection will usually be given to make your uterus contract and to minimise bleeding.
Antibiotics will be given to reduce the risk of infection.
The layers of muscle, fat and skin will be stitched back together and a dressing will be applied over the wound.

After a caesarean section

A number of things will occur after you have a caesarean section, including:

You will be cared for in the recovery room until you are ready to go to the ward.
If you have had a general anaesthetic, you will most likely wake up in the recovery room. You should be able to see your baby once you are awake.
You will be encouraged to breastfeed. The earlier you start to breastfeed, the easier it is likely to be for both you and your baby. Having a caesarean section can make breastfeeding harder to start, so ask for all the support you need. Breastfeeding is the best possible food to help your baby grow healthy and strong, and the midwives are there to help you. Some hospitals encourage women to breastfeed their baby in the recovery room if there is a midwife to assist.
Tell your midwife or GP (doctor) when you are feeling pain so they can give you something to ease it. Pain-relieving medication may make you a little drowsy.
You may have a drip for the first 24 hours or so, until you have recovered from the anaesthetic.
You can start to drink as soon as you feel able.
The midwife or doctor will tell you when you can eat again. In some cases, early eating and drinking is encouraged and chewing gum is offered to help with your appetite.
Your catheter will stay in until the anaesthetic has worn off and you have normal sensation in your legs to walk safely to the toilet. This may not be until the next day.
Walking around can help with recovery. It can also stop blood clots and swelling in your legs. A midwife will help you the first time you get out of bed.
You may also have an injection to stop blood clots.
You may need antibiotics after the operation.
You may have trouble with bowel movements for a short time after the operation. It should help to drink plenty of water and eat high-fibre food. The doctor or midwife can give you more advice.
When your dressing is taken off, you will be instructed to keep the wound clean and dry. This will help it to heal faster and reduce the risk of infection.

Special care for your baby after a caesarean section

Some babies born by caesarean are more likely to have breathing problems and be admitted to the special care nursery for a period of time (although they are usually ready to go home when you are). If you have no complications that mean your baby needs to be born early, a planned caesarean should be carried out around 39 weeks of pregnancy. If your baby does need to be born earlier, your doctor may recommend that you have an injection to reduce the risk of breathing problems (steroids).

If your baby is premature or unwell, they may also need to go to the special care nursery. Your partner or support person can usually go with the baby. When you are well enough, and as soon as it is possible, the midwife or nurse will help you to see your baby. The midwives or nurses can help you with expressing breastmilk for your baby.

Risks and complications of a caesarean section

In Australia, a caesarean section is a common and relatively safe surgical procedure, but it is still major surgery. As with all surgical procedures, there are risks for both you and your baby.

Some of the more common risks and complications include:

above-average blood loss
blood clots in the legs
infection in the lining of the uterus
a longer stay in hospital (3 to 5 days, or 72 to 120 hours, on average)
pain around the wound (you will be given pain relief)
problems with future attempts at vaginal birth
a need for a caesarean section for future births
complications from the anaesthetic.

Some women develop serious problems after a caesarean section. You should always talk with your midwife or doctor about any problems you are experiencing, so they can assess whether or not it is serious and provide you with the treatment you need.

Some problems you should look out for include:

pain in your abdomen or wound that is getting worse and that doesn’t go away after you take pain-relieving medication
ongoing or new back pain, especially where you had the epidural or spinal injection (muscular aches and pains are normal)
pain or burning when you pass urine or inability to pass urine
leaking urine
constipation
inability to pass wind or bowel motions
increased vaginal blood loss or bad-smelling discharge from the vagina
coughing or shortness of breath
swelling or pain in your calf (lower leg)
wound edges pulling apart or looking infected.

First 6 weeks after a caesarean section

After a caesarean section, women usually stay in hospital between 2 to 5 days. This can vary between hospitals or if there are problems with your recovery. Postnatal care in the home by a midwife is available to all women who birth in a public hospital. Some hospitals have a ‘hospital in the home’ option for women who have a planned caesarean and who go home early (the day after the birth). Ask the nurse or midwife about what your hospital offers.

