Babies double weight
Average Newborn Weight - American Pregnancy Association
It seems some of the most common questions parents hear from the moment a new baby arrives is “what does the baby weigh?” and “how is the baby growing?” The weight of a newborn is often used as a marker of general health, so it makes sense that it is something everyone is monitoring. But how does a parent know if their child is gaining weight at a healthy rate?
There are some general guidelines parents can look at to help keep an eye on their baby’s progress.
How to Monitor Your Baby’s Growth
Most babies who are born full-term (38-40 weeks gestation) weigh between 6-9 lbs. Birth weight can be affected by many factors, such as pregnancy gestation at birth ( whether earlier or later than “full term”), baby’s gender, mother’s health during the pregnancy, parents’ build, nutrition during pregnancy, multiples birth, or baby’s health at birth.
Babies can be born outside of the average guidelines and still be completely healthy. It is expected that newborns will lose some weight in the first 5-7 days of life. A 5% weight loss is considered normal for a formula-fed newborn. A 7-10% loss is considered normal for breastfed babies.
Most babies should regain this lost weight by days 10-14 of life. If a baby loses a significant amount of weight, is sick, or is premature, it may take up to 3 weeks to get back to his or her birth weight.
Formula-Fed and Breastfed Differences
Most newborns will gain about 5-7 oz a week for the first few months. Many babies will have doubled their birth weight by about 3-4 months. At 4 months, weight gain will begin to look different for breastfed and formula-fed babies. Research clearly shows that breastfed babies and formula-fed babies grow at different rates starting at about 4 months of age.
However, most growth charts are based only on formula-fed babies’ growth, which leads many breastfeeding moms wondering if their baby is “normal.” The World Health Organization (WHO) has worked to develop new growth charts based on breastfed babies, but not all physicians are using these when making their assessment.
Make sure your physician is clear on what feeding method you are using so the correct chart is used to assess your baby’s weight gain. For more information, see the WHO Growth Charts for Infant Boys and the WHO Growth Charts for Infant Girls.
Your Newborn’s Weight Gain
Newborns are often weighed throughout their stay in the hospital and sometimes again 48-72 hours after discharge. Newborns are then weighed a week after birth and sometimes again at two weeks after birth. If a baby has any health concerns, weight checks may be scheduled more frequently.
If parents don’t have a scale at home, they can monitor their baby’s intake of food in other ways:
- After the first week, a newborn should be having at least 5-7 wet diapers a day and at least about 3-4 dirty diapers a day. (This may change with time, and formula-fed babies seem to have fewer bowel movements than breastfed babies.)
- You can also monitor your baby’s intake by noticing if your baby seems satisfied at least for a little while after feeding.
(Keep in mind that some babies do seem to want to eat all the time!)
If you have any questions or concerns regarding your baby’s weight gain, don’t hesitate to ask your health care provider.
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Compiled using information from the following sources:
The Nemours Foundation, https://kidshealth.
org/
World Health Organization, https://www.who.int/
KellyMom Breastfeeding and Parenting, https://www.kellymom.com/
Ask Dr. Sears.com, https://www.askdrsears.com/
Slow Weight Gain in Infants and Children
Slow weight gain is sometimes called “failure to thrive." It is not a disease itself, but a manifestation of many medical, social and environmental factors that prevent a child from getting the calories they need for healthy growth.
Typically, a baby’s weight doubles within their first 4 to 6 months of life and triples in their first year. For instance, a baby born weighing six pounds would typically weigh about 12 pounds by the time they were 6 months old and about 18 pounds by the time they turned 1.
Slow weight gain is not always a concern. Some infants and children are simply smaller than most other children their age. However, between 1 and 10 percent of children in the United States show delays that require some form of intervention.
It is important to tell your child’s physician about any delays in your child’s growth.
When is slow weight gain a problem?
Slow weight gain is a problem when it interferes with a child’s healthy development, particularly during your baby’s first year when their brain is developing.
Slow weight gain could be a problem if:
- your newborn doesn’t regain their birth weight within 10 to 14 days after their birth
- your baby up to 3 months old gains less than an ounce a day
- your infant between 3 and 6 months gains less than 0.67 ounces a day
- your child of any age has been growing steadily and suddenly stops growing
Although you should always discuss slow weight gain with your child’s doctor, it is less of a concern when:
- your newborn wakes up on their own and wants to feed 8 to 12 times a day
- your baby is growing at a steady rate
- your baby has about the same number of wet and dirty diapers as other babies
How we care for slow weight gain
The Growth and Nutrition Program at Boston Children's Hospital is a multidisciplinary program of doctors, nurses, dietitians, social workers, behavioral specialists and speech therapists who will work together to determine the causes and treatment for slow weight gain for your child.
We work in partnership with parents, primary care providers, and staff from other disciplines across the hospital to develop an individual long-term treatment plan for each child and address the factors affecting their growth.
If your child’s gain in height is the primary concern, not their weight gain, we may refer your child to the specialists in Department of Endocrinology.
Slow Weight Gain in Infants and Children | Symptoms & Causes
What are the symptoms of slow weight gain?
One of the most obvious symptoms of slow weight gain is size: your child is much smaller than other children their age. This may include weight, height and size of their head.
If your baby is not getting enough calories, you may notice the following symptoms:
- lost interest in the world around them
- extreme sleepiness
- frequent crying and fussiness
- missed physical milestones: not rolling over, sitting up or walking at the same time as other kids their age
What causes slow weight gain?
Several possible factors can cause slow weight gain, from a medical condition to social or financial hardship.
Anything that interferes with a child’s access to food or ability to digest food can impair their growth. Often it is caused by a combination of factors.
Medical causes:
- Premature birth can make it hard for your child to feed until the muscles they use to suck and swallow fully develop.
- Down syndrome can also interfere with a child’s ability to suck and swallow.
- Metabolic disorders like hypoglycemia, galactosemia or phenylketonuria can interfere with the body’s ability to convert food into energy.
- Cystic fibrosis can prevent a child from absorbing calories.
- A food allergy or food intolerance may limit what foods your child can eat without feeling ill.
- Gastroesophageal reflux can cause your child to vomit frequently.
- Anything that causes chronic diarrhea can prevent your child from receiving enough nutrition.
Social and financial causes:
- Parents may not prepare formula correctly or understand how often their infant or child needs to eat.
- Household stress from divorce, death or another disruption can cause a child to stop eating.
