Vaccination schedule in pregnancy

Vaccines During Pregnancy FAQs | Vaccine Safety

Moro PL, Zheteyeva Y, Lewis P, Shi J, Yue X, Museru OI, et al. Safety of quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (Gardasil®) in pregnancy: Adverse events among non-manufacturer reports in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 2006-2013. Vaccine. 2015 Jan 15; 33(4):519-22. Epub 2014 Dec 8.

Kharbanda EO, Vazquez-Benitez G, Lipkind H, Naleway AL, Klein NP, Cheetham TC, et al. Receipt of pertussis vaccine during pregnancy across 7 Vaccine Safety Datalink sites. Prev Med. 2014 Oct; 67: 316-9. Epub 2014 Jun 18.

Naleway AL, Irving SA, Henninger ML, Li DK, Shifflett P, Ball S, Williams JL, Cragan J, Gee J, Thompson MG, Vaccine Safety Datalink and Pregnancy and Influenza Project. Safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy: A review of subsequent maternal obstetric events and findings from two recent cohort studies. Vaccine. 2014 May 30; 32(26): 3122-3127. Epub 2014 Apr 14.

Naleway AL, Kurosky S, Henninger ML, Gold R, Nordin JD, Kharbanda EO, Irving S, Craig Cheetham T, Nakasato C, Glanz JM, Hambridge SJ, Davis RL, Klein NP, McCarthy NL, Weintraub E. Vaccinations given during pregnancy, 2002-2009: A descriptive study. Am J Prev Med. 2014 Feb; 46(2): 150-157.

Moro PL, Museru OI, Niu M, Lewis P, Broder K. Reports to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System after hepatitis A and hepatitis AB vaccines in pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2014 Jun; 210(6): 561.e1-6. Epub 2013 Dec 27.

Moro PL, Museru OI, Broder K, Cragan J, Zheteyeva Y, Tepper N, Revzina N, Lewis P, Arana J, Barash F, Kissin D, Vellozzi C. Safety of influenza A (h2N1) 2009 live attenuated monovalent vaccine in pregnant women. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Dec; 122(6): 1271-8.

Kharbanda EO, Vazquez-Benitez G, Lipkind H, Naleway A, Lee G, Nordin JD, Vaccine Safety Datalink Team. Inactivated influenza vaccine during pregnancy and risks for adverse obstetric events. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Sep; 122(3): 659-667.

Naleway AL, Gold R, Kurosky S, Riedlinger K, Henninger ML, Nordin JD, Kharbanda EO, Irving S, Cheetham TC, McCarthy NL. Identifying pregnancy episodes, outcomes, and mother-infant pairs in the Vaccine Safety Datalink. Vaccine. 2013 Jun 12; 31(27): 2898-2903. Epub 2013 Apr 30.

Henninger M, Naleway A, Crane B, Donahue J, Irving S. Predictors of seasonal influenza vaccination during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Apr; 121(4): 741-749.

Zheteyeva Y, Moro PL, Yue X, Broder K. Safety of meningococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccine in pregnancy: A review of the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jun; 208(6): 478.e1-6. Epub 2013 Feb 20.

Irving SA, Kieke BA, Donahue JG, Mascola MA, Baggs J, DeStefano F, Cheetham TC, Jackson LA, Naleyway AL, GLanz JM, Nordin JD, Belongia EA, Vaccine Safety Datalink. Trivalent inactivated Influenza vaccine and spontaneous abortion. Obstet Gynecol. 2013 Jan; 121(1): 159-65.

Moro PL, Tepper NK, Grohskopf LA, Vellozzi C, Broder K. Safety of seasonal influenza and influenza A (h2N1) 2009 monovalent vaccines in pregnancy. Expert Rev Vaccines. 2012 Aug; 11(8): 911-21.

Kharbanda EO, Vazquez-Benitez G, Shi WX, Lipkind H, Naleway A, Molitor B, Kuckler L, Olsen A, Nordin JD. Assessing the safety of influenza immunization during pregnancy: The Vaccine Safety Datalink. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Sep; 207(3 Suppl): S47-S51. Epub 2012 Jul 9.