Tips to help with recovery in the first 6 weeks include:

Get as much rest as you can.
Ask family or friends to help or organise paid help if you can afford it. One way that family and friends can help is by preparing meals that can be frozen and heated up – this is more useful than giving flowers. If you feel you need extra support at home, talk with the doctor or midwife, or maternal and child health nurse.
Do not lift any weight that is heavier than your baby. Be careful of your back when you lift and don’t lift anything that causes you pain.
Take a gentle walk every day. This can have physical and emotional health benefits.
Do your pelvic floor exercises. Regardless of the type of birth you have had, your lower abdominal muscles and pelvic floor muscles will have weakened after pregnancy, and need strengthening. Your hospital physiotherapist can teach you how to do pelvic floor exercises, or you can find out more from The Women’s website factsheets ‘Improving your recovery after birth’ and ‘Pelvic floor exercises’ .
Eat a healthy, high-fibre diet and drink plenty of water. Do this every day to avoid constipation.
Use warmth on your wound. Warmth can have a soothing effect. Try a wheat bag or hot water bottle.
In accordance with your midwife’s or your doctor’s instructions, take pain-relieving medication regularly to begin with to prevent pain. If you are breastfeeding, check that any medication you are using is safe for your baby too.
Keep your wound clean and dry. Look for signs of infection (such as redness, pain, swelling of the wound or bad-smelling discharge). Report these to your doctor or midwife.
While some women like loose clothing, many prefer firm, high-waisted compression underwear or control briefs to offer abdominal support. This can reduce pain and be worn for comfort for the first 6 weeks.
Avoid sex until you feel comfortable. It is quite normal to for it to take weeks, even months, before you are ready to have sex.
Numbness or itching around the scar is normal. This can last a long time for some women.
Join a new mothers’ group. Talking with other mums who have had a similar experience to you can be very helpful.

Some women feel very positive about having a caesarean section, while others feel disappointed or sad. It can be very helpful to talk through any feelings of disappointment with your partner, family, friends and carers. The nurse or midwife can also refer you for counselling if you are feeling very low.

Looking after a new baby is hard for all women, but it can be harder when you are recovering from a caesarean. Be kind to yourself. It may take a few weeks or even longer to recover, particularly if you have had complications.

Avoid driving a car until your wound has healed (usually about 6 weeks). Talk with your doctor about when they think would be a safe time to start driving again.

You can get advice on improving your recovery after a caesarean section from The Women’s physiotherapy information and fact sheets ‘Improving your recovery after birth – Physiotherapy advice’ and ‘Your health after birth – exercise’.

Long-term health outlook after a caesarean section

It is unlikely that you will have the same problem again with future pregnancies or births. However, the fact that you have had a caesarean section can cause different problems for future pregnancies or births.

If you become pregnant again, you will need to talk to your doctor about whether your next birth will be a caesarean or a vaginal birth.

Vaginal birth after caesarean section

Many women who have previously had a caesarean section can safely give birth vaginally. This is commonly referred to as 'vaginal birth after caesarean section' or VBAC.

The benefits of VBAC are:

lower risk of developing complications than with repeat elective caesarean section
avoiding other risks associated with surgical procedures (such as infections, deep vein thrombosis, increased blood loss)
faster recovery
generally less risk for the baby (for example, there is a decreased risk of your baby being admitted to a special care nursery for respiratory problems).

One of the risks associated with VBAC is rupture of the uterine scar. About one in every 200 VBACs attempted results in rupture of the uterine scar. For those women who do have a uterine rupture, there is an increased risk of hysterectomy and stillbirth.

If you have had a previous caesarean section, to make an informed decision, it is recommended that you:

read the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RANZCOG) patient information pamphlet ‘Vaginal birth after caesarean section’
discuss and clarify the information with your doctor or midwife, and ask what types of care and support your hospital offers for women choosing VBAC.

Where to get help

Your GP (doctor)
Obstetrician
Midwife
Maternal and child health nurse
Parentline Victoria Tel. 13 22 89
NURSE-ON-CALL (24 hours, 7 days) Tel. 1300 60 60 24 – for expert health information and advice
Your local health service or hospital
PANDA (Perinatal Anxiety and Depression Australia) National Helpline Tel. 1300 726 306, Monday to Friday, 10 am to 5 pm AEST.

Profile, Steel C-Profile, Pipes

Steel C-Profile is a versatile product, available in different sizes and thicknesses. Its cross section is shaped like a "C", with a straight back and two perpendicular extensions, top and bottom. Some types of C-profiles ("C Purlin") have inward-facing edges running to the end of the extensions, parallel to the rear, giving the structure greater rigidity, similar to a rectangular tube. Other types of this profile (“Unistrut”) have holes or perforations for drilling, while others have a small comb attached to the back to give even more rigidity. nine0005

Compared to other steel building products such as I-beams, C-section steel is lighter and somewhat more flexible, but has less torsional strength, which, in certain circumstances, increases the likelihood of twisting. It is stiffer than flat steel and, in the longitudinal direction, somewhat stiffer than a corner profile of equivalent thickness.

