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Can you be born with eczema


Eczema in early life: Genetics, the skin barrier, and lessons learned from birth cohort studies

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90,000 is useful to know about eczema (EKSEM)

It is useful to know about eczema ( EKSEM)

Useful information about the Eczema - the information sheet of the Norwegian Union of Astmatics and Allergies

What is eczema?

Eczema is a general name for various skin diseases accompanied by itching. The most common forms of eczema are atopic, occupational (contact), seborrheic, and childhood. Atopy means "difference". In this case, it refers to differences in skin properties and describes hereditary allergic eczema. nine0010

Eczema may be chronic ie. with a prolonged, or acute form of the course of the disease and in most cases is characterized by improvement in the summer and deterioration in winter. The chronic form is characterized by the appearance of a rash with itching. The result of scratching is often the formation of thickened areas of the skin that crack easily. Acute eczema is characterized by itching, redness and swelling of the skin with the possible formation of watery blisters.

In eczema, there is a deterioration in the body's defense against infections, which easily leads to infectious inflammation, which can lead to a worsening of eczema.

Symptoms of eczema

Atopic eczema results in itchy, dry skin.

New or recurrent contact eczema is characterized by itching, redness and swelling of the skin with the formation of small and large blisters, as well as wet sores in places of direct exposure to the allergen. With prolonged contact eczema, the skin becomes increasingly dry and cracked. Severe itching is common. In the initial stage, eczema is observed only on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe skin that was exposed to the allergen, but then the rash can spread to other areas. nine0010

With seborrheic eczema in infants, there is the formation of areas with oily, red skin, covered with oily crusts, on the forehead, head, face, as well as in the folds of the skin on the neck and in the perineum. In adults, it appears as scaly, red, oily skin on the central areas of the face, on the head, behind the ears, and on the chest.

Baby eczema is accompanied by the formation of red, smooth, sometimes wet areas of the skin in diaper wear areas. nine0010

Who can get eczema?

Atopic eczema primarily affects young children. It is estimated that about 15% of Norwegian children suffer from eczema. Often the disease occurs in children in the first months of life, in 60% of them it disappears by the age of four. However, recurrence of the disease may occur in adolescence or adulthood.

Contact eczema is uncommon in young children, but it has become more common since school age. Ear piercings, body piercings and base metal contact with the skin are responsible for a significant increase in nickel contact allergies. Getting a tattoo can lead to allergic contact eczema, which can occur weeks or even months after getting a tattoo. Hair coloring is also an increasingly common cause of eczema, especially as more and more young people dye their hair. nine0010

Seborrheic eczema is relatively common. Eczema can appear as early as the first months of life, but usually occurs in adults.

Causes of eczema

The cause of atopic eczema is unknown. Allergies can play a role, but only in conjunction with other factors. The disease has a connection with heredity and the environment. The presence of atopic diseases in other family members (asthma, eczema or allergic rhinitis) is common. In 20-30% of patients, allergies can be detected, which for some of them may be the cause of eczema. Food allergies are never the only cause of eczema. nine0010

Seborrheic eczema is not caused by hypersensitivity, but by a painful reaction in the sebaceous glands, possibly caused by a specific yeast usually found on the surface of the skin. This form of eczema is especially prone to people with oily skin and increased productivity of the sebaceous glands.

Contact eczema occurs when the skin reacts to contact with certain substances. The reaction may be allergic or non-allergic. A non-allergic reaction occurs in direct contact with skin irritating substances such as detergents or disinfectants. An allergic reaction is caused by allergenic substances such as nickel, chromium, rubber, formaldehyde and perfumes. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) is one of the substances frequently associated with allergic contact eczema. PPD is found in many types of hair dye. nine0010

Childhood eczema is caused by irritants found in urine and feces.