Zheteyeva YA, Moro PL, Tepper NK, Rasmussen SA, Barash FE, Revzina NV, Kissin D, Lewis PW, Yue X, Haber P, Tokars JI, Vellozzi C, Broder KR. Adverse event reports after tetanus toxoid, reduced diphtheria toxoid, and acellular pertussis vaccines in pregnant women. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2012 Jul; 207(1):59.e1-7. Epub 2012 May 14.

Moro PL, Broder K, Zheteyeva Y, Revzina N, Tepper N, Kissin D, Barash F, Arana J, Brantley MD, Ding H, Singleton JA, Walton K, Haber P, Lewis P, Yue X, Destefano F, Vellozzi C. Adverse events following administration to pregnant women of influenza A (h2N1) 2009 monovalent vaccine reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Nov; 205(5): 473.e1-9. Epub 2011 Jun 21.

Moro PL, Broder K, Zheteyeva Y, Walton K, Rohan P, Sutherland A, Guh A, Haber P, Destefano F, Vellozzi C. Adverse events in pregnant women following administration of trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine and live attenuated influenza vaccine in the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System, 1990-2009. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011 Feb; 204(2): 146.e1-7. Epub 2010 Oct 20.

France EK, Smith-Ray R, McClure D, Hambidge S, Xu S, Yamasaki K, Shay D, Weintraub E, Fry AM, Black SB, Shinefield HR, Mullooly JP, Jackson LA. Impact of maternal influenza vaccination during pregnancy on the incidence of acute respiratory illness visits among infants. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006 Dec; 160(12): 1277-1283.

Black SB, Shinefield HR, France EK, Fireman BH, Platt ST, Shay D, Vaccine Safety Datalink Workgroup. Effectiveness of influenza vaccine during pregnancy in preventing hospitalizations and outpatient visits for respiratory illness in pregnant women and their infants. Am J Perinatol. 2004 Aug; 21(6):333-339.

Vaccinations and Pregnancy | March of Dimes

Make sure your vaccinations are up to date before you get pregnant.

When you do get pregnant, talk to your health care provider about vaccinations that are safe to get during pregnancy.

Vaccinations can help protect you from certain infections that can harm you and your baby during pregnancy.

Vaccinations you get during pregnancy help keep your baby safe from infection during the first few months of life until he gets his own vaccinations.

Pregnant and breastfeeding people who want to get vaccinated against COVID-19 may choose to do so.

What is a vaccination?

A vaccination is a shot that contains a vaccine. A vaccine is a medicine that helps protect you from certain diseases. During pregnancy, vaccinations help protect both you your baby. Make sure your vaccinations are current before you get pregnant. And talk to your health care provider about vaccinations that are safe to get during pregnancy.

Our vaccination chart shows which routine vaccinations are recommended before and during pregnancy. It’s based on the chart from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (also called CDC) shows which vaccinations are recommended before, during and after pregnancy.

Before you get any vaccination, tell your provider if you have any severe allergies or if you’ve ever had a severe allergic reaction to a vaccine. An allergy is a reaction to something you touch, eat or breathe in that makes you sneeze, itch, get a rash or have trouble breathing. For example, some vaccines are made with eggs. If you’re allergic to eggs, those vaccines may cause an allergic reaction for you. If you have allergies, your provider can tell you which vaccines are safe for you. And you may need to get the vaccine at your provider’s office or at a hospital or health clinic so you can get treatment quickly if you have an allergic reaction.

What vaccinations are recommended before pregnancy?

If you’re thinking about getting pregnant, get a preconception checkup. This is a medical checkup you get before pregnancy to help make sure you’re healthy when you get pregnant. At your checkup, ask your provider if you need any vaccinations and how long to wait after getting them to try to get pregnant.

If you have a copy of your vaccination record, share it with your provider. If you don’t have a copy, your provider can do blood tests in most cases to find out what vaccinations you need.

Your provider may recommend these vaccinations before you get pregnant:

Flu (also called influenza). Get a flu shot once a year during flu season (October through May). The flu is a serious disease that can cause fever, chills, cough, sore throat, body aches, vomiting and diarrhea. Getting the flu when you’re pregnant increases your risk of preterm labor and preterm birth (labor and birth before 37 weeks of pregnancy). Babies born prematurely may have more health problems and may need to stay in the hospital longer than babies born later. The flu shot is safe to get before and during pregnancy.

