Baby itchy skin rash

Skin rashes in babies | nidirect

It's normal for babies to develop rashes from as early as a few days old. If your baby has a rash but doesn’t show signs of illness, speak to your midwife, health visitor, or your GP. If your baby appears unwell, call your GP or GP out of hours service.

About skin rashes in babies

It's important to be aware of the symptoms of meningitis, see section below.

Also below is information on some of the most common rashes in babies. Most rashes are harmless and go away on their own.

This guide may give you a better idea of the cause of the rash. But don't use it to diagnose your baby's condition. Always speak to a health professional for a proper diagnosis.

read about causes of rashes in older children

Baby acne (neonatal acne)

Baby acne is where pimples sometimes develop on a baby's cheeks, nose and forehead within a month of their birth.

About baby acne

pimples tend to get worse before clearing up completely after a few weeks or months
washing your baby's face with water and a mild moisturiser can improve the appearance of their skin
avoid acne medicines intended for older children and adults

Pimples or blackheads that develop after three months of age (infantile acne) tend to be more severe. These often need medical treatment.

Cradle cap

Cradle cap is where yellowish, greasy, scaly patches develop on a baby's scalp.

About cradle cap

occasionally, as well as the scalp, the face, ears and neck are also affected
it isn't itchy and shouldn't bother your baby- if your baby is scratching or upset, they may have eczema (see below)
it is a common condition that tends to develop within two or three months after birth
it usually gets better without treatment in a few weeks or months

Gently washing your baby's hair and scalp with baby shampoo may help to prevent further patches developing.

Eczema

Eczema is a long-term condition that causes the skin to become itchy, red, dry and cracked.

The most common form is atopic eczema. It mainly affects babies and children but can continue into adulthood.

About atopic eczema

eczema in babies under six months is sometimes associated with allergies to milk and egg
it often starts in young babies as a red, itchy rash on the face, scalp and body
as the child gets older, it usually starts to develop in areas with folds of skin, such as behind the knees or on the front of the elbows

Creams and ointments can often relieve the symptoms.

Erythema toxicum

Half of all newborns develop a blotchy red skin reaction called erythema toxicum. This is usually at two or three days old.

It's a normal newborn rash that won't bother your baby and clears after a few days.

Hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common, viral illness.

About hand, foot and mouth disease

it causes a blistery rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet, as well as ulcers in the mouth
your baby may also feel unwell and have a fever

Treatment isn't usually needed, as the baby's immune system clears the virus. The symptoms go away after about seven to 10 days. If you're worried, see your GP.

Hives (urticaria)

Hives is also known as urticaria.

About hives

causes a raised, red itchy rash that appears on the skin
happens when a trigger (such as a food that your baby is allergic to) causes a substance called histamine to be released into their skin

If your baby gets urticaria during feeding, the condition may be triggered by something they've had to eat or drink. The most common foods are egg and milk, but many other foods can sometimes be the cause.

The urticaria rash is usually short-lived and can be controlled with antihistamines. If your baby gets hives repeatedly, it's important to see your GP to discuss possible allergies.

Impetigo

Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the surface layers of the skin. It causes sores and blisters.

It's not usually serious, but you can visit your GP for a prescription of antibiotics. This should clear the infection within seven to 10 days.

Milia

About half of all newborns develop tiny (1-2mm) white spots on their face. These are called milia.

These are just blocked pores. They usually clear within the first four weeks of life.

Nappy rash

Nappy rash occurs when the skin around the baby's nappy area becomes irritated.

About nappy rash

is often caused by exposure to wee or poo for a long period of time
can sometimes be the result of a fungal infection or rare skin condition

You can usually reduce nappy rash by taking simple steps to keep your baby's skin clean and dry. You can use a barrier cream if needed. Antifungal cream may be necessary if the rash is caused by a fungal infection.

read more about nappies and nappy rash

Ringworm

Ringworm is a common fungal skin infection. It causes a ring-like red rash almost anywhere on the body (the baby's scalp, feet and groin are common areas).

It's usually easily treated using over-the-counter creams.

