Bumps on baby body

What are those bumps on my child's skin?

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Common childhood rashes | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

If your child has a seizure, call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.
If you think your child might have meningococcal rash, go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Key facts

• There are many different types of childhood rashes. Many are not serious.
• If your child has a rash and fever, they should see their doctor.
• If your child has a meningococcal rash, go immediately to the emergency department.

Meningococcal rash

If you think your child might have meningococcal rash, go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

You can read more about serious childhood rashes here.

Rashes with no fever or itching

Milia (blocked oil glands)

Up to 1 in every 2 newborn babies develop small white spots called milia on their face, especially on the nose. These are just blocked pores, and they’re not itchy or contagious. They usually clear up without treatment within a few weeks.

Erythema toxicum

Many newborns develop a blotchy red skin reaction called erythema toxicum, which can appear between 2 days and 2 weeks after birth. Flat, red patches or small bumps often first appear on the face and spread to the body and limbs. The rash is harmless, not contagious, and will clear after a few days or a week.

Baby acne

Some babies get pimples on their cheeks and nose in the first three months of life. These pimples normally disappear without any treatment, usually within a few months.

Nappy rash

Nappy rash is inflammation of the skin in the nappy area. It can look red, sore and inflamed. Nappy rash is usually caused by urine (wee) or faeces (poo) irritating the skin.

To avoid nappy rash, keep the nappy area clean and dry with frequent nappy changes and nappy-free time. You can help protect the skin by putting on a barrier cream such as zinc or soft white paraffin at each nappy change.

Persistent nappy rash can be treated with a medicated cream. Don’t use talcum powder or antiseptics to treat nappy rash. If your baby develops a fungal infection, you’ll need to use an antifungal ointment. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Erythema multiforme (minor)

Erythema multiforme is a rash triggered by an infection (most commonly herpes simplex virus), medicine or an illness. Your baby might feel unwell or have a mild fever before the rash appears. Red spots develop on the hands, feet, arms and legs and spread symmetrically across both sides of the body. The spots often become raised or blistered and then develop into classic target-like lesions.

Erythema multiforme is not contagious, and usually resolves without treatment in 3 to 6 weeks.

Keratosis pilaris (‘chicken skin’)

Keratosis pilaris is a harmless condition where the skin becomes rough and bumpy, as if permanently covered in goose pimples. These bumps most commonly occur on the upper arms and thighs. You can try several things to help the rash to clear up, including moisturising regularly.

Rashes that might be itchy

Eczema (Atopic dermatitis)

Eczema is a very common skin condition affecting 1 in 3 Australians. It causes the skin to become itchy, red, dry and cracked, often in the creases at the knees and elbows.

Eczema commonly starts before a baby is 12 months old. Eczema follows a relapsing-remitting course. This means that there are flare-ups of the rash, followed by periods where there is no rash or a minimal rash.

Eczema management includes preventative treatment such as avoiding skin irritants, moisturising regularly and using bath oil. Treatment of flare-ups includes using steroid and anti-inflammatory creams.

Ringworm (tinea)

Ringworm is a common, contagious skin infection that causes a ring-like red rash with a clear centre. It commonly occurs on the scalp, feet and groin, but it can appear almost anywhere on the body.

Ringworm is caused by a fungus, not a worm, and is usually treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams. You should keep your child home from childcare or school until a day after you have started treatment to prevent spreading the infection.

Prickly heat (heat rash)

Heat rash might appear if your baby gets hot in a humid environment. The rash shows as tiny red bumps or blisters on the skin, which can be very itchy. Cooling your baby down and avoiding humidity is the best way to prevent heat rash, which usually clears within 2 to 3 days without treatment.

Impetigo (school sores)

Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin. It causes red sores and blisters that form a yellow crust. It is very common in children aged 2 to 6, and it is not usually serious in this age group, but it can be dangerous for newborn babies.

If your child has impetigo, you should see your doctor, who might prescribe an antibiotic cream, ointment or tablet. This should clear the infection within 7 to 10 days. Keep your child home from childcare or school and away from young babies until the sores have dried up, usually a few days after treatment starts.

Hives (urticaria)

Hives is a raised, red, itchy rash. It is common on the chest, stomach and back, as well as the throat and limbs, but it can appear on any part of the body. Hives usually disappears within a few days without any treatment. Antihistamines can be given to relieve itching. If the rash doesn't go away, you should see your doctor.

