Yeast in pregnancy

Answers to 6 burning questions about yeast infection during pregnancy | Your Pregnancy Matters

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Your Pregnancy Matters

September 20, 2022

Your Pregnancy Matters

Robyn Horsager-Boehrer, M. D. Obstetrics and Gynecology

Yeast infections occur in up to 30% of pregnant women because an increase in estrogen creates a more favorable climate for them.

Vaginal candidiasis, also known as a yeast infection, can be a real pain. The itching, burning, and discharge can be especially worrisome during pregnancy.

In most cases, though, vaginal yeast infections and most treatment options pose minimal risk to the patient or pregnancy.

After bacterial vaginal infections, yeast infections are the second most common cause of vaginal inflammation, and 75% of women will have at least one in their lifetime. Common symptoms can include redness, itching, or irritation on the external genital area (vulva), an increase in white or tan vaginal discharge, and a burning sensation during urination or intercourse.

There are a range of over-the-counter and prescription treatments, and an Ob/Gyn or gynecologist can help you choose the safest, most effective option during pregnancy.

I’ve invited Meredith McClure, M.D., a UT Southwestern gynecologist, to answer the top questions pregnant and breastfeeding patients ask about yeast infection treatment and prevention.

Meredith McClure, M.D.

Q: How common are yeast infections during pregnancy?

A: Studies have found that 20%-30% of women develop a yeast infection during pregnancy. An increase in the hormone estrogen creates a more hospitable climate for yeast to colonize the vagina because it binds to the protein factor H on the surface of the cells that cause vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Some women are more likely to develop yeast infections due to their genetics. Mutations of several genes can interfere with the immune system’s ability to defend against candida yeast, resulting in recurring infections for some people. This inherited predisposition is called familial candidiasis.

Q: Can a yeast infection harm my pregnancy?

A: No. A yeast infection won’t affect your developing baby – that’s why we don’t treat yeast infections that don’t have symptoms. However, most symptomatic yeast infections get worse when left untreated. This means more itching, redness, and inflammation. If the skin becomes cracked or torn from repeated scratching, a skin infection can result. In rare cases, an untreated yeast infection can lead to fatigue, oral thrush, or digestive problems.

Q: Do yeast infections appear throughout pregnancy?

A: Yeast infections can occur any time, but they are most common during the second trimester. Talk with your doctor if you notice signs of a yeast infection while pregnant, even if you have had one before. Some more serious infections have similar symptoms, so your doctor will perform a simple fungal culture swap in the office to check for the presence of yeast.

Q: What treatment options are available?

Talk with your doctor about the safest and most effective options for treating yeast infections during pregnancy.

A: Topical creams or vaginal suppositories are the recommended yeast infection treatment options during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Over-the-counter medications such as Miconazole, Clotrimazole, and Terconazole have been shown to eliminate a yeast infection safely and effectively. They are usually applied for three to seven days. It is important to finish the entire course of medication to prevent the infection from coming back. Studies have demonstrated these medications are safe to use during pregnancy.

The oral medication Diflucan (fluconazole) is not recommended for most patients during pregnancy. Though taking a single pill is simpler, quicker, and less messy, some studies suggest fluconazole carries a slightly increased risk of miscarriage, birth defects, or stillbirth, especially at high doses taken over long periods of time.

While the increase is small – approximately 12 incidents per 10,000 births – the convenience of single-pill treatment might not outweigh the risk. However, in the event you have already taken or need to take fluconazole while pregnant, the additional risk at a normal dose is unlikely to pose any problems for your baby.

Q: Are yeast infection treatments safe while breastfeeding?

A: Yeast infections are less common among breastfeeding patients because estrogen levels drop dramatically in the postpartum period, making it hard for yeast to thrive. But if they occur, fluconazole may be taken by women who are breastfeeding as the levels secreted into breast milk are small.

It is possible for a breastfeeding mother and baby to pass thrush, a fungal infection that typically grows in the mouth and throat, back and forth between nipple and mouth. If that happens, both must be treated to stop the infection. Thrush is usually minor and is often caused by the same fungus – and treated with a 7- to 14-day course of the same antifungal medicines – as a yeast infection in the vagina.

Q: What steps can reduce the risk of yeast infection?

