What do babies see at 2 months old

Baby Development: Your 2-Month Old

Written by Stephanie Watson

You've gotten past the newborn phase, and now, in the second month, you’re starting to get a sense of your baby’s personality. You’re also learning what makes your 2-month-old tick -- from likes and dislikes, to crying triggers, which are pretty basic at this point: hunger, sleepiness, and dirty diapers.

This portion of WebMD’s month-by-month guide describes a few of the baby milestones you can expect your child to reach at two months.

Second Month Baby Milestones: Motor Skills

Two-month-old babies are gaining more control over their bodies. That means they can hold their head a little steadier while lying on their tummies or being supported upright.

In the second month of life, babies continue to have a strong sucking reflex. You may notice your baby likes to suck on a fist or a few fingers. This is one of the best ways babies have of comforting themselves.

At 2 months, your baby doesn’t yet have the coordination to play with toys. But she may bat at a colorful object hanging in front of her. Your baby may even briefly hold a toy that you place in one of her hands.

Second Month Baby Milestones: Sleep

Your baby’s sleep patterns are evolving, but at two months, they still aren’t fully established. At this age, babies sleep 15 to 16 hours a day. But those hours are sporadic, and they usually aren’t ready to sleep through the night. This is especially true for breastfed babies, who generally wake up to eat every three hours or so.

Hang in there for just a few more weeks and you’ll be able to get some much-needed rest. You may even be able to get to a full night’s sleep earlier by helping your baby learn how to fall asleep on her own. Do this by putting your baby into the crib when she’s drowsy rather than fast asleep. She can sleep in your room with you, but it’s not recommended that you have her in your bed.

All babies need to be put to sleep on their backs on firm, flat surface to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). You can provide plenty of tummy time when your baby is awake and supervised. Also, remove all soft objects from Baby’s crib, including pillows, blankets, stuffed animals, and soft bumpers.

Second Month Baby Milestones: Eating

At 2 months, your baby should be taking around 4 ounces at each feeding, and both breast and bottle feedings should be at least every 3 to 4 hours during the day with longer stretches at night. If your baby is having problems gaining weight, your pediatrician will probably advise not to go too long without feeding, even if it means waking your baby.

Expect at least 4 to 6 wet diapers a day. The frequency of poopy diapers may range from a few each day to once every few days. If you’re breastfeeding, your baby’s stools should be soft and slightly runny. If you’re formula-feeding, your baby’s stools will probably be a little firmer, but should not be hard or formed. The color can also vary but should never be red, white, or black.

Breastfed infants should be getting vitamin D supplements starting soon after birth, but other supplements, water, juice, and solid foods usually aren't necessary. Your pediatrician will recommend what’s best for you and your baby.

Second Month Baby Milestones: The Senses

At two months, babies can see objects -- and people -- from up to 18 inches away. That means you still need to get pretty close, but your baby will be able to see your face pretty well while feeding. She should also be able to follow movements when you walk close by.

Baby’s hearing is improving, too. Your 2-month-old will especially enjoy listening to the sound of your voice.

Second Month Baby Milestones: Communication

For a 2-month-old, most communication consists of crying. But you may hear a few gurgles, grunts, and even some sweet coos. Your baby should recognize your face and voice, and respond to them. You might even see the first adorable hint of a smile.

One of the most important things you can do at this age is talk to your baby. Even though 2-month-old babies can’t talk back, they will respond to the sound of your voice, and it will encourage them to start forming their own first words in the coming months.