Hives isn’t usually serious, but it can be a sign of a more serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). If your child develops hives after eating, or together with other symptoms such as vomiting, dizziness or trouble breathing, you should seek urgent medical attention.

If your child has symptoms of a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

Pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rosea is a mild skin rash that sometimes appears after a sore throat, cold or fever. It begins with a single pink or tan-coloured patch on the chest or back. Red, oval-shaped patches, which may be itchy, then appear on the chest or back and limbs over the next weeks.

The exact cause of pityriasis rosea is unclear, and it is not thought to be contagious. The rash usually clears up within a couple of months without treatment.

If you are pregnant, pityriasis rosea can in rare cases lead to complications. See your doctor if you are pregnant and have contact with a child who has pityriasis rosea.

Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that is spread by skin-to-skin contact or by sharing swimming pool water, bath water or towels.

Molluscum contagiosum spots look like pimples and grow into round pearly white lumps, usually 2 to 5 millimetres in size. They can be itchy. They usually heal without treatment within 6 months, but sometimes longer.

Rashes with fever

Slapped cheek disease (fifth disease)

Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects pre-school and school-age children. It typically causes a bright red rash on both cheeks that spreads as a ‘lacy’ rash on the body and limbs. Occasionally, it causes a fever.

Slapped cheek disease is usually mild and clears up in a few days without treatment. The child is contagious before the rash appears, but not once it has appeared.

If you are pregnant and catch the virus, it may cause a type of anaemia in your unborn baby. It can also cause miscarriage. If you suspect you or your child has slapped cheek disease, you should avoid contact with people who might be pregnant.

Hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a mild but highly contagious viral illness. It causes a rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and blisters in the mouth. It is not the same as the foot-and-mouth disease that affects farm animals.

The disease is common in childcare and kindergartens. Your child might feel unwell and have a fever and blisters on the hands and feet and in the mouth and in the nappy area. The illness usually lasts about 7 to 10 days. Children with hand, foot and mouth disease should stay away from childcare or school until all the blisters have dried up.

Hand, foot and mouth disease usually resolves on its own without complications. In rare cases, it can be more serious, especially if you have a weakened immune system or are pregnant. Complications can include infections of the brain and heart muscle and miscarriage.

Roseola infantum

Roseola infantum is a contagious viral infection that can cause cold-like symptoms and a high fever. The high fever may last for a few days. Roseola infantum can also cause some children to have a febrile convulsion (seizure).

Children with roseola infantum develop a rash after the fever has resolved. The rash looks like raised pink spots that start on the chest, stomach and back and spread to the limbs. The child is contagious before the rash appears, but not after. The rash usually lasts 3 to 5 days.

Febrile convulsions can look scary but are generally not harmful.

If your child has a seizure, call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

When to seek help

Many babies develop a skin rash in their first days or weeks of life as their sensitive skin adapts to a new environment. Most rashes are harmless and go away on their own, but if your baby seems unwell, or if you’re worried, you should see your doctor. They can advise about the cause and whether treatment is necessary.

Whatever their age, you should take your child to the doctor if they have a rash and persistent high temperature, cold or cough symptoms or swollen neck glands.

Treatment of common childhood rashes

If you think your child might be contagious, they should stay at home. Keep them away from school, childcare and other children. You should also keep them away from people who are pregnant, or who might be pregnant, since some childhood infections can cause serious problems in unborn babies.

You can use paracetamol or ibuprofen (in babies aged over 3 months) to reduce fever — read the packet instructions carefully to ensure your child receives the right amount for their age and weight.

Your pharmacist can advise you on treating the symptoms of common rashes. For example, you can use over-the-counter creams to prevent itchiness.

If you are concerned about your child’s rash, call Pregnancy, Birth and Baby on 1800 882 436 to talk to a maternal child health nurse, or call Healthdirect on 1800 022 222 to talk to a registered nurse. Alternatively, contact your doctor.

Speak to a maternal child health nurse

Call Pregnancy, Birth and Baby to speak to a maternal child health nurse on 1800 882 436 or video call. Available 7am to midnight (AET), 7 days a week.

Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content.

Types of neoplasms on the skin in children

Neoplasms on the skin is a lesion of the skin as a result of the growth of tissue cells in the form of tumor pathological formations that can be benign, malignant and have a borderline (precancerous) character.

Neoplasms can exist on the skin of a child from birth, some of them appear over the years, but all of them can grow, change, metastasize to other organs, cause complications and lead to death.