A: During pregnancy and otherwise, take the following precautions:

Wipe front to back after using the toilet.
Avoid using scented tampons, pads, and pantyliners.
Change tampons, pads, and pantyliners often.
Avoid very hot baths and hot tubs.
Wear underwear with a cotton lining to promote airflow.
Do not douche, which removes healthy vaginal bacteria that prevent infection.
Wear loose fitting clothing.
Manage your blood sugar if you have diabetes or gestational diabetes.
Remove wet workout clothes and swimsuits as soon as possible after activities.

If you’re pregnant and notice signs of a yeast infection, discuss treatment options with your doctor so you can eliminate these disruptive symptoms. To request an appointment, call 214-645-8300 or request online.

Yeast Infections During Pregnancy - American Pregnancy Association

Yeast infections during pregnancy are more common than any other time in a woman’s life, especially during the second trimester of pregnancy. You may be noticing an increase in the amount of thin, white, odd smelling discharge. This is common and a normal symptom in the second trimester.
If you think you may be experiencing a yeast infection, the following information will prepare you to discuss the possibility with your doctor. Though yeast infections have no major negative effect on pregnancy, they are often more difficult to control during pregnancy, causing significant discomfort for you. Don’t wait to seek treatment!

What is a yeast infection?

Yeast infection occurs when the normal levels of acid and yeast in the vagina are out of balance, which allows the yeast to overgrow causing an uncomfortable, but not serious, a condition called a yeast infection.
If you have never been diagnosed or treated by a physician for a yeast infection and have some of the symptoms, you should see your physician first for accurate diagnosis and treatment. Other infections have similar symptoms, so you want to make sure that you are treating the infection correctly. There are also treatments that are not appropriate during pregnancy.

What causes yeast infections during pregnancy?

A yeast infection can be caused by one or more of the following:

Hormonal changes that come with pregnancy or before your period
Taking hormones or birth control pills
Taking antibiotics or steroids
High blood sugar, as in diabetes
Vaginal intercourse
Douching
Blood or semen

Why are yeast infections more common during pregnancy?

Your body is going through so many changes right now, and it is difficult for your body to keep up with the chemical changes in the vagina. There is more sugar in vaginal secretions on which the yeast can feed, causing an imbalance which results in too much yeast.

What are the symptoms of yeast infections?

The symptoms of a yeast infection may include one or more of the following:

Discharge that is usually white/tan in color, similar to cottage cheese and may smell like yeast/bread
Other discharge may be greenish or yellowish, also similar to cottage cheese and may smell like yeast/bread
An increase in discharge
Redness, itching, or irritation of the lips of the vagina
Burning sensation during urination or intercourse

What else could I be experiencing?

If you are experiencing symptoms similar to a yeast infection, but a physician has ruled this diagnosis out, you may have one of the following:

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) like Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, & Trichomoniasis
A vaginal infection called bacterial vaginosis

How do I know for sure if I have a yeast infection?

At your doctor’s office or medical clinic, a clinician will use a simple, painless swab to remove the discharge or vaginal secretions and examine it through a microscope. Usually, upon a simple examination of the vagina, a physician can diagnose a yeast infection. In rare cases, the culture may be sent to a lab.

How are yeast infections treated during pregnancy?

During pregnancy, physicians recommend vaginal creams and suppositories only. The oral medication, Diflucan (a single-dose medication), has not been proven safe during pregnancy and lactation. Not all vaginal creams and suppositories are okay to use during pregnancy, so it is best to consult your doctor or pharmacist to get the right one. If left untreated, yeast infections can pass to your baby’s mouth during delivery. This is called “thrush” and is effectively treated with Nystatin.
It may take 10-14 days to find relief or completely clear up the infection while you are pregnant. After the infection has cleared up and any sores have healed, it may be helpful to use a starch-free drying powder, or Nystatin powder to prevent a recurring infection.

How can I prevent a yeast infection or recurring yeast infections?