- Poverty may make it hard for parents to provide enough food for their children.
Slow Weight Gain in Infants and Children | Diagnosis & Treatments
How is slow weight gain diagnosed?
Since slow weight gain is not a specific condition but the result of other factors, your child’s doctor will focus on discovering the underlying cause. Diagnosis typically starts with a full medical history and physical exam. The doctor will also review your child’s pattern of weight gain in relation to the standard growth curves.
Screening tests may include a blood count, screening studies for celiac disease, thyroid hormones, serum electrolytes and urinalysis.
How is slow weight gain treated?
Treatment depends on what is preventing a child from gaining weight. If the cause is an underlying medical condition, your child’s doctor may focus on treating that condition.
If poor nutrition is contributing to your child’s slow weight gain, a nutritionist may work with you to develop a plan for providing your child a well-balanced diet.
If your child has trouble chewing or swallowing, a speech pathologist will provide strategies to develop the necessary muscles.
If your child seems healthy but refuses to eat, a behavioral psychologist may be able to help your child and you work through issues that lead to this behavior.
Depending on your child’s age and underlying medical condition, more aggressive forms of nutritional support, such as a feeding tube may be necessary. This intervention may be temporary until your child develops healthy eating habits that support their growth and development.
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Newborn weight by months: weight gain norms, table
09/23/2019 Reading time: 5 min 370468
Contents of the article
- Importance of newborn weight gain
- Weight loss
- Causes of subsequent poor weight gain
- Overweight gain
- How does the increase in body weight of a newborn by months occur?
- Pediatricians assess weight gain
- What to do if your child is not gaining weight correctly
The fastest weight gain of a newborn occurs in the first three months - during this period, the child adds 25-30 g every day.
Then the daily weight gain slows down:
- 20-25 g per day from 3 to 6 months.
- 15-20 - 6 to 9 months.
- 10–15 y – 9 to 12 months***.
Importance of newborn baby weight gain
It so happened that parents almost always closely monitor the weight gain of the newborn and worry if it seems insufficient to them.
On the one hand, their worries are justified: compliance with the increase rate is an important criterion for an adequate diet. An adequate diet, in turn, is defined as nutrition “with enough energy, protein and micronutrients to meet the growing nutritional needs of a child”*. Accordingly, if the child is not gaining weight, this can be one of the easily monitored signs of malnutrition. That is why, from the very moment of birth, even in the maternity hospital, doctors begin regular monitoring of the child's body weight.
On the other hand, there really is reason to worry only if the doctor has identified deviations from the norm.
If it just seems to parents that the child has lost weight or, on the contrary, has gained weight, this does not mean anything. In the first year of life, the baby not only intensively rounds, but also quickly stretches. Therefore, even if outwardly it seems that he, for example, has lost weight, this may be due to the fact that the height of the child has sharply increased.
Let's take a closer look at what is considered the norm, what are the deviations and what to do with them.
Weight loss
The first important nuance that young parents regularly forget about and because of this worry in vain: do not wait for weight gain in the first days of a child's life. Moreover, in the first few days there is a natural physiological weight loss: “Healthy full-term babies lose an average of 6% of their original body weight, and premature babies lose up to 10-12%” **.
What caused such a decrease in weight:
- The child loses fluid stores through the skin and when breathing (through the lungs).
- The body adapts to a different type of food.
- The child experiences stress with a sudden change in environment.
- Urine and original stools (meconium) that have accumulated during fetal development are excreted.
For these reasons, it is absolutely normal when a child is discharged from the hospital with a lower weight than he was immediately after birth. A healthy full-term baby compensates for this loss around the 7th–10th day of life;
And after that, weight gain will begin, which was written at the very beginning of this article.Causes of subsequent poor weight gain
It also happens that a child in the first year of life is really gaining weight poorly. The most common reasons are listed below.
- Digestive disorders
- Allergy.
- Frequent regurgitation.
- Insufficient or unbalanced nutrition.
- Delayed introduction of complementary foods.
- Initially low weight and height at birth.
Note that malnutrition is only one of the causes of poor weight gain. Therefore, without knowing the true reason, you should not immediately sound the alarm and transfer the child to enhanced nutrition. Seeing a doctor is a good idea though. The hospital will give you accurate weight changes (maybe it's actually ok) and help you find the cause if something is really wrong.
Overweight gain
There is also the opposite problem: the rate of weight gain in a newborn is exceeded, or, more simply, the child becomes overweight. Evidence of this may be not only excess fat, but also signs such as pale skin, too short neck, diaper rash, low tissue elasticity.
What can cause excess weight gain?
- Excessive and/or excessive feeding.
- Unbalanced diet.
- Edema (fluid retention in the body).
- Increased blood insulin.
- Errors in the choice of complementary foods.
It is easy to guess by analogy with the previous paragraph: if a child is overweight, you do not need to immediately and independently cut down the number of feedings for him - because the reason may be far from only that the baby eats a lot.
How does the increase in body weight of a newborn by months occur?
It is important to remember that the values in the table are averaged. It is normal that the weight of the child grows unevenly: today there is no increase at all, tomorrow it is double. In addition, weight gain depends on many factors - for example, on physical activity. As the child begins to sit and then actively crawl, weight gain naturally slows down.
Healthy, but premature babies, as a rule, grow faster than full-term ones - their body tries to catch up with what it did not have time to receive before birth.
Pediatricians assess weight gain
One common way is to use centile weight charts for the newborn. These are tables that indicate the average anthropometric indicators (height, weight, head and chest circumference) based on mass examinations of children. In such a study there are no calculations - only measurements - therefore it is quite simple, although laborious, since many factors have to be evaluated and tabulated.
Centile tables also have more modern alternatives. For example, MD. R. R. Kildiyarova points out that “the updated versions of the WHO Anthro and WHO AnthroPLUS physical development analysis proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) have a Russian-language option, consist of an anthropometric calculator, allow for an individual assessment of the child’s parameters <…> The method for today relevant and modern, requires all kinds of propaganda and widespread implementation” ****.
It is important to understand that when assessing the adequacy of the development of an infant, a pediatrician takes into account far more than just weight tables and other anthropometric indicators. The doctor evaluates the neuropsychic, physical development, general health - and on the basis of all the data collected, he already concludes whether the child is developing within the normal range or there are deviations.
What to do if your child is not gaining weight correctly
First, don't panic.
If you find that the child’s weight gain does not fit into the parameters that are given in this article, this is a reason to ask a pediatrician a question and nothing more.