There are many different flu viruses, and they’re always changing. Each year a new flu vaccine is made to protect against three or four flu viruses that scientists think are going to be most common during the upcoming flu season.

HPV (stands for human papillomavirus). HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection (also called STI, sexually transmitted disease or STD) in this country. An STI is an infection you can get from having unprotected sex or intimate physical contact with someone who is infected. HPV can cause genital warts or cervical cancer. You can’t get the HPV vaccine during pregnancy, so if you need it, get it before you get pregnant.

MMR (stands for measles, mumps and rubella). You probably got the MMR vaccine as a child, but you may need a booster shot (another dose) as you get older. Before you get pregnant, ask your health care provider for a blood test to see if you’re immune to measles, mumps and rubella. If you do get a booster shot, get another blood test after the shot to check your immunity again before you get pregnant. Wait 4 weeks after you get an MMR vaccination before you get pregnant.

Measles spreads easily and can cause rash, cough and fever. It can be harmful during pregnancy and can cause miscarriage. Miscarriage is when a baby dies in the womb before 20 weeks of pregnancy. Mumps can cause fever, headache and swollen glands in the face and neck. Rubella can cause mild flu-like symptoms and a rash. It can cause serious problems during pregnancy, like miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth or congenital rubella syndrome (also called CRS). Stillbirth is when a baby dies in the womb after 20 weeks of pregnancy. CRS may cause a baby to be born with one or more birth defects, including heart defects, vision problems and hearing problems.

Varicella (also called chickenpox). Chickenpox spreads easily and can cause itchy skin, rash and fever. If you get chickenpox during pregnancy, it can cause birth defects. Birth defects are health conditions that are present at birth. They change the shape or function of one or more parts of the body. Birth defects can cause problems in overall health, how the body develops or how the body works. If you’re thinking about getting pregnant and haven’t had chickenpox or been vaccinated for it, tell your provider. This vaccination isn’t safe to get during pregnancy. If you need it, get it before you get pregnant. Wait 1 month after you get this vaccination to get pregnant.

Other vaccinations. Your provider may recommend vaccinations to protect you against other diseases, depending on your risk. These include:

Pneumonia. This is an infection in one or both lungs.
Meningitis. This is an infection that causes swelling in the brain and spinal cord.
Hepatitis A and B. These are liver infections caused by the hepatitis A and B viruses.
Haemophilus Influenzae Type b (also called Hib). This is a serious disease caused by bacteria. It can cause meningitis, pneumonia, other serious infections and death. Bacteria are tiny organisms that live in and around your body. Some bacteria are good for your body, and others can make you sick.
Tdap (stands for tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis). Pertussis also is called whooping cough. In some cases, providers recommend a Td vaccination, which protects against tetanus and diphtheria but not pertussis. Ask your provider what’s best for you.
COVID-19 vaccine. Coronavirus disease 2019, also called COVID-19, is a new disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pregnant people are at increased risk for severe illness from COVID-19. Learn more about vaccines for COVID-19.

What vaccinations are recommended during pregnancy?

The CDC recommends two vaccinations during pregnancy:

Flu shot if you weren’t vaccinated before pregnancy.
Tdap vaccine as early as possible between 27 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Getting the Tdap vaccine during pregnancy helps protect your baby from pertussis in the first few months of life before she gets vaccinated herself. The first few months after birth are when your baby’s most at risk of getting pertussis and when pertussis is most dangerous. Get a new Tdap vaccine during every pregnancy.

If your provider thinks you may be at risk, he may recommend vaccinations during pregnancy to help protect you from:

Hepatitis A and B
Meningitis
Pneumonia
Tetanus and diphtheria (Td vaccination), although the Tdap vaccination is recommended.