Tips For Your Baby’s Second Month

The first few months of a baby’s life are exciting and nerve-wracking for new parents. Don’t be afraid to ask for advice when you need it. Your pediatrician is the best source for information, but family and friends are good back-ups.
Information on WebMD and many other websites are regularly reviewed by experts to ensure that the information is reliable. However, the internet is also a place where there is a lot of misinformation. Be sure you know the source of medical and other information you read online.
Parents today are always on the go. As a result, babies spend a lot of time in car seats and carriers. Babies should have the chance to move around in different positions during the day so they can use the muscles they’ll need for rolling, crawling, and eventually walking. Alternate the carrier with periods of tummy time, stroller walks, and plenty of cuddles in your arms. Babies should not routinely sleep in carriers, car seats, or bouncy seats.
Touch is very important during baby’s first months. Try some skin-to-skin contact. Some experts recommend baby massage, but just holding or rocking her is enough.
When your infant cries, try different soothing techniques. Some babies respond to soft music or singing. Others are calmed by ''white noise'' (for example, running the vacuum cleaner or placing the radio dial between stations). If you haven’t already done so, try introducing a pacifier. They are soothing and have also been found to help prevent SIDS. Experiment to find what works best for your 2-month-old.

Your Baby's Hearing, Vision, and Other Senses: 2 Months (for Parents)

Every minute that they're awake awake, babies take in the sights, sounds, smells, and feel of the world around them. Although it may take a while to grasp what all this information means, your baby can still find joy and comfort in the familiar faces, voices, and sensations of everyday life.

What Can My Baby See?

Babies are born very nearsighted, meaning that they see best at close distances. But by the end of 3 months, they can follow a moving object, are more interested in shapes and patterns, and can spot familiar faces, even at a distance. Human faces are one of their favorite things to look at, especially their own or a parent's face. Install a baby-safe crib mirror at your baby's eye level and see how your baby watches himself or herself.

Your baby's color vision is also developing, so brightly colored wall hangings or toys will help develop your little one's ability to distinguish color. Soft pastel colors, though, are hard for a baby to appreciate — something to keep in mind when buying toys and books.

By this month or next month, your baby's eye coordination will have improved enough to follow a moving object. By 3 months, he or she may start to reach for and swipe at objects — the beginning of hand-eye coordination.

Your baby will enjoy looking out from the stroller or baby carrier as you walk the neighborhood or the mall. Point out the sights, letting your baby linger over whatever catches his or her eye. Remember, the whole world is your baby's classroom and there's so much to see.

What Can My Baby Hear?

Your baby has been hearing sounds since way back in the womb. Mother's heartbeat, the gurgles of her digestive system, and even the sounds of her voice and the voices of other family members are part of a baby's world before birth. Once your baby is born, the sounds of the outside world come in loud and clear.

Your baby loves to hear your voice, so talk, babble, sing, and coo away. Take special advantage of your baby's own "talking" to have a "conversation." If you hear your baby make a sound, repeat it and wait for him or her to make another. You are teaching your baby valuable lessons about tone, pacing, and taking turns when talking to someone else.

Babies this age seem to respond best to a higher-pitched voice, which is why most people naturally raise the pitch of their voices and exaggerate their speech when talking to a baby. This is fine — studies have shown that "baby talk" doesn't delay speech development. In fact, responding to your baby encourages speech. Feel free to mix in some regular adult words and tone with the baby talk. It may seem early, but you're setting the stage for your baby's first words.

Besides voices, your baby will probably enjoy listening to music (play a variety of styles) and may be fascinated by the routine sounds of life as well. Keep your baby nearby as you rattle pans while making dinner, and let him or her sit in a baby seat within earshot of older siblings laughing and playing. Baby rattles and musical mobiles are other good ways to stimulate your baby's hearing.

Your baby probably had a hearing screening before being released from the hospital (most states require this). If not, or if your baby was born at home or a birthing center, it's important to have a hearing screening as soon as possible. Most children who are born with a hearing loss can be diagnosed through a hearing screening.

What Can My Baby Taste and Smell?

Your baby can taste and smell and will favor sweet tastes over bitter ones. For example, a baby will choose to suck on a bottle of sweetened water, but will turn away or cry if given something bitter or sour to taste. Likewise, babies will turn toward smells they favor and turn away from bad odors.

Though sweetness is preferred, taste preferences will continue to develop during the first year. In fact, studies show that a mother's diet can affect the way her breast milk tastes. These first flavors can help shape flavor preferences later on. For example, a mother who ate spicy foods while nursing is likely to have a child who grows up to favor spicy foods.

For now, breast milk or formula will fully satisfy your baby.

Why Is Touch Important?