Most yeast infections can usually be avoided by doing the following:

Wear loose, breathable cotton clothing and cotton underwear.
After regular, thorough washing (using unscented, hypoallergenic or gentle soap), use your blow dryer on a low, cool setting to help dry the outside of your genital area.
Always wipe from front to back after using the restroom.
Shower immediately after you swim. Change out of your swimsuit, workout clothes, or other damp clothes as soon as possible.
Do NOT:
- douche
- use feminine hygiene sprays
- use sanitary pads and tampons that contain deodorant
- take a bubble bath/use scented soaps
- use colored or perfumed toilet paper
Include yogurt with “lactobacillus acidophilus” in your diet.
Limit sugar intake, as sugar promotes the growth of yeast.
Get plenty of rest to make it easier for your body to fight infections.

When should I contact my doctor?

If you are experiencing the symptoms described in this article, call your doctor now. Yeast infections have similar symptoms of other infections, such as STDs. Proper diagnosis every time you experience these symptoms is vital for the most effective, immediate treatment, or your condition may worsen/not go away.
If you see no improvement within three days, or if symptoms worsen or come back after treatment, you should contact your healthcare provider again.

Want to Know More?

Pregnancy Nutrition
Medication and Pregnancy

Compiled using information from the following sources:

1. American Academy of Family Physicians

https://familydoctor.org

1. Mayo Clinic Complete Book of Pregnancy & Babys First Year. Johnson, Robert V., M.D., et al, Ch. 11.

Infections during pregnancy - prices for diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy in the clinic "Mother and Child" in Moscow

Every woman who is expecting a baby pays special attention to her health. This is not surprising, because any deviation from the norm or the appearance of any infection can cause the development of serious pathologies in the baby. But there are ailments that expectant mothers are especially common. One of them is thrush or vulvovaginal candidiasis.

Thrush during pregnancy in Moscow:

Clinical hospital MD GROUPClinical hospital Lapino-1 "Mother and Child"Clinic KG "Lapino" in Odintsovo (branch)Clinic "Mother and Child" Khodynskoye PoleClinic "Mother and Child" Kuntsevo

Clinic "Mother and Child" Savelovskaya Clinic "Mother and Child" South-West Clinic "Mother and Child" Novogireevo Clinic "Mother and Child" Lefortovo

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Thrush and its complications

Thrush in pregnant women is an infectious disease caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida. It is worth saying that these microorganisms in small quantities can be present in the vagina and colon of even an absolutely healthy woman. Under certain conditions, active growth of fungi occurs and an inflammatory process develops.

Almost 2/3 of the fair sex at least once in their lives experienced manifestations of thrush. Approximately half of them have relapses of the disease, and in 5% the pathology acquires a chronic relapsing course. But in pregnant women, thrush occurs three times more often than in patients outside of pregnancy. This is due primarily to changes in hormonal status and restructuring of the immune system of the future mother's body. These are exactly the conditions that are necessary for the growth and increase in the number of Candida fungi.

In most cases, thrush is not dangerous for the fetus, but this unpleasant pathology can still cause certain complications. With candidiasis, the risk of termination of pregnancy, premature birth and spontaneous abortion increases. The upward spread of the infectious process can lead to damage to the membranes and leakage of amniotic fluid. All this as a result can cause hypoxia and intrauterine infection of the fetus.

Thrush symptoms

Thrush symptoms:

moderate or heavy cheesy vaginal discharge;
white coating on the genitals;
irritation, itching, burning in the genital area, worse after urination, hygiene, intimacy and at night;
hyperemia and swelling of the vagina and vulva, the appearance of microcracks on the mucous membrane of the genital organs;
the appearance of an unpleasant odor.

With a significant spread of the inflammatory process on the surface of the vagina, small and large labia, burgundy vesicles with liquid contents are formed. After the opening of the vesicles, microerosions and crusts are formed. In overweight women, such manifestations can extend to the inguinal and intergluteal folds.

As the disease progresses, the fungus enters the urinary system. The ascending spread of the infection is evidenced by pain, frequent urination, aching pain in the lower abdomen, fever, discomfort and pain during intercourse.

Causes of pathology development

Despite the fact that candidiasis can be transmitted sexually from an infected partner, the main cause of the development of the disease is considered to be a violation of the immune system and a decrease in the number of lactobacilli. The thing is that during pregnancy, a woman's body is rebuilt, the hormonal status changes, immunity decreases. The microflora of the vagina also changes: the number of lactobacilli, which are necessary to maintain a normal pH level and suppress the growth of pathogenic microorganisms, decreases.