Secondly, do not begin to correct the child's weight on your own, by changing his diet and frequency of feedings or forcing him to be more physically active.
Thirdly, wait for the doctor's conclusion and act in accordance with his instructions.
* Item 13.10 of the provisional agenda of the Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly, "Infant and young child nutrition", 16 April 2002
** Guidelines No. 35 "Morphometric and psychomotor development of a child in the first year of life." GBUZ "Scientific and Practical Center for Child Psychoneurology of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow", 2014.
***Methodological recommendations No. 35 "Morphometric and psychomotor development of a child in the first year of life." GBUZ "Scientific and Practical Center for Child Psychoneurology of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow", 2014.
****Kildiyarova R.R. Assessment of the physical development of newborns and young children. Rosvestn perinatol and pediatrician 2017; 62:(6): 62–68. DOI: 10.21508/1027–4065–2017–62–6–62–68
(3 ratings; article rating 3.7)
Table of growth and weight of children under one year by months: norms and deviations in gains
09/23/2019 Reading time: 5 min 345650
a day the child adds 25–30 g. Then the daily weight gain slows down:
- 20-25 g per day from 3 to 6 months.
- 15-20 - 6 to 9 months.
- 10–15 y – 9 to 12 months***.
The Importance of Newborn Weight Gain
It so happens that parents almost always closely monitor their newborn's weight gain and worry if it seems insufficient to them.
On the one hand, their worries are justified: compliance with the increase rate is an important criterion for an adequate diet.
An adequate diet, in turn, is defined as nutrition “with sufficient energy, protein and micronutrients to meet a child's growing nutritional needs”*.
Accordingly, if the child is not gaining weight, this can be one of the easily monitored signs of malnutrition. That is why, from the very moment of birth, even in the maternity hospital, doctors begin regular monitoring of the child's body weight.
On the other hand, there is really reason to worry only if the doctor has identified abnormalities. If it just seems to parents that the child has lost weight or, on the contrary, has gained weight, this does not mean anything.
In the first year of life, the baby not only rounds intensively, but also quickly stretches.
Therefore, even if outwardly it seems that, for example, he has lost weight, this may be due to the fact that the child's height has increased dramatically.
Let's take a closer look at what is considered the norm, what are the deviations and what to do with them.
Loss of body weight
The first important nuance that young parents regularly forget about and because of this worry in vain: do not expect weight gain in the first days of a child's life. Moreover, in the first few days there is a natural physiological weight loss: “Healthy full-term babies lose an average of 6% of their original body weight, and premature babies lose up to 10-12%” **.
What causes such a decrease in weight:
- The child loses fluid reserves through the skin and when breathing (through the lungs).
- The body adapts to a different type of food.
- The child experiences stress with a sudden change in environment.
- Urine and original stools (meconium) that have accumulated during fetal development are excreted.
For these reasons, it is absolutely normal for a baby to be discharged from the hospital with a lower weight than it was immediately after birth. A healthy full-term baby compensates for this loss around the 7th–10th day of life;
And after that, weight gain will begin, which was written about at the very beginning of this article.
Causes of subsequent poor weight gain
It also happens that a child in the first year of life does not gain weight really well. The most common reasons are listed below.
- Digestive disorders
- Allergy.
- Frequent regurgitation.
- Insufficient or unbalanced nutrition.
- Late introduction of complementary foods.
- Initially low weight and height at birth.
Please note that malnutrition is only one of the causes of poor weight gain. Therefore, without knowing the true reason, you should not immediately sound the alarm and transfer the child to enhanced nutrition. Seeing a doctor is a good idea though. The hospital will give you accurate weight changes (maybe it's actually ok) and help you find the cause if something is really wrong.
Excess weight gain
There is also the opposite problem: the rate of weight gain in a newborn is exceeded, or, in other words, the child becomes overweight. Evidence of this may be not only excess fat, but also signs such as pale skin, too short neck, diaper rash, low tissue elasticity.
What causes excessive weight gain?
- Excessive and/or excessive feeding.
- Unbalanced diet.
- Edema (fluid retention in the body).
- Increased blood insulin.
- Errors in the choice of complementary foods.
It is easy to guess by analogy with the previous point: if a child is overweight, you do not need to immediately and independently cut down the number of feedings for him - because the reason may be far from only that the baby eats a lot.
How does the increase in body weight of a newborn by months occur?
It is important to remember that the values in the table are averaged. It is normal that the weight of the child grows unevenly: today there is no increase at all, tomorrow it is double. In addition, weight gain depends on many factors - for example, on physical activity.
As the child begins to sit and then actively crawl, weight gain naturally slows down.
Healthy, but premature babies, as a rule, grow faster than full-term ones - their body tries to catch up with what it did not have time to receive before birth.
Pediatricians assess weight gain
One common method is to use centile weight gain charts for the newborn.
These are tables that indicate the average anthropometric indicators (height, weight, head and chest circumference) based on mass examinations of children.
In such a study there are no calculations - only measurements - therefore it is quite simple, although laborious, since many factors have to be evaluated and tabulated.
Centile tables have more modern alternatives. For example, MD. R. R.
Kildiyarova points out that “the updated versions of the WHO Anthro and WHO AnthroPLUS physical development analysis proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) have a Russian-language option, consist of an anthropometric calculator, allow for an individual assessment of the child’s parameters.
The method is relevant and modern today, requires all kinds of propaganda and wide introduction”****.
It is important to understand that when assessing the adequacy of a baby's development, a pediatrician takes into account far more than weight tables and other anthropometric indicators. The doctor evaluates the neuropsychic, physical development, general health - and on the basis of all the data collected, he already concludes whether the child is developing within the normal range or there are deviations.
What to do if your child is gaining weight incorrectly
First, don't panic. If you find that the child’s weight gain does not fit into the parameters that are given in this article, this is a reason to ask a pediatrician a question and nothing more.
Second, don't start adjusting your baby's weight on your own by changing the baby's diet and frequency of feedings, or making him more physically active.
Thirdly, wait for the doctor's opinion and act in accordance with his instructions.
* Item 13.10 of the provisional agenda of the Fifty-fifth World Health Assembly "Nutrition for infants and young children" 16 April 2002
** Guideline No. 35 "Morphometric and psychomotor development of the first year of life". GBUZ "Scientific and Practical Center for Child Psychoneurology of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow", 2014.