It won't be long before your baby will be reaching out and touching everything. But now, your baby depends on you to provide touch. Babies know they're loved and cared for when they're held, hugged, and kissed.

Make it fun, too. Your baby will respond joyfully to a game of "This Little Piggy" as you touch your baby's toes or fingers. Introduce different textures and temperatures: the softness of a feather, the hardness of a wooden block, the cool feel of a window in winter. When babies feel the world around them, they learn about life.

If You're Worried

If you want a little reassurance that your baby's senses are working well, you can do some unscientific testing for yourself.

For example, if you're worried about your baby's vision, notice if your baby watches your face closely. Does your baby follow moving objects? Your baby may appear cross-eyed when trying to look at something that is close. This is normal in the first few months. Let your doctor know if your child's eyes turn in or out.

If you're worried about your baby's hearing, ask yourself these questions:

Does the baby startle at an unexpected sound?
Does the baby respond to the sound of my voice, even if he or she cannot see me? (Your baby's response might be to turn toward your voice, stop crying, smile, or get excited and move his or her arms and legs.)
Does the baby respond to music and other sounds in your environment?

If you're still worried about your little one's hearing or eyesight, talk to your doctor. The earlier problems with seeing and hearing are found, the better they can be treated.

Article | How babies see

The way a baby sees the world around him depends on his parents. It is in your power to teach a child in his first months to look at life with "wide eyes".

Of the five senses that a person has, vision plays a leading role in his development. We receive most of the information about the world around us through our eyes. The visual system is laid down even in the prenatal period, but it is actively formed and "ripens" already after birth, in the first year of a baby's life. At this time, it is especially important to pay attention to the development of vision, since it is directly related to the development of the brain.

It is known that the efficiency of the brain is determined not by the number of neurons, but by the number of connections (synapses) between them. In the first year of a person's life, these connections are formed at an incredible rate. And the more visual information a child receives, the more actively the development of various structures of his brain will go.

Any visual impairment in infancy often causes a significant lag in the development of the child, since the rest of the senses are not able to fully compensate for the lack of information.

Picture of the world

The very first visual images that a person perceives are faces. “We recognize the “nose-mouth” facial pattern innately - this is a species-specific signal,” says Vyacheslav Dubynin, Doctor of Biological Sciences, specialist in brain physiology. “Moreover, we now know that it’s not just the face pattern that is recognized, but the main facial expressions: grief, fear, rage, smile. The ancient Greek masks of tragedy and comedy, the emoticon - this innately affects our secondary visual cortex, it is innately significant. That is why it is so important for us and is also directly connected with the centers of positive and negative emotions.”

The main stimuli for the development of the baby's visual system are the faces of mom and dad. If so, communicate and talk with the child at any opportunity, as often as possible, "show yourself in front of him."

Seize the moment

The organs of vision of a newborn are already formed, but the work of the entire visual system will be "tuned" during the first six months of life. The kid needs to learn to fix his gaze, move both eyes at the same time (this is called “friendly movement”), determine the depth of space and establish a connection between vision and touch.

At this time, the eyeball enlarges, connections are formed with the parts of the brain responsible for receiving and processing visual information. From the point of view of psychophysiology, this period is a critical phase in the formation of the visual system. Moreover, the very act of “looking” serves as a stimulus for the development of vision. That is, the more images are projected onto the retina, the better the eye develops.

Black and white cinema

We have the ability to recognize colors from birth, but the newborn does not yet know how to use it. But he perceives well and looks with pleasure at contrasting black-and-white images with clear contours. You can make such pictures yourself and conduct "classes" with your baby with their help.

As a result of such exercises, the child will acquire two important skills in the first months of life: he will learn to fix an object and follow it with his eyes.

For classes, you can put the baby on any surface (changing table, crib, large bed), but so that the light source (window or lamp) is behind his head.

0–2 months

Newborn limited field of view — 30 degrees left and right, 10 degrees up and down, depth — no more than 90 cm from the face. Show your child images based on this data. Contrasting black and white patterns attract the attention of the baby, because during this period the rods (cells in the retina of the eye that distinguish between weak light, black and white colors) are better developed than cones (cells responsible for perceiving colors).