If you’re at high risk for serious infections because of travel outside the United States or other possible exposure, your provider may recommend these vaccinations during pregnancy:

Anthrax. This is a rare disease caused by bacteria. It can be found in soil, and people can get very sick when they come in contact with it. It’s not passed from person to person.
Japanese encephalitis. You can get the Japanese encephalitis virus from a bite from an infected mosquito. This disease can cause swelling of the brain. It kills 1 in 4 people who get infected.
Polio. This is a disease is caused by a virus that infects the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). It can cause lasting disabilities.
Rabies. You get rabies from a bite from an infected animal. If you’re bitten by an animal with rabies, call your health care provider right away. Rabies is a serious disease that can cause death if it’s not treated immediately.
Typhoid (also called typhoid fever). Typhoid fever is serious and common in most of the world. You can get it from food and water. It can cause high fever. In rare cases, it can cause internal bleeding (bleeding inside your body) and death.
Vaccinia (for smallpox). Smallpox is a disease caused by a virus. It can spread from person to person, causing a rash and sometimes death. You don’t need this vaccination unless you’ve been exposed to smallpox, which isn’t likely. Because of vaccinations, there have been no cases of smallpox in the United States since 1949 and in the world since 1977. If you think you’ve been exposed, tell your provider.
Yellow fever. This disease is caused by a virus and spread by infected mosquitoes. In some cases, it causes high fever, bleeding, organ failure and death.
COVID-19. According to the CDC, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) and the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM), pregnant and breastfeeding people may choose to get the COVID-19 vaccine when it’s available to them.

Can you get a COVID-19 vaccine with other vaccines?

The CDC is learning more about how safe and effective the COVID-19 vaccine is when it’s given at the same time as other vaccines, such as the flu or Tdap vaccine. The CDC currently recommends:

That you wait at least 14 days after getting the COVID-19 vaccine to get any other vaccine.
That you wait at least 14 days before getting a COVID-19 vaccine after getting other vaccines.
That you complete your vaccinations on schedule even if you’ve gotten a COVID-19 vaccine.

What vaccinations are not recommended during pregnancy?

These vaccinations are not recommended during pregnancy:

BCG for tuberculosis. Tuberculosis is caused by bacteria that usually infects the lungs.
HPV
MMR
Varicella
Zoster to protect you against shingles, which causes a painful rash

If you had any of these vaccinations before you knew you were pregnant, tell your provider.

What vaccinations are recommended after pregnancy?

If you haven’t caught up on vaccinations before or during pregnancy, do it after your baby’s born. This can help protect you from diseases in future pregnancies.

If you didn’t get the Tdap vaccine before or during pregnancy, get it right after you give birth. It takes your body 2 weeks to build up protection after getting vaccinated. Once that happens, you’re less likely to pass pertussis to your baby. Your baby gets his first pertussis vaccination at 2 months old. Until then, the best way to protect him is to get vaccinated yourself and keep him away from people who may have pertussis. Care givers, close friends, relatives and anyone else who spends time with your baby should get a Tdap vaccine at least 2 weeks before meeting your baby.

Your provider may recommend other vaccinations after you give birth. Most babies don’t start getting most vaccinations until they’re 2 months old. By getting vaccinated, you can help keep from getting sick and passing an illness to your baby.

If you’re breastfeeding, most vaccinations are safe for you and your baby. Tell your provider you’re breastfeeding before you get any vaccination to make sure it’s safe.

Do vaccinations cause autism spectrum disorder?

No. Vaccinations do not cause autism spectrum disorder (also called ASD). ASD is a developmental disability that can cause major social, communication and behavior challenges.

Last reviewed: September, 2021

See also: Your baby’s vaccinations

We are planning a pregnancy - vaccinations - EMC

Vaccination of women in preparation for a planned pregnancy

Often women have the question of whether it is necessary to vaccinate before and during pregnancy, from which infections and how to do it correctly.

Vaccination in preparation for pregnancy is due to the need to create an immune barrier against infections. What gives the prevention of primary infection of the pregnant woman and the fetus, and the complications associated with this. nine0005

In terms of the immune system, pregnancy is a major shock. During pregnancy, all organs and systems work differently, which also affects the immune system. Pregnancy is a condition that can lead to a significant decrease in immunity.