***Methodological recommendations No. 35 "Morphometric and psychomotor development of a child in the first year of life." GBUZ "Scientific and Practical Center for Child Psychoneurology of the Department of Health of the City of Moscow", 2014.
**** Kildiyarova R.R. Assessment of the physical development of newborns and young children. Rosvestn perinatol and pediatrician 2017; 62:(6): 62–68. DOI: 10.21508/1027–4065–2017–62–6–62–68
(3 ratings; article rating 3.7)
Baby's weight in the first year of life by months | Height and weight by month
Our grandmothers determined the health of a child by the number of wrinkles on the arms and legs - the more, the better.
But today, every mother carefully monitors the weight of her crumbs, because she understands that this is an indicator of his physical and mental health. It is important for parents to know the norms of weight gain in children of the first year of life.
It is during this period that the baby grows and develops very intensively. And timely weight control helps to understand whether everything is going according to plan.
The first thing doctors do after the baby is born is to weigh and measure the height while assessing the baby on the Apgar scale.
It is these indicators that make it possible to understand the state of the newborn in the first minutes of life and, accordingly, to foresee some patterns of the child's development in the future.
Babies are usually born weighing between 3 and 4 kg. Of course, everyone's indicators are different, as they depend on many factors, for example, heredity or mother's health.
And in the first days of life, many newborns experience weight loss, which is associated with adaptation to the outside world and the removal of excess fluid from the body.
The norm is a decrease in weight by 6-10%.
Then the baby gets accustomed to the new environment, the diet is adjusted, and he begins to actively grow and gain weight.
Table of weight gain in the first year of life
| Age | Boys, weight gain, g | Girls, weight gain, g | Average monthly gain, g | Average increase in height, cm |
| 1 month | 400 - 1200 | 400 – 900 | 750 | 3 - 3.5 |
| 2 month | 400 - 1500 | 400 - 1300 | 750 | 3 - 3.5 |
| 3 months | 600 – 1300 | 500 – 1200 | 750 | 3 - 3.5 |
| 4 months | 400 - 1200 | 500 – 1100 | 700 | 2. 5 |
| 5 month | 400 - 1200 | 300 - 1000 | 700 | 2.5 |
| 6 months | 400 – 1000 | 300 - 1000 | 700 | 2.5 |
| 7 month | 200 – 1000 | 200 - 800 | 550 | 1.5 - 2 |
| 8 month | 200 - 800 | 200 - 800 | 550 | 1.5 - 2 |
| 9 month | 200 - 800 | 100 - 600 | 550 | 1.5 - 2 |
| 10 month | 100 - 600 | 100 – 500 | 350 | 1 |
| 11 months | 100 - 500 | 100 – 500 | 350 | 1 |
| 12 month | 100 – 500 | 100 – 500 | 350 | 1 |
Control weighing
Legends and anecdotes make up the anxiety of young mothers.
The pranksters don't understand that the responsibility for a new life is a burden to get used to. But parents should not go too far. Yes, in the first days in the hospital, a newborn is weighed daily. Sometimes doctors threaten not to let them go home until they gain weight.
A woman panics and buys a scale for her child. Then he weighs the baby every day according to all the rules (in the morning before feeding, after emptying the intestines and bladder).
But this does not bring her peace. Because newborns gain weight not linearly, but in jumps. It is optimal to measure the child's weight once a week or a month.
The average increase is usually 90-200 grams per week in the first six months.
The local pediatrician weighs the child every month in the first year of life. And evaluates body weight gain, taking into account previous indicators. Quarterly numbers will say more than daily weigh-ins.
In addition, it is important to understand that there are a number of individual factors that affect weight gain:
- Child's health.
Healthy children have a good appetite and therefore grow faster. - Weight at birth. Children with low body weight in the first months of life gain weight faster. This is especially noticeable, for example, at the birth of twins.
- Age. In the first three months, babies gain weight faster, and at 10-12 months their weight changes very slightly
- Physical activity. In mobile babies, weight grows more slowly than in their peers who are not so active.
- Type of feeding. Children on artificial or mixed feeding recover faster than babies.
Features of weight gain in the first half of the year
If a newborn can lose weight in the first week of life, then by the end of the first month the indicators not only level out, but already go up. The next two months are the time of maximum growth.
On average, a baby gains 750-800 grams per month. However, there are more.
So, for example, an increase of 1.5 kg in thirty days during this period will also be the norm, because in the first trimester all the vital systems of the child are actively developing:
- nervous system
- musculoskeletal system
- activation of the functions of all internal organs and systems.
From the fourth month, the intensity of weight gain decreases, which worries many parents. But there is no cause for concern. At this age, the child begins to move more, to explore the world, so it becomes more difficult to maintain the same growth rate. In the first six months of a child's life, the monthly weight gain should not be less than 400 grams.
Features of weight gain in the second half of the year
In the second half of a child's life, the dynamics of weight gain also tends to decrease. The baby becomes more and more mobile, and physical and mental development require a lot of energy. In addition, this is the time to introduce complementary foods, since breast milk is no longer enough for the baby. And this process is slow and difficult.
From 7 to 9 months, the average baby gains 500 grams per month. And from 10 to 12 months and even less, about 100 - 300 grams per month. Normally, the weight of the baby doubles by six months, and by the year the baby becomes three times heavier than at birth.
That is, if a child was born with a body weight of about 3 kilograms, then by the year he should weigh about 9-10 kilograms.
Why did the child stop gaining weight
However, there are times when the child gains weight too slowly or does not gain weight at all. Then it is necessary to identify the cause and not let the situation take its course.
Possible causes of insufficient weight gain in a child in the first year of life:
- Illness. Because, when you feel unwell, your baby’s appetite worsens. In addition, in the first months of life, the absence or insufficient weight gain may indicate pathological problems with the nervous, cardiovascular, or gastrointestinal systems.
- Stressful situation: change in family circumstances, mother's stress, etc.
- Nutrient deficiency.
The last point deserves special attention. If the baby is breastfed, then there is a chance that the quality of mother's milk is not high enough.
Then the mother should reconsider her diet, or switch to a mixed type of feeding.
The possibility that the baby simply does not have enough mother's milk cannot be ruled out. Such babies, as a rule, are restless, sleep poorly and urinate little (less than 6-8 times a day). If the situation cannot be corrected, then you should think about mixed or artificial feeding.