Treatment of eczema

In the treatment of eczema, hygiene, the systematic use of creams and ointments to prevent drying of the skin, refraining from scratching, reducing exposure to irritants, and refraining from eating foods known to be allergic, are the most important. Sunlight and salt baths work well for mild to moderate eczema. Regular bathing with calcium permanganates gives a good preventive effect. nine0010

However, in most cases a cortisone ointment is necessary. The indicated treatment will give the desired result, provided that the correct drug is applied to the appropriate area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe body at the prescribed frequency. Once control of eczema is established, it is important to reduce the concentration of cortisone ointment, and, if necessary, increase the intervals between applications of the ointment. Proper use of cortisone ointment does not lead to negative effects. The attending physician will give you the necessary recommendations for the use and reduction of the concentration of the drug. nine0010

In general terms, we can say that it is necessary to use strong drugs for a sufficiently long period of time. By opting for weaker drugs, you will not be able to get eczema under control. In this case, the whole process of cortisone treatment may be in vain. Often this leads to increased eczema. It is important to remember that the bad effect of cortisone ointment is due to infection in the eczema itself, which should be treated with antibiotics, both locally and in general. nine0010

In the event of a new flare-up of eczema in a child with a history of the condition, treatment may be initiated with cortisone group 2 or 3. Once the condition has stabilized, the application may be made less frequently (at intervals of 2-3 days). With further improvement in the condition, you can switch to a weaker ointment in order to eventually switch to applying the drug with an interval of 2-3 days.

After healing of eczema, it is recommended to continue applying the drug 1-2 times a week for at least 2-4 weeks, in order to achieve the best result. It is also recommended to use a moisturizer in the morning and evening, as well as every time after taking a bath or shower, even during periods without eczema. nine0010

Children suffering from eczema that regularly flares up and worsens benefit from calcium permanganate baths even during good times. During periods of active eczema, baths with calcium permanganate can be done every day or every other day.

Cortisone-free anti-eczema ointments (Elidel®, Protopic®) are good alternatives to try for chronic eczema. These ointments are applied daily, twice a day. The advantage of these ointments is that they do not affect the thickness of the skin even with prolonged use, and also that they can be used in cases where treatment with cortisone ointments does not lead to the desired result and control of eczema is not established by treatment with cortisone ointments without risk. side effects. nine0010

For skin infections, the infection itself must be treated first, and then the above remedies should be applied.

Medical light or climate treatments for eczema may work. However, some patients may experience a temporary increase in eczema, which is probably due to sweat irritation. In addition, such treatment requires a lot of money and time, which makes it unacceptable for school-age children. This treatment is carried out exclusively by doctors specializing in skin diseases. nine0010

Achieving positive results depends on how well the patient is informed about the treatment. Eczema can be a very debilitating disease, but early treatment can in most cases bring it under control. Fortunately, the disease eventually subsides on its own, and 80% of patients recover by the age of 18. There is evidence to suggest that quality treatment of eczema leads to an improved prognosis.

Aggravating factors

Rough, tight clothing, rough wools, polyester, heavily dyed fabrics, humidity, stress, infections, food, chlorinated water, tobacco smoke, perfumes, allergies, alkaloid soaps, degreasing chemicals and exposure to heat.

The child knows what clothes cause itching!

Prevention of eczema

Prevention of eczema by controlling the mother's diet during pregnancy, or after the birth of the child, has no effect on the development of atopic eczema in the child. Research shows that symptoms of atopic eczema may be delayed in some cases in children who are breastfed for the first four to six months of life. nine0010

Where to get help

For mild sporadic eczema in children, getting advice from a nurse may be enough. In more complex cases, you should contact your doctor, who, if necessary, will write a referral to a specialist. The hospital free choice system in Norway allows for informed choice. On the Internet site www.frittsykehusvalg.no and free of charge on 800 41 004, you can find out about available eczema treatment sites and your rights in choosing a hospital. nine0010

People suffering from eczema and other skin diseases, as well as people who work with this group of patients, can communicate with specialists at the skin disease clinic, Villa Derma, Oslo University Hospital, by contacting the “skin phone” 23075803 , open for calls three hours a week according to the following schedule: Tuesday and Friday from 8 am to 9 am, Thursday from 12 am to 1 pm (check that this schedule is correct!).

Eczema Facts developed in collaboration with the Medical Board of the Norwegian Asthma and Allergy Association. nine0125

Eczema: what is it, symptoms, causes, types, treatment and diet

Eczema is a chronic inflammatory skin disease of an allergic nature. The causes of the onset and development of pathology have not yet been studied, but it is believed that allergic diseases and genetic prerequisites are provoking factors. Treatment of eczema is carried out successfully today. You just need to turn to experienced professionals.