It is important to vaccinate before pregnancy against the following infections: rubella, viral hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, diphtheria, tetanus, influenza

Rubella

barrier. Among them, rubella is especially dangerous. The consequence of the illness of a pregnant woman who does not have immunity, from 75–9Congenital malformations in the fetus become a 5% chance. Congenital rubella is responsible for about 20% of malformations and occurs in more than 2 per 1000 live births.

If the woman has not had rubella, the vaccine must be given at least 2 months before the planned pregnancy. You can check the presence of immunity to rubella by immunological methods.

All current rubella vaccines are 95-100% effective. Immunity after vaccination lasts more than 20 years. The vaccine contains a live virus, the vaccination course consists of only one vaccination, i.e. immunity is formed immediately. Another positive effect of vaccination is the transfer of antibodies against rubella from mother's milk to the unborn child. nine0005

In no case should the rubella vaccine be given during pregnancy due to the theoretical, but still, possibility of damage to the fetus by the vaccine virus.

NB! For at least 2 months. after vaccination against rubella, it is necessary to protect yourself!

Viral hepatitis B

Strictly speaking, vaccination against viral hepatitis B is necessary for everyone. The hepatitis B virus does not have the ability to damage the fetus, like the rubella virus.

The hepatitis B virus is transmitted through blood and other bodily fluids. All pregnant women are subjected to injections, examinations, manipulations. Childbirth and potential transfusions of blood and blood products also pose an additional risk of possible infection with the hepatitis B virus.

The standard hepatitis B vaccination schedule is 0 – 1 – 6 months, i. e. selected day (0) - in a month (1) - in 6 months. (3) after the first vaccination. Ideally, it is better to start vaccination in such a way as to have time to do all three vaccinations before the start of pregnancy - i.e. for 6 months. nine0005

However, when preparing for a planned pregnancy in practice (unfortunately, few people think about vaccinations six months before pregnancy), this scheme will most likely look like: the selected day (0) - in a month (1) - in 6 - 12 months. (3) after the first. In other words, two vaccinations 1 month apart. provide immunity lasting up to 1 year, the third vaccination (done after childbirth) forms immunity lasting more than 15 years (modern vaccines have been used only since 1986, so the full duration of immunity has not been clarified). nine0005

The hepatitis B vaccine is a pure "Australian antigen", that is, only a part, or rather only one of the proteins of the virus. The effectiveness of vaccination in adults is on average 85-90%, adverse reactions are insignificant (a slight increase in temperature is possible in about 2% of those vaccinated and mild soreness at the injection site) in 5-10% of those who received the vaccine.

Poliomyelitis

The risk of infection with naturally circulating poliomyelitis both in Europe and in Russia is negligible - the last time the "wild" polio virus in the central regions of the Russian Federation was seen 10-15 years ago. But there is a more than real risk of contracting a live vaccine virus, since children in the country are receiving OPV, a live virus vaccine, without exception, in order to eradicate polio. nine0005

In many countries, vaccination (booster) with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) is recommended before pregnancy. One vaccination is enough to "remind" the immune system of the existence of the virus.

Diphtheria, tetanus

Diphtheria and tetanus vaccination is needed if the next vaccination is due or if you missed the previous vaccination. According to the calendar, vaccination against diphtheria and tetanus is done every 10 years after vaccination at 16 years old, that is, at 26 years old, 36 years old, etc. up to 60 years old. nine0% of adults do not remember and do not know about it. The vaccine is needed, first of all, for the unborn child, who needs to be protected from such a pathology as neonatal tetanus, an absolutely fatal infection. The child does not have its own antibodies to tetanus bacillus, and the mother's, transmitted with milk in the first days of feeding, will render the baby an invaluable service.

Influenza

Pregnant women whose 2nd to 3rd trimester coincides with an influenza epidemic should preferably be vaccinated against influenza 2 to 3 months before the epidemic. These recommendations are based on evidence of a higher susceptibility of pregnant women to severe influenza complications. In addition, vaccination is especially strongly recommended for pregnant women (as well as other adults and children) with chronic diseases. nine0005

It is best to get vaccinated against influenza before the planned pregnancy, if updated vaccines are available at that time (usually they appear in September), to protect in the current epidemic season. Modern inactivated influenza vaccines belonging to the classes of split (split-) and subunit drugs are not contraindicated and are even recommended for use during pregnancy.