For the first lessons, you will need pictures with simple geometric shapes, checkers (like a chessboard), stripes, straight and broken lines.

Already at the age of 10 days, the baby is able to keep a moving object in the field of vision, and at 3 weeks old it can fixate on a stationary object and on the face of an adult who is talking to him.

By the end of the first month, he tries to follow a slowly moving black and white object or his mother's face at a distance of 20–30 cm.

To practice fixation : show your baby black and white drawings. They can also be attached to the sides of the crib.

Gradually replace simple pictures with more complex ones. So the baby will learn to focus his eyes. Among the pictures you can place black and white photos of mom and dad.

If you have attached a mobile above the crib, you can replace the colorful hanging toys with black and white ones for now.

For tracking exercise : show the picture to the baby at a distance of 30 cm from the eyes. After the child notices it and fixes their eyes on it, slowly start moving the picture to the right, then to the left. The second exercise: bring the drawing closer to the baby and remove it again (from 20 to 100 cm).

3 months

The baby can already clearly focus on the object, but it is still difficult for him to smoothly and continuously follow him if he moves in an arc. Tracking objects in a circle can be trained using a mobile, removing all toys from it, except for one.

At this age, the baby is already truly happy and smiles at the sight of something familiar. He follows with pleasure the face of an adult or an object moving in all directions, studies his hands with interest.

The baby still does not feel the volume of objects, so often he cannot grasp the object he is reaching for. This happens because the baby's world is still two-dimensional.

Binocular vision will develop later, and then the baby will learn to appreciate the depth of space.

Now you can place pictures in all the places where you can carry the baby in your arms. The baby is already able to visually focus while in an upright position.

4 months

Now the child may like more complex drawings, with curved and curved lines and shapes. The kid remembers what he saw, follows the moving object well.

During this period, the formation of color perception occurs, because the cones in the retina begin to work more actively. At first, the baby is able to perceive red and yellow colors, a little later - green and blue. The main thing is that the color is bright. Pastel shades, which parents usually prefer, will not impress the child.

To fix the color, show the baby alternately with an interval of 30 seconds two pictures, first with the same image, but different colors, and then vice versa - the same color, but with different patterns.

Take a white sheet and a picture. First, show the baby a picture at a distance of 30–50 cm. He must fix it. Then cover half of the image with a white sheet. After 30 seconds, show the entire drawing again. In the next exercise, cover the entire picture with a white sheet.

Now take two different pictures and a white sheet. Fold them like a deck: the first picture - a white sheet - the second picture. Show them in turn, making sure that the baby fixes the image. You will see how surprised he is when he sees another drawing after the white sheet!

At the age of 4 months, the child is able to predict events. He used to keep screaming from hunger until he grabs a nipple or gets a bottle. Now, when he sees his mother, he can either shut up or start screaming even louder. The child establishes a connection between visual impressions and consciousness.

5–6 months

By this age, the images transmitted from both eyes begin to connect, and thus binocular (stereoscopic) vision develops. Now the child is able to visually perceive the depth of space. The kid focuses well on both near and distant objects. Six-month-old babies are very fond of looking at more complex images, ornate ornaments and patterns. This is a great training for the visual system - in such pictures there is a certain rhythm, symmetrical and asymmetric areas, orderliness and structure.

Show your child two different pictures at the same time so that he can look at one and then the other.

Make a kind of screen out of a white sheet. Hold it in one hand. Take a picture or a toy in your other hand. Show it to your child, let him fix his eyes on her. Move the picture (toy) so that at some point it disappears behind the screen, and then appears on the other side.

The child should develop an understanding that an object that has disappeared from the field of vision does not cease to exist and continues to move. When the baby has mastered this skill, he will look to the place of the future appearance of the picture from behind the sheet.

Everything is good in moderation

Moderation and pleasure are the main things in activities with a baby. Both mother and baby should be in a good mood. Play with your child when he is happy, calm, not hungry or tired. You should not get carried away only with visual reactions and orientation. For harmonious development, it is important to use all the organs of perception: hearing, touch, smell, taste. And remember that the main stimulus for the development of the visual system is the smile on the mother's face.