What is eczema?

This is a disease characterized by inflammatory processes and characterized by:

  • A large number of provoking developmental factors
  • Many variants of rash
  • Tendency to relapse
  • High treatment resistance

Typically, an eczema rash concentrates on areas such as:

  • Neck
  • Knees
  • Elbows
  • Ankles

Symptoms of pathology can periodically increase. Such attacks last from a couple of hours to several days.

Classification

In accordance with the characteristics of the course of the pathological condition, the following are distinguished:

  • Acute eczema. Her symptoms usually persist for 1-2 months
  • Subacute. Symptoms of this pathology are less pronounced. In this case, the pathology can accompany the patient up to 6 months
  • Chronic. In this case, the disease can proceed for several years. Periods of relapses follow remissions

There are several types of pathology:

  • True. Such eczema is characterized by a chronic course. Exacerbations occur frequently and are accompanied by the appearance of symmetrical foci of inflammation. At first, areas of the skin turn red and swell. After that, small bubbles form on them. Over time, they open with the release of exudate (a small amount of liquid)
  • Microbial. This form of pathology is characterized by the formation of deep ulcers and fistulas. Pathology is accompanied by severe itching. In the microbial form, foci of inflammation spread mainly to the legs
  • Seborrheic. This form is characterized by rashes on the face (on the forehead, near the eyebrows, behind the ears) and the scalp. Complete restoration of the skin is possible only with correct therapy
  • Children's. This form is characterized by a large amount of exudate
  • Professional. This form of pathology is characterized by vivid manifestations. The rash can appear on various areas of the skin (usually those that come into contact with irritants). Irritants in occupational eczema can be either chemical or physical or mechanical. Usually, pathology is provoked by constant exposure to cosmetics, active chemicals, various plants, resins, metals (mainly nickel and chromium)

Reasons

Eczema, the treatment of which should only be carried out by professionals, is quite common.

Its causes include a number of internal and external factors.

Internal factors for the development of eczema:

  • Nervous system disorders
  • Pathologies of internal organs
  • Genetic factors (heredity)

External factors provoking pathology: nine0010

  • Increase or decrease in temperature
  • Exposure to harsh chemicals
  • Influence of extracts of various plants, etc.

Often, a combination of internal and external factors provokes pathology.

Eczema can be the body's response to:

  • Contact with pollen
  • Excessive sweating
  • Immune system disorders
  • Stress
  • Taking medications
  • Taking certain foods

Before starting the treatment of eczema, it is very important to identify the causes that provoked the onset of pathology. Only in this case, the therapy will be as effective as possible and will not drag on for a long time.

Symptoms

All types of eczema are characterized by the following symptoms:

  • Appearance of individual inflamed areas on the skin
  • Appearance of rash
  • Itching
  • Bubble Breaker
  • Wounds and fissures that cause permanent discomfort
  • Increase in body temperature during exacerbations
  • General malaise and weakness
  • Cracking of the skin, its pronounced dryness and loss of elasticity

Symptoms of the pathological condition largely depend on the stage of development of eczema. nine0010

At the erythematous stage, the disease manifests itself in the form of inflamed areas. Gradually, the spots can merge into a separate affected area, which has an impressive area.

At the papular stage, the affected skin becomes unpleasant to the touch. It forms small nodules with clear boundaries and a bright red color.

At the vesicular stage, the nodules turn into vesicles.

At the stage of wetting, the bubbles gradually open, liquid is released from them. nine0010

In the cortical stage, the inflamed areas dry out. Yellowish crusts form on the skin.

At the stage of dry eczema, the skin begins to peel off. Formed crusts gradually disappear. Do not try to rip them off yourself! This can provoke the resumption of pathology.

Diagnostics

Treatment of eczema in adults is possible only after a thorough assessment of its symptoms and causes. That is why it is very important for a doctor to conduct a high-quality diagnosis. nine0010

It begins with the collection of anamnesis.