Those parents who choose this option should, together with the pediatrician, choose the formula and develop a regimen for introducing it into the child's diet. At the same time, of course, it is desirable to continue breastfeeding at least in a limited mode.
Modern advanced doctors today recommend giving newborns and children in the second half of life mixtures based on goat's milk. Firstly, it is closest in its characteristics to the chest.
Secondly, due to its characteristics and physical and chemical properties, it is better absorbed and digested, which increases the amount of nutrients entering the child's body.
Pediatricians call for Kabrita® mixtures. These mixtures are known all over the world for their unique composition. In addition to their base - goat's milk, they are enriched with a unique fat complex, a vitamin and mineral complex.
Omega fatty acids, an effective combination of prebiotics GOS and FOS, as well as live bifidobacteria Bifidobacterium BB-12 (probiotics) are added to the mixture. All this helps the child not only get enough, but also get all the necessary nutrients for proper development.
This composition contributes to the formation of the protective forces of the baby's body.
Individual features
Despite the tables of norms for weight gain, parents should not forget that each baby is unique, and his height and weight has individual dynamics of development. Common sense and elementary logic should not yield under the pressure of general recommendations from the Internet. Deviations from the average are very common.
So, for example, it is worth mentioning that for boys and girls, indicators in grams per month can differ significantly.
Girls gain less weight than their male peers. The difference is usually less than 20%.
If your baby is active, calm, has a good appetite, and the skills are age-appropriate, then there is no need to worry that the weight does not fall within the normal range. Most likely, this is his individual norm.
Grow, grow, baby - articles from the specialists of the clinic "Mother and Child"
Important dimensions
Indeed, height, body weight, and also the size of the circumference of the head and chest are the main indicators by which physical development is assessed newborn baby.
Small or, conversely, large weight, the ratio of the circumference of the head and chest, the height of the baby - these are not just dry numbers, they can be used to suggest or exclude some diseases of the newborn. That is why, as soon as the baby is born, it is immediately measured, weighed and entered into the medical record.
Then in the first year of life, the height, weight, chest and head circumference of the baby should be measured once a month, because the baby is growing very rapidly at this time.
Term newborns are usually 46–56 cm tall. Boys are generally longer than girls, but if the parents are tall, the newborn girl may be significantly taller than the average newborn boy.
What happens to the growth of children in the first year of life? During this period, the child grows most intensively - by as much as 20–25 cm! In the future, such a significant increase in growth will no longer be.
After the first year, the growth rate decreases slightly: in the second year of life, the child grows by 8-12 cm, in the third - by 10 cm. After three years, it is considered normal if the child grows at least 4 cm per year.
It is known that the height of children increases unevenly , in jumps. For example, there are seasonal and daily dynamics. Many parents notice that during the summer the child stretches more than at other times of the year. The first growth spurt usually occurs at the age of 4-5 years.
The next usually falls on adolescence - the beginning of puberty.
At this time, children grow very quickly - up to 8-10 cm per year and even more.
Moreover, this happens in boys and girls, at different ages - girls “start” 1–2 years earlier, but then boys catch up with them and overtake them.
Interesting fact: those parts of the body that are farthest from the head grow faster (that is, the baby’s foot grows faster than the lower leg, and the lower leg, in turn, faster than the thigh), this is due to the age-related change in body proportions child.
What influences growth
How a child will gain weight and grow in length depends on hereditary data, on his nutrition and on the quality of life in general. If mom and dad are tall, then the height of their son or daughter will most likely also be the same.
Boys usually grow up in the same way as their father (or male relative - uncle, grandfather), and girls follow the scenario of the "female line" (mother, grandmother, aunt).
So if the father of a child up to a certain age was the last or penultimate in physical education in the ranks of his peers, and as a teenager he grew sharply in one summer, then it is likely that his son will also have the same growth rates.
There are formulas that allow you to calculate your child's genetic height. However depending on some other factors, the height of the child may be more or less, differ from the calculated one up to 10 cm!
- Girls = (father's height in centimeters + mother's height in centimeters)/2 - 6.5 cm.
- Boys = (father's height in cm + mother's height in cm)/2 + 6.5 cm.
- And, of course, the quality of a child’s life is of great importance: if he grows up in good living conditions, often happens in the fresh air (sunbaths are especially important), if they do a lot of work with him, pay attention to health, then growth and weight gain will appropriate for his age.
It has also been established that children grow up in their sleep. Growth hormone is released into the blood at night when the baby is fast asleep. Most of the hormone is produced between 22 and 24 hours, and only during deep sleep.
So that in order for a child to grow well, he must sleep at this time, and not just sleep - his sleep must already be deep.
In addition, sleep should still be long enough: up to 12-14 years old, a child should sleep at least 10 hours, teenagers - at least 8.
The growth of the child must be closely monitored. There is such a condition as growth hormone deficiency (somatotropic insufficiency) - often this is a congenital disease. A child's pituitary gland produces very little growth hormone (GH) from birth.
A child is born with normal height and weight, and then begins to grow poorly: at 2 years old, instead of the average 80-85 cm, he has a height of 78-80 cm. By the age of five, this lag is more and more noticeable, and every year the child is more and more behind in growth from peers.
If such a child is not treated, then as an adult he will have a small stature: men less than 140 cm, women less than 130 cm. , and then he grows well.
Record your baby's growth about once a year at the same time. If a child grows 4 cm per year after 4 years, this is normal, but if less, then this is a cause for concern.
When getting the results of measuring your baby, you need to remember that all children are different, and it is not necessary for every baby to reach the average height by a certain age.
It is necessary to take into account growth at birth, as well as the rate of increase of these indicators: for example, a newborn with a height of 48 cm can differ significantly in anthropometric parameters from a child born with a height of 55 cm and a weight of 4000 g.
And this is completely normal - good when there is diversity in the world!
- The norm for a newborn is :
- height: 46 to 56 cm
- Monthly growth increase :
- 1-3 months: 3-3.5 cm monthly (total 9-10.5 cm)
- 3-6 months: 2.5 cm monthly (about 7.
5 cm total) - 6-9 months: 1.5-2 cm monthly (4.5-6 cm total)
- 9-12 months: 1 cm per month (3 cm total)
- Average growth rates in 1 year:
- height 75 cm
70% of growth hormone is produced between 22 and 24 hours, and only during deep sleep. It turns out that at this time a child of any age should not just sleep, but see the tenth dream - and deep. Therefore, in order to grow well, up to 12-14 years old you need to sleep at least 10 hours, teenagers - at least 8
Health problems can affect growth. For example, chronic diseases of the respiratory system, heart and blood vessels, gastrointestinal tract, hormonal disorders. Regular intake of drugs containing glucocorticosteroid hormones (for example, to relieve asthma attacks) also slows down growth.