Steel C-profile has many applications, mainly in construction. Below are some examples:

WALLS

Steel C-Profile is often used in the construction of garages, warehouses, workshops and other metal structures, similar to the beams in traditional wooden frames. Crossbars run vertically, from the bottom plane of the wall to the top, and carry the vertical load of the building. Compared to a wooden beam, a steel C-profile can carry much more weight and is much stronger, while weighing slightly more. Of course, a steel C-profile is more difficult to install, since instead of simply driving in nails, it is necessary to weld, screw or riveted. nine0005

FRAME HOUSE WALLS, WITH POSTS

Steel C-profile can be used in the construction of walls of frame houses, with posts, by laying it horizontally from stud to stud to provide a point of attachment outside the cladding, which is often metal sheets. It can also be installed on the inside to support drywall or other interior wall cladding. By using a steel C-profile instead of wood battens or other products, the distance between the posts can be increased without compromising the integrity of the walls. By increasing the spacing between the studs, the wood can easily warp, making the lined wall ripple or uneven and reducing its stiffness and load-bearing capacity. nine0005

ROOFING

On light roofs, a steel C-profile can be used as a rafter running from the roof eaves to the ridge, supporting the roofing. By using a steel C-profile instead of wood, the rafters, being lighter and smaller, will be able to support the same weight. Compared with wood, steel C-profile is stronger and more durable, and is not damaged by rot, mold caused by fungus or moisture. I-shaped beams are often used as rafters and ridges on heavy roofs, a steel C-shaped profile is placed perpendicularly, above the rafters, every meter, from top to bottom - from the ridge to the eaves. This allows the steel C-profile to fill the gaps between the rafters, allowing more spacing between them, and provides an anchor point for the steel deck. nine0005

WINDOW AND DOOR FRAMES

Steel C-profile can be used to create secure window and door frames in metal as well as timber frame buildings. Four profiles are cut with slanted joints at each end, and the C-profile is passed into the window or door opening, over the wall, leaving a flat surface in it for securing the door or window, providing greater security than frames made of wood. Steel C-profile is often used in the manufacture of frames for commercial fire doors, as well as for basement doors.

WOODEN BEAM SUPPORTS

When a timber frame structure needs to be particularly strong, a steel C-profile can be used to increase rigidity. Beams can be placed in a large steel C-profile for added strength without losing the ability to easily attach various elements to them. Alternatively, a smaller steel C-profile supported by braces can be placed at the bottom of the beam to increase the strength of the existing beam when refurbishing. It can also be placed at the top of the beam to provide additional strength during house construction. nine0005

VEHICLE CASES

Steel C-profile is often used in vehicle frames and is usually specially designed for this function. A heavy steel C-profile is typically used to create the main frame rails, from the front of the vehicle to the rear. The lighter steel C-profile can be used to create cross members, brackets, or structural members such as radiator supports. The steel C-profile provides enough strength and rigidity to prevent excessive flexing of the vehicle while allowing for a little bit of movement to offset the torque generated by the engine. nine0005

TRAILERS

Steel C-profile is often used in the construction of trailers, including: flat trailers, flatbed trailers and even motorhomes and recreational vehicles. A heavy steel C-profile can be used to make the main frame rails and drawbar where the trailer connects to the tractor. It can also be used as floor beams, perpendicular to frame rails, to build floor structures, and to create the outer edges of a trailer. Then a wooden or metal flooring is attached to the beams to finish the trailer flooring. A steel C-profile can also be used to create load-securing rails or as struts to create walls and roofs for a closed, ie flatbed trailer or motorhome. nine0005

METAL STRUCTURES

Steel C-profile is often used with I-beams and other metal products in commercial and industrial structures such as warehouses. They can serve as girders, braces, beams, or other structural elements that do not require the added strength of I-beams. Often fixed by welding, screwing, or riveting, it provides remarkable strength and rigidity for its weight. nine0005

The steel C-profile can also be used in many other applications such as railings, stair stringers, bridge trusses or guardrails. It is a versatile product - durable, lightweight and relatively easy to maintain.

Classification, application and production of T-profile

T-shaped metal profile - a structural material made of sheet or rolled products. Structural and alloyed steel, non-ferrous metals are used in production. The cross section resembles the letter "T", a distinctive feature of such a metal profile is the equal length of the shelves. nine0005

A bent profile should not be confused with a brand. The first is made on bending machines, its main difference is the double base of the T-shaped section.

T-profile

Types of metal T-profile

According to the shape of the cross section, a profile is distinguished with a length of the vertical part greater or less than the dimensions of the horizontal arms.

The length of the vertical part is greater than the dimensions of the horizontal arms The length of the vertical part is less than the dimensions of the horizontal arms nine0005

According to the material used in production, steel, aluminum T-shaped profiles, as well as products from other non-ferrous metals and stainless steel are distinguished.