As long as the balance between beneficial and pathogenic microorganisms is maintained, the expectant mother does not experience any discomfort. But as soon as the number of lactobacilli decreases, the process of rapid reproduction of Candida fungi starts. Unpleasant symptoms begin to appear.

Another reason for the development of thrush during pregnancy is a decrease in immunity. It should be noted that this is a completely natural process. Without a physiological decrease in immunity, normal gestation is impossible: during the period of expectation of a baby, special substances begin to be synthesized in the woman's body that prevent the formation of antibodies and eliminate the risk of rejection of fetal cells by the mother's immune system. But with a decrease in immunity, more favorable conditions are created for the development of infection and the spread of the inflammatory process. It is these conditions that are optimal for the reproduction of the Candida fungus.

There are other factors that can provoke the development of thrush:

incorrect or insufficient intimate hygiene;
wearing synthetic underwear;
chronic inflammatory diseases that reduce immunity;
long-term use of antibiotics;
hypothermia.

Diagnosis of thrush

The symptoms of thrush are similar to the manifestations of other infectious diseases, so the diagnosis is aimed at determining the causes that caused the anxiety of the pregnant patient. First, a survey is conducted, during which the doctor collects information about the duration and intensity of symptoms. Then an examination is carried out on a chair with mirrors in order to assess the condition of the mucosa. Already by the presence of hyperemia, white plaque, abundant curdled discharge and rash, the doctor can make a preliminary conclusion about the development of candidiasis.

To confirm the diagnosis, a smear is taken for the flora, and PCR diagnostics are also prescribed to differentiate microorganisms.

Treatment of thrush

The main task in the treatment of thrush is to maintain a balance between the therapeutic effect and safety for the fetus. The therapy is based on the use of well-tolerated, non-toxic topical drugs that do not affect the systemic blood flow. Vaginal suppositories are mainly used, thanks to which it is possible to quickly eliminate symptoms. These are polyene antimycotics, imidazoles, triazoles, combined preparations that reduce the activity of yeast-like fungi.

At the time of treatment, it is recommended to abandon intimate life or use barrier contraceptives. It is also important to strictly follow medical recommendations and adhere to the prescribed therapeutic regimen. Otherwise, it will not be possible to achieve a positive effect from the treatment, and the disease may become chronic.

Prophylaxis

It is impossible to completely exclude the possibility of thrush during pregnancy. However, you can follow the recommendations that will minimize the possible risks. Experts recommend:

abandon synthetic underwear in favor of natural fabrics;
observe the rules of intimate hygiene;
do not use panty liners all the time;
try not to overcool.

You should also avoid stressful loads and adjust the diet by increasing the amount of fruits, vegetables, dairy products consumed. If before pregnancy a woman has already encountered manifestations of thrush, you should register with a gynecologist as soon as possible.

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services - Thrush during pregnancy

Clinical Hospital MD GROUPClinical Hospital Lapino-1 "Mother and Child"Clinic KG "Lapino" in Odintsovo (branch)Clinic "Mother and Child" KuntsevoClinic "Mother and Child" Khodynskoye PoleClinic "Mother and Child" SavelovskayaClinic "Mother and Child" Yugo-ZapadMother and Child Clinic LefortovoMother and Child Clinic Novogireevo

Thrush during pregnancy

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Ecofucin for the treatment of thrush during pregnancy.

Thrush is a disease of the vaginal and vulvar mucosa caused by yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida, which affects 35% of women during pregnancy ¹ .

At risk for recurrent thrush are those pregnant women who have already had a history of thrush episodes

Pregnancy is a special period in a woman's life, the body is rebuilt - the hormonal background changes, the level of progesterone increases, which leads to a decrease in immunity, the level of estrogens rises, and therefore glycogen accumulates in the vaginal mucosa - a nutrient medium for yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida.

Lactobacilli are the predominant microorganisms in the vaginal microflora of a healthy woman. A normal concentration of lactobacilli provides the necessary acidity in the vagina, which inhibits the growth of fungi. Lactobacilli are also involved in the formation of local immunity

In addition, during thrush, the vaginal microflora is disturbed - the number of lactobacilli decreases sharply. These changes lead to the growth and reproduction of pathogenic fungi of the genus Candida, which leads to an increase in the number of manifestations of acute and recurrent forms of thrush.