How to influence the growth of a child
- In order for a child to grow, the body needs amino acids, which can only be obtained from complete protein.
60% of the protein food should be dairy products, eggs, fish, poultry, meat - in general, animal products. They should not be very fatty, as fat inhibits the production of growth hormone. - Carbohydrates provide energy for growth, but they must be obtained from cereals and grain dishes. Sweets, which do not contain fiber, slow down the production of growth hormone. Uncrushed cereals (buckwheat, millet, pearl barley, etc.), on the contrary, increase the synthesis of growth hormone.
- Vitamins and minerals are also important for growth. Especially vitamin D, the lack of which develops rickets.
- Don't forget calcium and iodine. Calcium increases the volume and strength of bones, iodine is part of the thyroid hormones, which also affect growth.
- The general routine of the day is also important: the child should not be overloaded both physically and psychologically. He should walk a lot and sleep well.
Tables of weight and height of the child by months and by years.
For boys and girls The height and weight of a child are the main indicators of his physical development. That is why immediately after the birth of the baby, it is imperative to measure the weight of his body and the length of the body and continue to weigh himself daily at the same time until discharge from the hospital.
There are many factors that affect the physical development of a child, for example:
How to understand what is the norm?
The All-Russian Health Organization recommended special tables for matching the height and weight of children, or as they are called, centile tables.
At each examination, the pediatrician measures the height and weight of the child, compares the obtained values with the normative indicators.
Such tables make it possible to identify obvious pathologies; for a more accurate analysis, the doctor calculates additional indicators using special formulas.
Monthly infant weight and height chart (up to 1 year)
The table shows the average height and weight of infants (under 1 year of age) by month for boys and girls.
| Age | Girls | Boys | ||
| Weight kg | Height, cm | Weight kg | Height, kg | |
| Newborns | 3. 33 ± 0.44 | 49.50 ± 1.63 | 3.53 ± 0.45 | 50.43 ± 1.89 |
| 1 month | 4.15 ± 0.54 | 53.51 ± 2.13 | 4.32 ± 0.64 | 54.53 ± 2.32 |
| 2 months | 5.01 ± 0.56 | 56.95 ± 2.18 | 5.29 ± 0.76 | 57.71 ± 2.48 |
| 3 months | 6.07 ± 0.58 | 60.25 ± 2.09 | 6.26 ± 0.72 | 61.30 ± 2.41 |
| 4 months | 6.55 ± 0.79 | 62.15 ± 2.49 | 6.87 ± 0.74 | 63.79 ± 2.68 |
| 5 months | 7.38 ± 0.96 | 63.98 ± 2.49 | 7.82 ± 0.80 | 66.92 ± 1.99 |
| 6 months | 7.97 ± 0.92 | 66.60 ± 2.44 | 8.77 ± 0.78 | 67.95 ± 2.21 |
| 7 months | 8. 25 ± 0.95 | 67.44 ± 2.64 | 8.92 ± 1.11 | 69.56 ± 2.61 |
| 8 months | 8.35 ± 1.10 | 69.84 ± 2.07 | 9.46 ± 0.98 | 71.17 ± 2.24 |
| 9 months | 9.28 ± 1.01 | 70.69 ± 2.21 | 9.89 ± 1.18 | 72.84 ± 2.71 |
| 10 months | 9.52 ± 1.35 | 72.11 ± 2.86 | 10.35 ± 1.12 | 73.91 ± 2.65 |
| 11 months | 9.80 ± 0.80 | 73.60 ± 2.73 | 10.47 ± 0.98 | 74.90 ± 2.55 |
| 12 months | 10.04 ± 1.16 | 74.78 ± 2.54 | 10.66 ± 1.21 | 75.78 ± 2.79 |
Table of weight and height of the child by years (from 1 to 18 years)
The table shows the average height and weight of a child by year aged 1 to 18 for boys and girls.
| Age | Girls | Boys | ||
| Weight kg | Height, cm | Weight kg | Height, kg | |
| 1 year 3 months | 10.52 ± 1.27 | 76.97 ± 3.00 | 11.40 ± 1.30 | 79.45 ± 3.56 |
| 1 year 6 months | 11.40 ± 1.12 | 80.80 ± 2.98 | 11.80 ± 1.18 | 81.73 ± 3.34 |
| 1 year 9 months | 12.27 ± 1.37 | 83.75 ± 3.57 | 12.67 ± 1.41 | 84.51 ± 2.85 |
| 2 years | 12.63 ± 1.76 | 86.13 ± 3.87 | 13.04 ± 1.23 | 88.27 ± 3.70 |
| 2 years 6 months | 13.93 ± 1. 60 | 91.20 ± 4.28 | 13.96 ± 1.27 | 81.85 ± 3.78 |
| 3 years | 14.85 ± 1.53 | 97.27 ± 3.78 | 14.95 ± 1.68 | 95.72 ± 3.68 |
| 4 years | 16.02 ± 2.30 | 100.56 ± 5.76 | 17.14 ± 2.18 | 102.44 ± 4.74 |
| 5 years | 18.48 ± 2.44 | 109.00 ± 4.72 | 19.70 ± 3.02 | 110.40 ± 5.14 |
| 6 years | 21.34 ± 3.14 | 115.70 ± 4.32 | 21.9 ± 3.20 | 115.98 ± 5.51 |
| 7 years | 24.66 ± 4.08 | 123.60 ± 5.50 | 24.92 ± 4.44 | 123.88 ± 5.40 |
| 8 years | 27.48 ± 4.92 | 129.00 ± 5.48 | 27.86 ± 4.72 | 129.74 ± 5.70 |
| 9 years | 31. 02 ± 5.92 | 136.96 ± 6.10 | 30.60 ± 5.86 | 134.64 ± 6.12 |
| 10 years | 34.32 ± 6.40 | 140.30 ± 6.30 | 33.76 ± 5.26 | 140.33 ± 5.60 |
| 11 years old | 37.40 ± 7.06 | 144.58 ± 7.08 | 35.44 ± 6.64 | 143.38 ± 5.72 |
| 12 years old | 44.05 ± 7.48 | 152.81 ± 7.01 | 41.25 ± 7.40 | 150.05 ± 6.40 |
| 13 years old | 48.70 ± 9.16 | 156.85 ± 6.20 | 45.85 ± 8.26 | 156.65 ± 8.00 |
| 14 years | 51.32 ± 7.30 | 160.86 ± 6.36 | 51.18 ± 7.34 | 162.62 ± 7.34 |
| 15 years | 56.65 ± 9.85 | 161.80 ± 7.40 | 56.50 ± 13.50 | 168. 10 ± 9.50 |
| 16 years old | 58.00 ± 9.60 | 162.70 ± 7.50 | 62.40 ± 14.10 | 172.60 ± 9.40 |
| 17 years old | 58.60 ± 9.40 | 163.10 ± 7.30 | 67.35 ± 12.75 | 176.30 ± 9.70 |
Deviations of weight or height from the table values
There is no need to panic at the minimum discrepancy with the indicated values in the table, and here's why:
- should be the weight and height of the child, without taking into account many other factors . Sometimes parents of premature babies mistakenly use a standard table for comparison, while there are special tables for assessing the development of children born prematurely.