According to the type of decorative or protective coating, materials are distinguished:

Galvanized.
Galvanized and painted profile.
Zinc aluminum coated.
Aluzinc painted material.

The dimensions of the shelves and vertical rack are indicated in the designation in mm, for example, 65x40. The marking also contains the letter "T", the name of the material with an indication of the thickness and the symbol of the anti-corrosion or decorative coating.

Application

The T-shaped profile is used in the production of various products, as well as as load-bearing structures for greenhouses and other buildings.

Material used:

In steel structures. The cross-sectional configuration provides resistance to high loads. The material is used in the construction of frames for greenhouses, gazebos and other structures.
In the device of cable networks. From the profile, fixing elements are made for cable trays and other elements of networks.
In the manufacture of furniture. The metal T-profile is used as reinforcing, load-bearing and fastening elements in the manufacture of furniture products. nine0072
In the production of frames for ventilated facades of buildings and structures. The profile does not load load-bearing walls and provides reliable fixation of insulation and finishing panels.

T-profile application

The material is used in the manufacture of many types of products and construction. The bent profile is universal, it is used in the production of many types of products and load-bearing structures.

Benefits of T-profile

The main advantage of the T-profile made of steel and non-ferrous metals is high strength with low weight. The material well withstands significant loads on twisting, tearing, bending, multidirectional impacts.

View of the T-profile

Material use:

Reduces the weight of mounting and support structures.
Simplifies loading, unloading, transportation.

Due to galvanization, aluminum-zinc or paint coating, the T-shaped metal profile is resistant to corrosion. The use of the material can significantly reduce the cost of construction and production of products due to low weight and the ability to withstand high loads without deformation.

Production technology

The production of a T-shaped profile is carried out on profiling machines by rolling through a system of rollers. The material is stainless steel sheet or rolled steel or galvanized structural steel. As a coating, paints and varnishes or an alloy of zinc and aluminum can be used. nine0005

When used in the production of rolled products, the following are also used:

metal unwinders;
pneumatic guillotine shears.

The production of a T-profile is easily automated. If necessary, automatic control units can be installed on profiling machines, synchronizing the supply of rolled metal.

T-profile on MOBIPROF profile bending machines

The MOBIPROF company produces machines for the manufacture of a T-shaped profile. The equipment is a system of rolling rollers rigidly fixed on the frame. The drive is an electric motor with a control unit. Optionally, it is proposed to install a frequency converter for direct control of the feed and processing speed, reduce power consumption and an automatic control unit. The latter allows you to set the operating modes of the production line and has a memory for 10 different programs. nine0005

The line for the production of T-shaped profiles also includes roll unwinders.

Profile machine "MOBIPROF"

Working tool - rollers made of hardened tool steel. Rolled metal, passing through the rollers, is deformed and takes the form of the letter "T". Setting up the equipment for the production of a T-shape profile is carried out by changing the vertical gauge transitions by tightening or loosening the screws. nine0005

Roll forming machines choose:

By profile thickness. MOBIPROF equipment is designed for thin metal 0. 5 - 1.5 mm.
Productivity. The speed of manufacturing a T-shaped profile is up to 10 m of rolled products per minute.
Permissible roll width. For MOBIPROF profiling machines, it is up to 200 mm.

The equipment is suitable for the production of rolled ferrous and non-ferrous metals. Thanks to additional gears and side rollers, the quality of processing is significantly improved. A drive with a frequency converter or a mechanical transmission allows you to adjust the feed rate of the rolled product. nine0005

The production line also contains cantilever metal roll unwinders. With profiling machines "MOBIPROF" equipment KR-2.0 or KR-2.0-ACS is used. Unwinders are designed for rolls up to 350 mm wide and weighing up to 2 tons, which meets the technical capabilities of roll forming machines, which are supplied with unwound rolled metal.

Console unwinder "MOBIPROF"

An ACS unit can be installed on the drive equipment to synchronize the technological process of profile production. The decoilers are equipped with an automatic roll centering system, which eliminates rolled product distortion during line operation. nine0005

For cutting profiled metal, pneumatic shaped guillotines of a flying or stationary cut are used. The equipment cuts the T-profile to the specified size without damaging the workpiece.

The technological process is carried out in the following sequence:

A roll of rolled metal is installed on the cantilever decoiler.
Thread the end of the coil into a pre-set profiling machine. nine0072
Start the line.

Rolled metal from the unwinder is fed to the machine for the production of profiles. Passing through the rollers, the metal acquires a T-shape and is cut by a guillotine with a pneumatic drive. Next, the finished profile is sent to the receiving device.

T-profile production line: Decoiler > Profile machine

The production of bent metal profiles is a profitable business, such products are readily bought by manufacturers of facade systems, furniture and other goods, and construction organizations.

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