Causes of appearance

Everyone knows that the skin of a child is delicate and sensitive to any external influences, and not only infants, but also young children and adolescents should be protected from such a factor as direct sunlight, which is one of the causes of skin cancer . Some tumors of the epidermis do not depend on external causes and are congenital or hereditary.

Unlike adults, benign neoplasms on children's skin rarely turn into malignant ones, but it is much more difficult to detect them on the body of a small person. The most active age for the appearance of tumors on the skin in a child is considered to be the period up to 8 years, some neoplasms are also characteristic for the age of 8-15 years, but they grow slowly and are mostly inconspicuous.

Do not sound the alarm because of every mole that appears on the body of the baby, because. Skin cancer is a rather rare disease for children, but there are some types of neoplasms (for example, large congenital pigmented nevi) that require constant monitoring and control by a doctor. Large pigmented moles can grow, change color, be injured by clothing, which can lead to their transition to a malignant stage.

Types of neoplasms

• Benign neoplasms . These include warts nevi papillomas lipomas angiomas adenomas The last two types often occur in children in infancy, never degenerate into malignant and do not pose a danger to the child. Warts and papillomas are typical for preschoolers and adolescents, but they do not threaten the health of the child. As a rule, they are removed for aesthetic reasons;
• Borderline neoplasms (premalignant ) in children. These include xeroderma pigmentosa and keratoacanthoma. Other precancerous neoplasms, such as cutaneous horn, Bowen's disease and other diseases, are more characteristic of adults and the elderly;
• Malignant neoplasms. This type of skin tumors includes melanoma, sarcoma, neurofibrosarcoma, hemangiosarcoma, epithelioma.

Here are some symptoms that parents should watch out for:

• discoloration of neoplasm;
• its rapid growth;
• overgrowth of one of the areas of neoplasm in a child;
• itching, burning in the area of ​​the neoplasm;
• neoplasm bleeding;
• the presence of inflammation on a neoplasm in a child;

If any neoplasms on the child's skin cause you concern, do not put off a visit to a dermatologist. After all, only a competent specialist will be able to determine what type of skin tumor the neoplasm belongs to.

In our medical center "Medicentr" examination of neoplasms on children's skin is carried out - dermatoscopy . In addition, "Medicenter" provides services for the removal of papillomas, nevi and warts in children. Early diagnosis and timely treatment of various skin neoplasms in a child will help to avoid complications and their transformation into malignant tumors.

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Soft tissue neoplasms in children

In childhood, neoplasms of soft tissues are quite common. In most cases, they do not cause any particular inconvenience, except for aesthetic problems. Why should they be removed?

VIRAL WARTS

Appear on the skin and mucosa after infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is easily transmitted by household contact. This virus is registered in 70% of the population in an asymptomatic form.

Infection with them in children and adolescents with the subsequent development of warts most often occurs due to a decrease in immune defenses through direct contact with infected skin or through contaminated objects. HPV begins to develop where there is a violation of the integrity of the skin - microtrauma and wounds. Most often, warts appear on the face, fingers, knees, elbows, and soles of the feet.

According to clinical manifestations, warts are distinguished:

• Ordinary - spherical formations that rise above the skin. They do not cause pain, but interfere with wearing clothes if they are located in uncomfortable places.

• Genital (genital warts) - appear on the genitals and mucous membranes. They are pink growths with a papillary structure.

• Flat - have an irregular shape and stand out in color.

• Plantar warts - appear under the big toe and resemble a large callus that causes pain when walking.

The child often feels discomfort, itching and soreness in the area of ​​​​the neoplasm. Warts are benign neoplasms, but some HPV subtypes behave aggressively and can degenerate into a malignant tumor.

A dermatologist chooses a treatment method that depends on the type and location of the wart. As a rule, this is a radical removal by cryosurgery, laser or radio wave apparatus.

Observance of the rules of personal hygiene will help to prevent the formation of warts. Children should not be allowed to walk barefoot in public places. It is important to strengthen the child's immunity with good nutrition, physical education, walks, vitamins. Children should be careful not to scratch the warts, as the virus can spread to other parts of the body.

MOLE OR NEVUS

This is a benign tumor that can be congenital (appears in the first year of life) or acquired (forms later). Neoplasms differ in color - they can be pink, brown, red, black. This is due to the fact that altered skin cells actively synthesize melanin, leading to hyperpigmentation.