Immunization schedule for pregnancy

Months before planned pregnancy	Vaccination
3 months	hepatitis B*(1), rubella
2 months	hepatitis B(2), poliomyelitis (IPV)
1 month	diphtheria-tetanus (ADS-M), influenza*
1 month postpartum	hepatitis B (3)

* — if it is not possible to start a hepatitis B vaccination course (see below) 6 months in advance. before the planned pregnancy, i.e. complete the vaccination before it starts

** - if the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy coincides with the annual flu epidemic In any case, while preparing for motherhood, check with your doctor about the necessary and desirable vaccinations.

There are contraindications. Read the instructions or consult a specialist.

Visit other sections of the site:

Pregnancy management program
Pregnancy planning in Yekaterinburg

Vaccination during pregnancy planning - health articles

Planning for pregnancy is an important stage in the life of any person. During this period, it is very important for a woman to pass a number of tests and undergo some examinations. Immunization is desirable. At the moment, it is carried out in order to prevent infection with measles, rubella and influenza. Even if a pregnant woman gets sick, the disease will be mild. nine0005

Vaccination against coronavirus is also important when planning pregnancy. This is due to the fact that women who are expecting a baby are at risk for the severe course of the pathology and the development of its complications.

Consider all aspects of vaccination.

Is vaccination necessary during pregnancy?

We have already figured out what we need! Immunization is recommended by international organizations working in the field of health. Moreover, the vaccine can be delivered already during pregnancy (from the 22nd week). At the same time, there is no scientific evidence confirming that earlier dates are not recommended for immunization. nine0005

Can the COVID-19 vaccination be combined with other vaccinations during pregnancy planning?

Yes! Drugs can be administered in one period. There must be 14 days between vaccinations. Therefore, a woman can quickly protect herself from influenza, whooping cough and a number of other diseases.

Should there be some time between vaccination and pregnancy planning (including with the use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART))?

Natural conception or entry into ART programs is not allowed between the introduction of the first and second component of two-component drugs. After the vaccination, 2-3 weeks should pass. This is due to the period of a possible acute immune response to the vaccine. In addition, a natural immune response should form. The date of entry into assisted reproductive technology programs is determined on an individual basis. It is advisable for a woman to consult a doctor. nine0005

As for men, it is possible to donate sperm for IVF or start natural conception after 3-5 days (including after the first vaccination when using two-component preparations). At the same time, it should be understood that the effect of vaccines on spermatogenesis has not yet been precisely established. If a man is worried about the quality of germ cells, it is recommended to consult a doctor.

If necessary, cryopreservation of eggs or spermatozoa before vaccination can also be resorted to. This procedure does not affect the quality of germ cells. At the same time, it allows you to quickly eliminate any existing doubts. nine0005

If the vaccine is not given in preparation for pregnancy, is it possible to administer the drug during pregnancy?

Relatively recently, the Ministry of Health changed the previously up-to-date instructions for the use of Sputnik V. The vaccine was allowed to be used for immunization of pregnant women. In this case, a consultation with a gynecologist is required. It will determine whether the expected benefit of the vaccine to the mother outweighs the potential risks to the baby. When is the best time to vaccinate? So far, the period has been set from the 22nd week of gestation. Perhaps it will change in the future, and it will be possible to vaccinate earlier. nine0005

Is it possible to have side effects after vaccination during pregnancy planning?

Some mistakenly believe that modern drugs can cause infertility. Such claims are not substantiated and are not supported by scientific evidence. Vaccination does not affect the planning of pregnancy and does not affect the fertility (ability to conceive) of men and women. It does not complicate the course of the process and does not contribute to the disruption of the menstrual cycle. nine0005

No relationship has been established between pregnancy loss and vaccinations. At the same time, the threat of miscarriage increases when infected with a coronavirus infection, especially in cases of a severe course of the disease.

Important! It should be remembered that vaccination, both by itself and at the stage of pregnancy planning, can cause a deterioration in well-being. Typically, patients complain of a slight fever, aching joints, headache, redness of the mucous membranes of the eyes, and other minor symptoms of standard colds. nine0005