Ask your pharmacist if you need advice about treatment.

Scabies

Scabies is a common infestation of the skin that can affect people of all ages.

About scabies

it's caused by tiny mites that burrow into the skin
it's often spread between family members, so when babies get scabies it's usually because someone else in the family had it recently
babies with scabies develop tiny and very itchy spots all over the body, including on the soles of the feet, armpits and genital area

Treatment with creams that kill the scabies mite needs to be given to the whole family at the same time for it to be effective.

Visit your GP if you think your baby has scabies. It's not usually a serious condition, but it does need to be treated.

Your GP will discuss treatment with you. The treatments most widely used are a cream and lotion.

Slapped cheek syndrome

Slapped cheek syndrome is a viral infection particularly common in children and babies.

About slapped cheek syndrome

it typically causes a bright red rash on both cheeks and a fever
most babies won't need treatment, as slapped cheek syndrome is usually a mild condition that passes in a few days

Sweat rash (miliaria)

A heat rash is sometimes called miliaria or prickly heat. It may flare up when your baby sweats. For example, because they're dressed in too many clothes or the environment is hot and humid.

It's a sign your baby's sweat glands have become blocked.

They may develop tiny red bumps or blisters on their skin, but these will soon clear without treatment.

Meningitis

Meningitis is an infection of the protective membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord (meninges).

About meningitis

the classic rash associated with meningitis usually looks like small, red pinpricks at first
it then quickly spreads over the body and turns into red or purple blotches
it is a blotchy rash that doesn't fade when a glass is rolled over it (this won't always develop)

Meningitis warning signs

It's important to be aware of the warning signs of meningitis in your baby, which include:

becoming floppy and unresponsive, or stiff with jerky movements
becoming irritable and not wanting to be held
unusual crying
vomiting and refusing feeds
pale and blotchy skin
loss of appetite
staring expression
very sleepy with a reluctance to wake up
fever

Some babies develop a swelling in the soft part of their head (fontanelle).

Trust your instincts. If you think your baby has meningitis, see your GP or GP out of hours service immediately or go to your nearest emergency department.

find out more about skin rashes in babies on the NHS website

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Baby Rash: Causes, Types, Treatments, Prevention

There are many types of rashes that affect various parts of a baby’s body.

These rashes are typically very treatable. While they may be uncomfortable, they aren’t cause for alarm. Rashes are rarely an emergency.

Sometimes, infant rashes can indicate a more serious illness. We’ll discuss different types of baby rashes, how to treat them, and when to call a doctor.

Babies have very new skin and developing immune systems. Their skin is sensitive and susceptible to many sources of irritation or infection. Causes of rashes in babies include:

heat
allergies
friction
dampness
chemicals
fragrances
fabrics

Even their own feces can irritate a baby’s skin and cause a rash. Viral and bacterial infections can also cause rashes.

Depending on the cause of the rash, almost any part of your baby’s body can be affected:

face
neck
trunk
arms
legs
hands
feet
diaper area
skin folds

Some of the most common types of infant skin rashes include:

baby acne, which usually appears on the face
cradle cap
diaper rash, which is caused by wetness or the acidity of a baby’s urine and feces
drool rash, which happens when drool irritates the skin around the mouth or on the chest
eczema, most commonly found on the face, behind the knees, and on the arms
fifth disease, which is a “slapped cheek” rash that may be accompanied by fever, fatigue, and sore throat
hand, foot, and mouth disease
heat rash, usually found in areas covered by clothes, such as armpits, neck, chest, arms, torso, and legs and is caused by overheating
hives
impetigo
infectious rashes, such as measles, chickenpox, scarlet fever, and roseola
miliamolluscum contagiosum
thrush

Seek medical advice for a fever
Bring your child to a doctor if they’re experiencing a rash with a fever.