The doctor explains:

  • The first cases of manifestation of signs of a pathological process
  • Presence of intolerance to certain foods and drugs
  • Allergic reactions

At the first appointment, the dermatologist performs a dermatoscopy. This study is aimed at studying the condition of the skin, mucous membranes and scalp. nine0010

Then laboratory tests are carried out.

For the diagnosis of eczema are assigned:

  • Urinalysis
  • Blood tests
  • Serum immunoglobulin test

During the examination, the specialist determines the general state of health of the patient, evaluates individual vital signs. If necessary, a consultation with a nutritionist and an immunologist-allergist is carried out. nine0010

In advanced situations, a comprehensive immunological and allergological examination with sampling is also prescribed. As part of such a diagnosis, doctors are able to identify irritating factors that can provoke symptoms of eczema and allow you to quickly begin to treat the pathology.

Treatment

The main task of the doctor after making a diagnosis such as eczema is to reduce or completely eliminate the factors that provoke the onset of symptoms. nine0010

Treatment of pathology is conditionally divided into several stages:

  • Taking general medications
  • Diet modification
  • Use of topical agents in the form of ointments, emulsions, creams, etc.
  • Physiotherapy

The following groups of drugs are used for therapy:

  • Antihistamines. Such remedies are prescribed for acute eczema
    • nine0138 Glucocorticosteroids. These hormonal drugs relieve inflammation and prevent the development of allergic reactions
  • Diuretics. Such funds are recommended for severe edema
  • Tranquilizers. These drugs allow you to eliminate itching, ensure a sound and healthy sleep of the patient, his good rest even with severe discomfort in the acute stage of eczema
  • Enterosorbents. These funds allow you to quickly remove all the products of intoxication from the intestines
  • Vitamins of group B, aimed at normalizing the functioning of the nervous system
  • Antibiotics. These funds are prescribed if, as a result of the diagnosis, it turned out that eczema is provoked by the action of aggressive microorganisms

Locally, applications with pastes and ointments are usually prescribed, which have:

  • Antipruritic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Antiseptic properties

Compositions of preparations for external use are often selected individually. In some cases, "talkers" are prescribed, which are prepared in pharmacies according to a doctor's prescription.

Important! It is strictly forbidden to use folk remedies, various oils, plant extracts, etc. for the treatment of eczema. They are able not to stop the development of the pathological process, but to provoke it.

With regard to physical therapy, patients are usually prescribed: nine0010

  • UV
  • Magnetotherapy
  • Electrophoresis

Treatment of weeping eczema is carried out with the obligatory use of drugs that allow you to dry the skin and ensure the elimination of external signs of pathology. Treatment of other forms of the disease also has individual specificity. The attending physician will tell you about all the subtleties.

There are also general recommendations that should be followed by all patients suffering from the disease. nine0010

  • Avoid skin contact with aggravating substances (if such substances are identified through tests and samples)
  • Dieting. Cocoa, citrus fruits and chocolate should be completely excluded from the diet
  • Skin care only with products recommended by a physician
  • Elimination of nervous overload and stressful situations

Diet

The basis for the recovery of patients with eczema is often a properly selected diet. When selecting the products you need, the doctor takes into account both the general state of health and the stage and form of the pathology, as well as the presence of concomitant diseases. nine0010

There are also general recommendations regarding nutrition.

All patients during an exacerbation should:

  • Avoid spicy, salty and smoked foods
  • Refuse sweets
  • Eliminate citrus fruits, eggs, alcoholic beverages, dairy products and processed foods from the diet

The diet should include:

  • Greenery
  • Lean cereals
  • Vegetables

During periods of remission, it is desirable to use zucchini and pumpkin, watermelons, gooseberries, lingonberries, currants and cranberries, nuts. Patients who adhere strictly to the diet usually improve rapidly. After a month, the diet can be expanded.

With eczema, the following foods and drinks are strictly prohibited:

  • Coffee and cocoa
  • Sweets
  • Fatty meat
    • nine0138 Tomatoes
  • Garlic
  • Buns and other pastries
  • Melon
  • Grenades
  • Beetroot
  • Strawberry
  • Honey

It is advisable to use only those products that are hypoallergenic. A complete list will be given to you by your doctor.

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