- Each child's rate of growth and weight gain is unique . In the first year of life, babies develop in leaps and bounds. For example, during the period of introducing complementary foods, the weight of the baby may not reach the “norm” due to adaptation to a new type of food, and not because of pathology.
This does not mean that deviations from the norm should be ignored , but it is better to regard them as an occasion to pay attention and consult a specialist in order to identify possible health problems, or to make sure that they are not.
What can cause obvious deviations from the norm?
Earlier we talked about minor deviations from the norm and that there is no need to be scared if your child is not growing and gaining weight strictly according to the chart. But what to do if the values of the essential have gone beyond the limits of the permissible parameters , or are at the junction of the norm and pathology?
Reasons for possible deviations can be divided into two groups:
1. Non-endocrine:
- Constitutional stunting . Or in another way, the syndrome of late puberty. One of the variants of the norm, when the puberty jump occurs later than in other children.
- Family short stature . It has a hereditary predisposition, in the family of such children there are relatives with short stature. Growth retardation manifests itself from early childhood.
- Prematurity, prenatal and postnatal trauma.
- Genetic syndromes . As a rule, they have many clinical manifestations, one of which is growth retardation.
- Chronic diseases of the cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary systems, gastrointestinal tract, as well as anemia.
- Fasting .
- Taking certain medications .
2. Endocrine:
- Growth hormone deficiency . Biologically active substance, which is the main regulator of the growth process after 2 years.
- Deficiency of thyroid hormones . More often of a congenital nature, it is clinically characterized by a delay in physical and intellectual development from birth.
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus . A disease in which, due to insulin deficiency, the flow of glucose into the cells of the body is impaired, the so-called. "starvation" of cells, as a result, growth rates slow down.
- Itsenko-Cushing's disease (or syndrome) . At the same time, the production of hormones of the adrenal cortex, glucocorticoids, is increased, which in large doses leads to a violation of the secretion of growth hormone.
- Rickets . A lack of vitamin D leads to bone destruction and skeletal deformities, which in turn is manifested, among other things, by a decrease in growth.
- Other rare disorders of the endocrine system.
As you can see, there are quite a few reasons.
If the child's growth is stunted, parents should consult a doctor to identify the causes of short stature and correct it in time.
Which specialist should I contact? For starters, you should make an appointment with a pediatrician.
Also, in most cases, consultation with a pediatric endocrinologist is required.
Remember that for the normal growth of a child, a complete, balanced diet with enough vitamins and microelements, as well as dosed physical activity is necessary.
Height and weight gain for children of the first year of life. Tables
Dear Parents, Your baby is growing and you are worried about whether he is gaining enough weight and height. For control, there are centile tables for assessing the physical development of children, weight and height indicators.
At the same time, you must remember that each baby is individual, he cannot grow according to the textbook. These weight and height recommendations are based on an average number of children and 10% deviation is normal. In addition, the centile corridor from 25% to 75% is an average physical indicator.
That is why they say: Physical development is mesosomatic, macrosomatic, microsomatic.
It is important that the weight and height indicators are in the same centile corridor, but no more than two adjacent ones.
Then we can talk about harmonious development. If the gap is more than two centile corridors, the development is disharmonious.
Then we can think either about an unbalanced diet or about a pathology associated with obesity (paratrophy), or protein-energy deficiency (hypotrophy). In addition, one should not forget about the constitutional features of the child, about genetic predisposition.
Therefore, in no case should you compare your child with the neighbor's. To talk about the health of a child, we evaluate his condition according to many criteria. This is neuropsychic development, laboratory examination data, anamnesis, heredity.
How many times in my practice have I met children who gained 400-450 g in weight every month, by the year they barely gained 7.8-8 kg. But at the same time, children already at 10 months began to walk, pronounce syllables, and follow complex instructions.
We will talk about weight and height gain for term babies.
In preterm infants, rates of weight gain and height differ according to the degree of prematurity. In addition, children can be born with intrauterine malnutrition.
Tables for girls and boys are different in terms of numerical indicators, but at 1 year of age these differences are quite minimal.
Centile tables for assessing the physical development of girls from 0 to 12 months.