Diaper rash treatment

Diaper rash is one of the most common baby rashes. A diaper holds warmth and moisture close to the skin, and urine and feces may be acidic and very irritating to the skin. The best remedies for diaper rash include:

frequent diaper changes
wiping with a soft, wet cloth instead of pre-packaged wipes that contain alcohol and chemicals
using a barrier cream, typically containing zinc oxide, which shouldn’t be wiped off of the skin with each diaper change or it can cause more irritation
decreasing acidic foods, such as citrus and tomatoes, in your baby’s diet
washing your hands before and after diaper changes so the rash doesn’t become infected

Eczema treatment

Eczema is another very common childhood rash. If you have a family history of eczema or sensitive skin, your baby is likely to be more prone to eczema.

It may be caused by allergies or skin sensitivities to food, laundry detergent, types of fabric, or other irritants. Helpful treatments for eczema include:

keeping the area clean and dry
over-the-counter creams and ointments
oatmeal baths
determining if there’s an allergy and eliminating the allergen
working with a pediatric dermatologist to identify your baby’s triggers and how to best treat their eczema

Drool rash treatment

Drool rash and general facial rash is very common in babies. They’re developing salivary glands and teething, so it’s not uncommon for them to have drool on their face much of the time. Pacifier use, food particles, teeth growing in, and frequent face-wiping may also irritate the skin.

Drool rash typically resolves on its own in a matter of weeks, but there are some ways to help:

pat — don’t scrub — your baby’s face to dry
clean with warm water but avoid using soap on the face
have your baby wear a drool bib so their shirt doesn’t become soaked
be gentle when cleaning food off of the face
avoid fragranced lotions on the face
minimize pacifier use when possible

Some rashes, such as baby acne, go away by themselves in a matter of weeks or months. You shouldn’t use adult acne medication to treat baby acne.

Cradle cap can be treated with topical oil, such as coconut oil, gentle scrubbing with a cradle cap brush, and washing your baby’s head.

Infectious rashes such as thrush, measles, chickenpox, roseola, and scarlet fever should be evaluated by a pediatrician for the best treatment. These rashes are typically accompanied by a fever and other symptoms. They may require antibiotics or antiviral medication, or they may resolve on their own.

Fever

If your baby develops a rash accompanied by a fever or following a fever, it’s best to call your pediatrician. The cause may be infectious and you should have your child evaluated by a doctor.

Learn more about signs of fevers and low temperatures in babies, and what to do.

Rash for a week

If your baby has a rash that persists for more than a week, doesn’t respond to home remedies, or is causing your baby pain or irritation, you should call your doctor.

Rash spreads

If your baby develops widespread hives, especially around the mouth, or develops hives accompanied by coughing, vomiting, wheezing, or other respiratory symptoms you should go to the emergency room. This may be a sign of a very serious allergic reaction called anaphylaxis.

Emergency signs

A rash accompanied by a very high fever, a stiff neck, sensitivity to light, neurological changes, or uncontrollable shaking may be caused by meningitis and is considered a medical emergency.

While rashes in babies are very common, there are some steps you can take to help prevent a rash. Preventive steps that some people try include:

frequent diaper changes
keeping skin clean and dry
using irritant-free laundry detergent or detergent specially formulated for babies
dressing your baby in breathable fabrics, such as cotton
dressing your baby appropriately for the weather to avoid overheating
keeping track of any skin reactions to foods so you can avoid trigger foods
keeping your child up-to-date on vaccinations
not letting strangers or anyone with symptoms of illness kiss your baby
using lotions, shampoos, and soaps specifically designed for a baby’s sensitive skin

It can be alarming when your baby develops a rash, especially if they seem to be sick, itchy, or uncomfortable. It can also be difficult to determine the cause of the rash.

The good news is that rashes tend to be very treatable and aren’t usually serious. Many are even preventable and can be managed at home.

If you’re concerned about your child’s rash, or the rash is accompanied by a fever, call your pediatrician. They can help determine what is causing your baby’s rash and how to treat it.

Itching and rash in a child

A B C D E F G H I K L M N O P R S T U F X C H W Shch E Yu Ya

If your child's rash is itchy, it's most likely caused by an allergy, infection, or skin disease. Fungal skin infections are also accompanied by itching, although (with the exception of pregnancies) they rarely occur before adolescence. Some children have a habit of scratching their skin, which in itself causes irritation and itching. Scratching further damages the skin, predisposing to infection. This vicious circle is especially easy to develop in children with allergies.