Sources:

PostNauka portal

Family website 7ya.ru

Photo: Unsplash; blog "Katerina Taberko's Bookcase"

When a newborn begins to see

May 23, 2022

23. 05

6 minutes

6 minutes.

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Many systems and organs of children differ from those of adults. Vision only confirms this rule. We understand how the eye of a child differs from the eye of an adult and at what age children begin to see well.

Article content

Features of the eye in children of the first year
Vision in newborns
What vision problems do children have?
How to stimulate the development of the vision of a newborn
FAQ
Expert opinion

Features of the eye in children of the first year

In the first years of life, children's visual analyzers grow and develop rapidly. Key changes occur in the first 3 years. The final formation of the eye is completed by 10–12 years. It completely stops growing only by the age of 18-20.

The main differences in the eye of a newborn:

sign	Characteristic
eyeball length	The anteroposterior axis (an imaginary line from the tear film to the retina) of a newborn is shorter at 17–18 mm (in an adult with normal vision, 22–24.5 mm).
Cornea	The diameter of the cornea is 8-9 mm (in an adult - about 12 mm). The radius of curvature is larger, flattening by the age of 7.
Iris and pupil	The iris contains little pigment. The pupil is narrow, as the muscles that regulate its work are poorly developed.
lens	It has a spherical shape, the radius of curvature is less than in adults. The refractive power is 2 times higher than in adults (43D in infants versus 20D in adults).
Retina	It has more layers, which, 6 months after birth, begin to thin and stretch.

There are also some differences in the structure of the anterior chamber of the eye and the visual analyzer itself. Their final formation is completed by 10 years. The structural features of the eye also determine the features of the child's vision.

Vision in newborns

The eye of a newborn child sees the world differently than the eye of an adult. The main differences in vision in a newborn are as follows:

Can't distinguish colors, only shades of grey.
The maximum visual acuity is observed at a distance of about 25 cm from the eye.
Visual acuity itself is sharply reduced to 0.005–0.015 at a rate of 0.8–1.0.
Light sensitivity is reduced. The child reacts only to the light source, but does not form a visual image.

Contrary to popular myth, a child does not see the world upside down. He generally does not distinguish visual images very well, which for the baby look more like spots of different shades of gray.

However, the development of vision at this age goes very quickly, already a month old child begins to focus his eyes at a greater distance and sees the primary colors - red, green, orange. A week after birth, he learns to distinguish facial expressions of an adult.

By 4-6 weeks, the baby begins to look into the eyes and smile at the mother. By three months, the child can already follow objects, distinguish faces and their expressions, recognize those who care for them, distinguish geometric shapes and examine objects.

Important! The iris of young children contains a small amount of pigment, so the color of the eyes in newborns is always blue. The final color of the eyes is formed at 10-12 years.

What vision problems do children have

Babies have congenital farsightedness. This means that the baby sees better at a distance than at close range. This usually goes away by the age of 10. Visual acuity at this age is rarely checked. However, this does not mean that children at this age cannot have vision problems.

The main ones are:

Blockage of the lacrimal canal. This is due to the structural features of the anterior chamber of the eye. Normally, the film covering the lacrimal canal resolves itself. However, if this does not happen, the canal remains clogged, leading to dropsy and other eye problems.
Cataract. Occurs due to exposure to teratogenic factors and genetic abnormalities.
Increased eye pressure. Blockage of the lacrimal canal or its other pathologies lead to the fact that fluid is not drained from the eyeball. Because of this, eye pressure rises.
Retinopathy and other retinal problems. Often seen in premature babies. They are the result of violations of intrauterine development and genetic factors.
Eye motility disorder. These include strabismus, nystagmus, ptosis. The only pathologies that parents can notice almost immediately. They manifest as impaired eye movement, inability to focus, and drooping eyelids.
Violation of light and color perception. These problems also occur due to improper formation of the retina. They often result from genetic disorders. The most famous of these disorders are color blindness and "night blindness" (impaired night vision).