| Body length (height), see centiles in % | Age in months | Body weight, kg. Centiles in % | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 97 | 3 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 97 | |
| 45.8 | 47.5 | 49.8 | 50.7 | 52.0 | 53.1 | 53.9 | 0 | 2.6 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 3.3 | 3.7 | 3. 9 | 4.1 |
| 48.5 | 50.3 | 52.1 | 53.5 | 55.0 | 56.1 | 57.3 | 1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.7 | 5.1 |
| 51.2 | 53.3 | 55.2 | 56.8 | 58.0 | 59.3 | 60.6 | 2 | 3.8 | 4.2 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.9 |
| 54.0 | 56.2 | 57.6 | 59.3 | 67.7 | 61.8 | 63.6 | 3 | 4.4 | 4.8 | 5.2 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.7 |
| 56.7 | 58.4 | 60.0 | 61.2 | 62.8 | 64.0 | 65.7 | 4 | 5.0 | 5.4 | 5.8 | 6.2 | 6. 6 | 7.0 | 7.5 |
| 59.1 | 60.8 | 62.0 | 63.8 | 65.1 | 66.0 | 68.0 | 5 | 5.5 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.7 | 8.1 |
| 60.8 | 62.5 | 64.1 | 65.5 | 67.1 | 68.8 | 70.0 | 6 | 5.9 | 6.3 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.7 |
| 62.7 | 64.1 | 65.9 | 67.5 | 69.2 | 70.4 | 71.9 | 7 | 6.4 | 6.8 | 7.3 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 8.9 | 9.3 |
| 64.5 | 66.0 | 67.5 | 69.0 | 70.5 | 72.5 | 73.7 | 8 | 6.7 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8. 2 | 8.8 | 9.3 | 9.7 |
| 66.0 | 67.5 | 69.1 | 70.2 | 72.0 | 74.1 | 75.5 | 9 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 9.7 | 10.1 |
| 67.5 | 69.0 | 70.3 | 71.9 | 73.2 | 75.3 | 76.8 | 10 | 7.4 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 10.5 |
| 68.9 | 70.1 | 71.5 | 73.0 | 74.7 | 76.5 | 78.1 | 11 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.5 | 10.9 |
| 70.1 | 71.4 | 72.8 | 74.1 | 75.8 | 78.0 | 79.6 | 12 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9. 0 | 9.6 | 10.2 | 10.8 | 11.3 |
At the same time, up to the age of three months, the child adds 20-30 grams per day daily, respectively, from 140 to 200 per week. If we talk about the average weight gain by months, then it is only 600 g.
per month, such as after birth, a physiological weight loss is noted in a child (with urine, feces, transition from intrauterine feeding to breastfeeding during the adaptation period), approximately 10% of the weight, which is 200-300 grams.
More often, by 3-4 days, the child regains its original weight, and then there is an increase. But I had a case in practice when the child began to gain weight from the 20th day of life, while the girl was active, reflexes were alive, her appetite was good, she could withstand the night interval, stool 4-5 times a day, urination was sufficient, developed according to age.
So don't worry. Our indicator is the well-being of the child.
If the baby is active, eats with appetite, sleep is calm, the skin is clean, physiological functions are not disturbed, be calm, your baby is healthy and not hungry. You see from the table the range of weight per year is from 8 to 13 kg. This is the norm.
There is no reason to run to an endocrinologist, a geneticist, to examine the child.
Or the opposite situation: in the first months of life, a child gains 1-1.5 kg while breastfeeding. If the baby does not have colic, he does not spit up, there are no gastrointestinal manifestations, he is active, the skin is clean, physiological functions are not disturbed - this is also the norm.
Remember how often premature babies quickly gain weight and catch up with their peers by the age of one. And large babies gain weight more slowly. In my entire thirty-year practice, only two children weighed 14-15 kg by the year, although their parents were large and tall.
By the age of three, they weighed almost the same, added only in height, the rest of their peers caught up with them.
| Month | Weight gain in grams |
| 1 | 600.0 |
| 2 | 800.0 |
| 3 | 800.0 |
| 4 | 750.0 |
| 5 | 700.0 |
| 6 | 650.0 |
| 7 | 600.0 |
| 8 | 550.0 |
| 9 | 500.0 |
| 10 | 450.0 |
| 11 | 400.0 |
| 12 | 350.0 |
It is believed that by 4-4.5 months the child should double the weight, and by the end of the year triple.
It happens that the increase in height and weight goes in leaps, seasonality, unevenness, and sometimes asymmetry of growth are noted. Pediatricians are concerned about the circumference of the head and chest, by 2-3 months they should be equal. Further, the breast grows faster.
This is important so as not to miss the pathology.
The younger the child, the faster his growth. In the first 3 months of life, body length increases by 3 cm monthly, in the second quarter by 2.5-2 cm monthly. In the third - 1.5-2 cm, in the fourth - 1 cm monthly. The total growth gain in the first year of life is about 25 cm.
Centile tables for assessing the physical development of boys from 0 to 12 months.
| Body length (height), see centiles in % | Age in months | Body weight, kg Centiles in % | ||||||||||||
| 3 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 97 | 3 | 10 | 25 | 50 | 75 | 90 | 97 | |
| 46.5 | 48.0 | 49.8 | 51.3 | 52.3 | 53.5 | 55.0 | 0 | 2.7 | 2.9 | 3.1 | 3.4 | 3. 7 | 3.9 | 4.4 |
| 49.5 | 51.2 | 52.7 | 54.5 | 55.6 | 56.5 | 57.3 | 1 | 3.3 | 3.6 | 4.0 | 4.3 | 4.7 | 5.1 | 5.4 |
| 53.6 | 53.8 | 55.3 | 57.3 | 58.2 | 59.4 | 60.9 | 2 | 3.9 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.0 | 6.4 |
| 55.3 | 56.5 | 58.1 | 60.0 | 60.9 | 62.0 | 63.8 | 3 | 4.5 | 4.9 | 5.3 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 7.0 | 7.3 |
| 57.5 | 58.7 | 60.6 | 62.0 | 63.1 | 64.5 | 66.3 | 4 | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 6. 5 | 7.2 | 7.6 | 8.1 |
| 59.9 | 61.1 | 62.3 | 64.3 | 65.6 | 67.0 | 68.9 | 5 | 5.6 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 7.8 | 8.3 | 8.8 |
| 61.7 | 63.0 | 64.8 | 66.1 | 67.7 | 69.0 | 71.2 | 6 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 9.4 |
| 63.8 | 65.1 | 66.3 | 68.0 | 69.8 | 71.1 | 73.5 | 7 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 7.6 | 8.2 | 8.9 | 9.5 | 9.9 |
| 65.5 | 66.8 | 68.1 | 70.0 | 71.3 | 73.1 | 75.3 | 8 | 7.1 | 7.5 | 8. 0 | 8.6 | 9.4 | 10.0 | 10.5 |
| 67.3 | 68.2 | 69.8 | 71.3 | 73.2 | 75.1 | 75.5 | 9 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 8.4 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 10.5 | 11.0 |
| 68.8 | 69.1 | 71.2 | 73.0 | 75.1 | 76.9 | 78.8 | 10 | 7.9 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.5 | 10.3 | 10.9 | 11.4 |
| 70.1 | 71.3 | 72.6 | 74.3 | 76.2 | 78.0 | 80.3 | 11 | 8.2 | 8.6 | 9.1 | 9.8 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 11.8 |
| 71.2 | 72.3 | 74.0 | 75.5 | 77.3 | 79.7 | 81.7 | 12 | 8.     Welcome
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