There are many causes of itching without a rash, such as dry skin or eczema, as well as some serious but rare conditions. In girls, itching can cause vulvovaginitis, and in teenage boys, fungal diseases. The doctor will diagnose and prescribe treatment. Make sure your child maintains personal hygiene.

DOCTOR'S CONSULTATION

Call the pediatrician if:

the child has a rash on the skin

WARNING!

If your child has an itchy skin condition, use a mild soap and avoid heavily scented products.

Rinse your laundry thoroughly after washing to completely remove detergent residue.

ASK YOURSELF	POSSIBLE CAUSE	WHAT TO DO
Does the baby have red, scaly scales on her cheeks, where she touches the diaper, or anywhere else? Does anyone in the family have eczema?	Eczema	Contact your pediatrician , he will diagnose and prescribe treatment. Avoid wool clothing.
Does the child have a red or pink scaly rash and blisters in any particular part of the body? Do these areas of the body come into contact with clothing, nickel-plated jewelry? Have you changed the brand of soap or washing powder?	Allergic contact dermatitis	Consult your pediatrician . Avoid skin contact with a possible cause of allergy (for example, with detergents - in this case, it is necessary to rinse the laundry thoroughly). Drug treatment may be required.
Has the child been burned by nettles or similar plants?	Allergic reaction to plant poison	Wash the burn area with soap and water, and launder clothing. Explain to the child that it is not necessary to comb the skin. If the rash is severe, the face or genitals are affected, and an infection develops, consult a pediatrician
Does your child have an itchy rash on an exposed area of skin? Are there red pimples?	Insect bites	Do a cold compress. If the rash persists or infection develops, take the child to the pediatrician
Does the child scratch the skin all the time? Are there nits on the hair or red marks on the skin?	Parasitic infestation - lice (on the head) or scabies (on the skin)	Call your pediatrician immediately . He will recommend measures to eliminate parasites and disinfect the apartment. Notify child care facility
Does the child have an itchy rash after fever, cough, symptoms of SARS?	Viral infection, e.g. chickenpox	Call a pediatrician
Has the child been prescribed any medications?	Side effect of medication	Show the child to the pediatrician . He will determine if the drug may cause a skin rash and adjust treatment if necessary
Itching around the anus, in the buttocks, especially at night? Does the girl have irritation in the vagina?	Pinworms	The pediatrician examines the child and prescribes treatment. Ask your doctor how to prevent the spread of infection
A teenage boy complains of itching around the genitals?	Fungal infection	The doctor will prescribe treatment. It is necessary to wash thoroughly with soap and then dry the affected skin with a separate napkin or disposable towel

FOR INFORMATION

Help for eczema

Eczema is characterized by a pink or red, often weeping, scaly rash on the elbows, popliteal fossae, cheeks, neck, groin, and back of the hands and feet. Disturbs a strong itch.

Eczema is more common in families in which someone suffers from allergic diseases. However, it must be remembered that in these cases, allergies are not the only possible cause of a skin rash in a child.

Eczema can start at any age. In children 2-6 months of age, it appears as itchy red pimples on the scalp that sometimes spread to the arms and body. In about half of the cases, the disease resolves by 2-3 years. In some children, recovery occurs by the age of 6, sometimes by adolescence. It happens that the disease worsens from time to time.

If you think certain foods are causing your flare-ups, cut them out of your diet. The pediatrician will help you here with advice. Use pH-neutral, unscented soap. In some cases, it is necessary to reduce the number of baths to 1-3 times a week. The pediatrician may recommend medication.

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A complete list of symptoms (more than 70) that require the attention of a pediatrician can be found here.

The materials presented in the handbook are advisory in nature and do not replace a consultation with a doctor!

You can make an appointment or call a pediatrician at home by calling the Center in Moscow:

+7(495) 229-44-10, +7(495) 954-00-46

Rash in a child on the body, legs, back

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