Symptoms of thrush in a pregnant woman:

itching and burning in the vulva and / or vagina, swelling and irritation in the vulva
vaginal discharge with a "cheesy character", sometimes an unpleasant odor
pain during and after intercourse
urination disorder and pain

The appearance of at least one of the symptoms is a reason for an unscheduled visit to the doctor.

Why is it important to diagnose and treat thrush in a pregnant woman in time?

Some women are asymptomatic carriers of yeast-like fungi of the genus Candida and experience neither discomfort nor symptoms of the disease throughout the entire period of pregnancy ²

A pregnant woman with thrush (including an asymptomatic carrier) is a source of infection for her unborn child. Infection from mother to child occurs in 75-80% of cases ³ . Infection of a newborn occurs when passing through the birth canal (the skin of the child comes into contact with the infected mucous membranes of the mother's birth canal). In newborns, candidiasis is manifested by lesions of the mucous membranes and skin ² , which can lead to negative consequences. For premature babies, infection with fungi of the genus Candida is especially dangerous ² .

Timely and effective treatment of thrush in a pregnant woman is an important task

Treatment of thrush

Safety and efficacy are the main criteria for choosing a drug in the treatment of thrush in pregnant women complications for the course of pregnancy and for the health of the mother and her unborn child. In the treatment of thrush, experts recommend an integrated approach to therapy.

It is important to follow the recommendations of a specialist, following the prescribed dosages and regimen.

Comprehensive treatment should be aimed at solving two problems: eliminating the cause of thrush (fungi of the genus Candida) and restoring the vaginal microflora. It is important to know that not all drugs are approved for use during pregnancy. For example, most oral (systemic) drugs and some topical drugs for treating thrush are contraindicated during pregnancy.

Ecofucin

^® In the treatment of thrush in pregnant women

Ecofucin

^® is allowed for all pregnancy periods and during lactation ⁴

Why ecofucin ^{® 9000 9 ® 9000 9 is not provided. locally in the focus of infection}

allowed during pregnancy from the 1st trimester

allowed while breastfeeding

Natamycin

practically not absorbed into the blood and has no systemic effect
has a fungicidal effect - causes fungal cell death
resistance to it does not develop
does not inhibit the growth of natural microflora

Prebiotic ⁵

is actively fermented by the normal microflora of the vagina, stimulates growth lactobacilli ⁶
causes restoration of the vaginal microflora, stimulates local immunity ⁶

The active substance ⁷ of the drug Ecofucin ^® eliminates the cause of thrush, and the prebiotic ⁵ in the composition of the drug Ecofucin ^® helps to restore the vaginal microflora and strengthen local immunity ⁶ .

Efficacy and safety of Ecofucin has been proven by clinical studies

Ecofucin promotes faster recovery of patients with thrush.

More details

For pregnant women

Moscow 40 patients

For non-pregnant women

St. Petersburg 36 patients

Clinical cure occurred significantly earlier in the group of patients who used Ecofucin.

Kuzmin V.N., Bogdanova M.N. Ecofucin® is the first drug for the eradication of Candida fungi with the effect of stimulating the growth of lactobacilli in pregnant women. breast cancer. 2020; one; 28-33

Ecofucin helps to increase the number of own lactobacilli in the vagina and reduce the risk of recurrence of thrush.

More details

For pregnant women

Moscow 40 patients

For non-pregnant women

St. Petersburg 36 patients

Clinical cure occurred significantly earlier in the group of patients who used Ecofucin.

Method of administration and doses

The regimen for the use of Ecofucin ^® in a pregnant woman is prescribed by the attending physician individually.

Additional conditions for effective treatment of thrush are: giving up bad habits, a carbohydrate-restricted diet, wearing underwear made from natural fabrics, etc.

It is important to consult a gynecologist in a timely manner and exclude self-treatment.

1. Tikhomirov A.L., Sarsania S.I. Features of candidal vulvovaginitis in pregnant women at the present stage. // Farmateka No. 9, 2009, p. 64-70.

2. Prilepskaya V.N., Mirzabalaeva A.K., Kira E.F., Gomberg M.A., Apolikhina I.A., Bairamova G.R. Federal clinical guidelines "Urogenital candidiasis".