Most moles that appear in the initial period of life are harmless. However, you should know that dangerous skin cancer melanoma in 70% of cases occurs by the degeneration of existing nevi under the influence of external factors, the main of which is an excess of ultraviolet radiation and trauma. In addition, hormonal disorders and decreased immunity contribute to the transformation into a tumor.

Certain types of moles are considered dangerous due to the high risk of melanocytic dysplasia and must be removed. If a child under 1 year of age has moles, then you should definitely consult a dermatologist. Small nevi are usually observed by a doctor until the age of 20. Medium-sized ones are routinely removed at the age of 7-12 years.

Parents should not worry if the nevi slowly increase in size. They can also darken, become lighter, and even disappear. But this does not mean that they can be ignored.

A few signs that you should consult a specialist:

• A rapid increase in size or a radical difference in color from others on the child's body.

• Bleeding - you should be especially wary if this is not associated with an injury.

• Too many nevi on the child's body. Normally, there should be no more than 20.

• Large size is the reason to regularly see a dermatologist.

• The nevus consists of fragments of different colors with uneven edges.

If the mole is poorly located and easily injured, the doctor will recommend removing it. They also come with spots that can potentially degenerate into malignant tumors. The method of removal is determined by the doctor.

HEMANGIOMAS

Hemangiomas or birthmarks are vascular tumors that occur in the blood or lymph vessels. Most often, these neoplasms are benign, but their danger lies in the fact that they grow and interfere with nearby tissues.

Hemangiomas are formed during fetal development under the influence of pathogenic factors, for example, infections carried by the mother, medication. Under their influence, the development of endothelial cells is disrupted.

As a result, the baby is born with a red or bluish spot. Or the pathology manifests itself in the first weeks after birth. It should be understood that this is not only a cosmetic defect. Hemangiomas are dangerous because they are capable of rapid growth, so you should consult a doctor as soon as possible.

Vascular tumors differ in structure, localization and appearance. There are such types of hemangiomas:

• Capillary - located on the surface of the skin, with clear outlines, saturated color - from pink to blue.

• Cavernous - consists of cavities under the skin filled with blood.

• Mixed - in addition to the vascular tissue, the tumor also includes nerve fibers or connective tissue.

The surface of the hemangioma is easily injured, resulting in difficult to stop bleeding or infection.

Tumors of this type can regress on their own and disappear completely. In the middle of the spot, a pale area first appears, which gradually increases. In cases where neoplasms are located on the head, neck or in the genital area, it is recommended to remove them immediately. Other indications for removal include their rapid growth, suppuration, bleeding, ulcers, necrosis, infection.

FIBROMAS

They are benign neoplasms of connective tissue. Fibroma is localized on the skin of the body or subcutaneous tissue, on the mucous membranes, in the mammary gland and in the tendons. Fibroma formation occurs without obvious symptoms. Fibroma is characterized by a slow growth rate, but can reach large sizes. Externally, the formation is an overgrowth of tissues, located on a flat base or on a leg. Fibroma is easily confused with a wart, papilloma or keratoma.

To avoid the consequences of the rapid growth of fibroids, a timely visit to the doctor will help. Dermatologists and surgeons deal with this problem. At the consultation, the specialist will diagnose, prescribe additional research methods if necessary, and suggest treatment.

In the SOVA family of clinics, pediatric dermatologists and surgeons will help you make an accurate diagnosis if your child has suspicious symptoms. If necessary, they will do a biopsy and prescribe an ultrasound. Most neoplasms in children are subject to removal.

It is impossible to postpone a surgical operation if the tumor is rapidly increasing in size and tends to become malignant. In addition, if the defect is located so that it interferes with walking or wearing clothes, then urgent removal is indicated. Constant trauma is dangerous for the development of complications.

Before proceeding with the removal, it is necessary to consult a doctor. In the SOVYONOK children's clinic, all manipulations to remove soft tissue neoplasms are performed under local anesthesia using the radio wave method. This is one of the most effective removal techniques.

DS device. Surg 100 converts electrical current into radio waves, which remove only altered tissues without damaging healthy ones. The method is safe, as it excludes infection of the wound. The recovery period after the operation is minimal, since the doctor does not apply stitches. Scars and scars are not formed. There are no pain and swelling. The patient returns to normal life immediately after the operation.

The clinic "SOVENOK" employs pediatric surgeons with extensive experience. If necessary, they can offer hospitalization in a day or round-the-clock hospital, where a comprehensive examination and treatment is available.

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