– The most common diseases in children are infections of the upper respiratory tract (rhinitis, pharyngitis, laryngitis) and lower respiratory tract (tracheitis, bronchitis, pneumonia). There are more than two hundred viruses that can provoke SARS in the human body. Among viral pathogens, influenza viruses, parainfluenza, enteroviruses are most often distinguished. adenoviruses, etc. Among bacterial pathogens, pneumococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus, staphylococcus predominate. nine0003

– When is it considered that a child is often ill?

– It is important not how often the child gets sick, but how quickly he recovers. If each viral infection (ARVI) in a child proceeds within the permissible limits, without complications, and passes in 7-8 days, then there should be no cause for concern for parents. Even if the baby picks up such viral infections with a frequency of once a month. In fact, viral infections are not so scary. For a child who actively attends children's institutions and groups, getting viral infections from 6 to 10 times a year is absolutely normal and even useful in a certain sense. After all, every time, coping with another infection, the immunity of the child is formed. nine0003

– Which children are most at risk?

- The frequency of episodes of viral infections is directly related to how much contact you and your children have with other people and other babies. The main reason is visiting an organized team in the garden, and later at school. Each child is a carrier of special, specific microbes obtained in the family. He has developed immunity to them, but there is no immunity to other microbes that live in the team. Communication in a kindergarten group with children is a constant exchange of microbes. And each such exchange becomes the cause of diseases of varying severity. nine0003

– Why do some children get sick often and others don't?

– As no two people are the same, so there are no people who are equally ill. All children experience the same infection differently and have different symptoms. So in one child the disease is limited to a runny nose, in another - bronchitis, in the third - pneumonia. After all, immunity is born even in the womb and depends on many factors: the course of pregnancy, diseases suffered by the mother, features of fetal development, etc. Equally important is the so-called "secondary" immunity, which depends on the conditions in which the child is located and his lifestyle. These are artificial feeding, malnutrition, violation of the regimen and congestion of the child, the presence of other background conditions (allergic mood of the child's body, vitamin deficiency, rickets, etc.), chronic diseases (adenoids, tonsillitis, etc.), the presence of parasites in body, a sedentary lifestyle of a child, too rare walks in the fresh air. Passive smoking of children greatly suppresses the child's immunity, therefore, in families in which family members smoke, children are 3-6 times more likely to get ARVI. nine0003

– The need for vaccination is a matter of much debate. What is your opinion on this matter: is vaccination necessary or not?

– Vaccination is, of course, necessary. I want to note that vaccinated children, who even get sick, endure the disease much easier. The vaccine does not give a 100% guarantee against the disease, but it does provide protection against severe disease, complications, and death. Statistics show that unvaccinated children get sick more often than vaccinated ones. And even if a child vaccinated against the flu gets sick, then, as a rule, the disease proceeds in a mild form, without complications and leaves no consequences. Every year, the list of vaccines that can be vaccinated in a child is expanding so that he does not get sick with some kind of infection. These are vaccines "Pneumo 23" and "Prevenar -13" against pneumococcal infection, "ActKhib" against hemophilic infection, which manifest themselves in many clinical forms, such as meningitis, pneumonia, otitis media, arthritis, etc.

– What should I do to prevent my child from getting sick?

- It is impossible to single out any special recommendations, following which, you will save the child from the disease. A healthy family lifestyle is very important (including a complete cessation of smoking in the presence of a child or in the room where he is), a balanced and nutritious diet, hardening using water procedures, gymnastics, herbal medicine (in the absence of allergic reactions), vitamin therapy, use means that increase the overall resistance of the child's body Parents need to know that if the child often has a cold, you need to check if he has a focus of chronic infection (adenoids, caries, sinusitis or tonsillitis), which weakens the immune system. That is why frequently ill children must undergo a complete examination, after which the doctor will select the correct treatment and prescribe a course of restorative procedures. nine0003

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Archegova Galina Altafovna

Gastroenterologist, Gastroenterologist for children, Nutritionist

MD GROUP Clinical Hospital

It is known that children in the first months of life rarely get sick, for example, SARS. This is due not only to the fact that they do not visit public places, but also to the fact that there are protective factors in their blood that were passed on to them by their mothers. Gradually, the level of these factors decreases, and the likelihood of respiratory disease, respectively, increases. nine0003

If a child of the first 6 months of life has a viral infection, which theoretically should be protected by immunity inherited from the mother, then this is a situation that goes beyond the norm. Therefore, in this case, you should immediately consult a doctor. Even if the disease is mild, only in the form of a runny nose and sneezing.