Many of these diseases do not manifest themselves in any way. They are discovered by an ophthalmologist during a routine examination of the vision of infants during a routine medical examination. The first visit to the optometrist takes place a month after birth. The doctor examines the shape and size of the eyes, checks the fundus and, if necessary, prescribes other examinations.

Eye problems in newborns can be congenital or acquired. Due to the lack of obvious symptoms, parents cannot independently understand how the baby actually sees. Our doctors will remotely consult on any questions about children's vision and tell you when you need to undergo an ophthalmological examination.

How to stimulate the development of vision in a newborn

The world of visual images appears in children as soon as they open their eyes. But this world is gray and consists mainly of blurry spots. By the month, these spots become colored, and visual acuity improves slightly. Of course, we cannot stimulate the development of the eye. However, it is in our power to help the baby see better.

What can be done for this?

Get your eyes checked in a timely manner. Many eye diseases are asymptomatic and are detected by an ophthalmologist during a dispensary examination. Healthy eyes and timely treatment of such diseases are the key to good vision in the future.
Stimulate the organs of vision. It must be remembered that at first the child can only distinguish saturated colors, so toys at this age should be bright and large. Shades and smaller toys can be added as it grows and develops.
Monitor your baby's diet. The normal development of the organs of vision directly depends on what the baby eats. Breast milk is considered the optimal nutrition for a child in the first year of life. However, if for some reason the mother cannot or does not want to breastfeed, you need to choose the mixture that is most adapted and suitable for the baby.
Stimulate other senses of the baby. The sense organs are interconnected, therefore it is very important to develop other organs - hearing, touch, smell, taste. For newborns, hearing and touch are key. Therefore, it is important to talk with the baby, turn on music and sounds of nature for him to hear different sounds, use different tactile stimuli to develop touch.

Harmonious development of the child

Read also How to check eyesight in children

FAQ

How many months does it take for a baby to see well after birth?

Vision is fully formed only by 10 years. Prior to this, the child has some degree of farsightedness, which makes it difficult to focus near vision.

How do newborns see?

Children see the world in a black and white spectrum, and their visual acuity does not allow them to examine objects in detail. Color vision appears by the end of the first month of life, and he will begin to see more or less clearly by kindergarten.

Why do all newborns have blue eyes?

This is due to the amount of pigment in the iris. Newborns have too little of it, so all children of this age have gray-blue eyes. This is fine. The final color of the eyes is formed by 10 years.

What vision problems can a child have?

Newborns can have both congenital and acquired diseases. The main ones are cataracts, glaucoma, retinopathy, impaired motility of the eye muscles, blockage of the lacrimal canal.

Is it possible to develop a baby's vision?

It will not work to improve the child's vision with training, but this does not mean that you do not need to train the baby's eye. These activities strengthen muscles, aid sensory development, and help maintain eye health in the long run.

Expert opinion

The vision of a child is very different from that of an adult. Young children have poorer vision, poorer color discrimination, and less reaction to light. The complete formation of visual analyzers is completed only with the completion of human growth, that is, at 18–20 years of age. However, already at 10, the child begins to see in the same way as an adult.

We publish only verified information

Article author

Pruzhinin Mark Yulievich pediatrician

Experience 30 years

Consultations 1572

Articles 104

An experienced pediatrician with extensive experience and clinical experience in various medical organizations in the field of general pediatrics, resuscitation-anesthesiology and neuroinfection. Works with leading experts, attends international and Russian conferences.

Sources

... Egorov E.A., Astakhov Yu.S., Stavitskaya T.V. Ophthalmopharmacology: A guide for doctors.-M.: GEOTAR, 2004
... Bobrova, N.F.; Wit, V.V. Atlas of congenital and hereditary diseases of the organ of vision - Odessa: Palmyra, 2006.
... Eye diseases. Under the editorship of Professor V.G. Kopaeva Moscow "Medicine", 2002
. .. Ziangirova G.G., prof. Antonova O.V. Pathology of the outer parts of the retina in case of circulatory disorders in the choroidal basin.-M., 2006

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