If a child of the second half of life who already “has the right” to get sick falls ill, then in cases of a mild form of the disease with a temperature within 38 °, with minor symptoms of a cold, one can independently, based on one’s own experience, begin treatment using certain means. nine0003

It has been known for many years that one of the protective factors, interferon, is weakly secreted at temperatures below 38°C, which can weaken the immune response in general. Therefore, there is no reason to consider a decrease in temperature in all cases as necessary. In addition, the use of antipyretics can lead to side effects.

When the temperature rises, the skin vessels dilate, which allows the body to balance heat production and heat loss. Therefore, it is not necessary to wrap up a feverish child, to cover him with blankets, this can only impede heat transfer. There is no need to be afraid that the temperature will “roll over the top”, will rise indefinitely. In the vast majority of patients, the temperature does not exceed 39°. However, at higher temperatures, the heat output may not match its products.

Such a situation - it is called a malignant temperature - is extremely dangerous. It is not difficult to recognize it - while the surface of the child's body acquires a motley "marble" color, the skin, especially the hands and feet, remains cold despite the fever. In these cases, it is necessary to rub the skin vigorously until it turns red and give an antipyretic. A child with a fever should be put to bed and provided with plenty of fluids to prevent excessive fluid loss. nine0003

If a child is ill, the first thing to do is DON'T PANIC. Most problems are born out of panic. Call your pediatrician immediately.

Before he arrives, take a temperature measurement.

Make sure that the room where the child is located is ventilated and the air is fresh. Don't forget to increase your drinking. Experts note that if the child drinks enough, then you can not be afraid that the temperature will pose a danger to him.

There is a very small group of children who, in response to any infection, overreact, that is, they immediately develop a high temperature, heart and lung failure, loss of consciousness, convulsions immediately occur. Therefore, if a child's temperature creeps up, despite the measures you take, the bill goes to hours and minutes. nine0003

The easiest and best way out in this situation is to call an emergency or a pediatrician and hospitalize the baby in a hospital, where all the necessary examinations will be performed and treatment prescribed, and, most importantly, the child will be under the supervision of a doctor around the clock, since the children have a condition can get heavy in a matter of hours.

As the head of the children's consultative and diagnostic center of the Perinatal Medical Center, which includes not only a polyclinic, but also a boxed department for infants and older children, I categorically do not advise you to go to hospitals yourself, “choosing” a hospital. For this, there is emergency care, which, in accordance with the diagnosis, will take the child to a specialized medical institution, depending on the availability of vacant places in it. nine0003

I would like to note that the conditions of his stay in the hospital are of great importance for a child, especially at an early age. Individual wards - boxes, round-the-clock stay of a mother with a child, everything necessary for a comfortable stay, modern materials in interior decoration, colors of walls and floors - taking into account the favorable psychological impact on the child - all this is available in the rehabilitation department of the Perinatal Medical Center. In addition, the uniqueness of this department for Moscow lies in the fact that the Center has not only a children's hospital, but also a polyclinic children's department, and specialized traveling children's teams. Thus, the principles of continuity and phasing are fully respected. In the event of a critical situation, a team of pediatricians goes to provide medical assistance and, if necessary, the child is transported to the children's boxed department. Therefore, it is not for nothing that the medical staff of the PMC departments is considered one of the most qualified, because they have to deal with the most difficult situations. nine0003

Of course, a child's illness is a misfortune. But faith in the successful resolution of the situation, in the child’s own strengths and strengths, and the professionalism of doctors can work wonders. The purpose of our article is not to intimidate future and current parents, but to warn. Convince to be as attentive as possible to the health of the child. After all, as you know, forewarned is forearmed. So, if you notice even minimal deviations in the condition of the baby, then do not treat yourself, consult your doctor. nine0003

For every family, the most important thing in life is the happiness and health of their child. But, unfortunately, children often get sick. We sincerely wish you and your children good health, but if the child gets sick, try to "pull yourself together" and do not panic! Your task is to help your child as much as possible! Emotions should fade into the background.

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