Signs of nose bleed

Nosebleeds - Better Health Channel

Summary

Read the full fact sheet

Bleeding from the nose is common in children and is usually not a sign of any underlying problem.
First aid treatment includes pinching the nostrils until the bleeding stops.
If the nosebleed won’t stop, see a doctor or go to a hospital emergency department.

A nosebleed happens when one of the blood vessels in the lining of the nose bursts. Nosebleeds may be caused by infection, injury, allergic reaction, nose picking or an object being pushed into the nostril. Another name for nosebleed is epistaxis.

Bleeding from the nose is common in children and is usually not serious. Seek medical attention if nosebleeds are severe, frequent or prolonged.

Blood vessels in the nose are fragile

The small blood vessels in the septum (the firm tissue between the nostrils, which divides the nose into two halves) are fragile and can burst fairly easily, causing a nose bleed.

In children, the nose tends to bleed from only one side (unilateral).

Children usually grow out of the condition. If the bleeding is very heavy, prolonged or does not stop with first aid measures, take your child to a doctor or a hospital emergency department.

Symptoms of nosebleeds

The signs and symptoms of a nosebleed include:

bleeding from either or both nostrils
a sensation of flowing liquid at the back of the throat
the urge to swallow frequently.

Causes of nosebleeds

A nosebleed can be caused by a range of factors, including:

fragile blood vessels that bleed easily, perhaps in warm dry air or after exercise
an infection of the nose lining, sinuses or adenoids
an allergy that causes hay fever or coughing
bumps or falls
an object that has been pushed up the nostril
nose picking
occasionally, a bleeding or clotting problem.

First aid management for nosebleeds

To manage a nosebleed include:

Reassure the person, especially children, as crying increases blood flow.
Sit the person up straight and drop their head slightly forward.
Apply finger and thumb pressure on the soft part of nostrils below the bridge of the nose for at least 10 minutes.
Encourage the person to breathe through their mouth while their nostrils are pinched.
Loosen tight clothing around the neck.
Place a cold cloth or cold pack over the person’s forehead and one around the neck, especially around the sides of the neck.
After 10 minutes, release the pressure on the nostrils and check to see if the bleeding has stopped.
If bleeding persist, seek medical aid.
Tell the person not to sniff or blow their nose for at least 15 minutes and not to pick their nose for the rest of the day. (Having a nose full of clotted blood is unpleasant and children in particular may find it difficult to avoid sniffing or nose blowing for a few hours. Fifteen minutes will at least give some time for the clot to stabilise.)

You should go to the doctor or a hospital emergency department if the bleeding does not stop after simple first aid management. It is important to find and treat the cause of ongoing bleeding.

Frequent nosebleeds

If your child keeps having nosebleeds, see your doctor as the cause needs to be understood and treatment commenced. For example, if the cause is an ongoing infection, your doctor may prescribe an antibiotic ointment or medicine. Very occasionally, a child loses so much blood that this causes other health problems, such as anaemia.

Where to get help

Your doctor
NURSE-ON-CALL Tel. 1300 606 024 – for expert health information and advice (24 hours, 7 days)
The nearest hospital emergency department

Things to remember

Bleeding from the nose is common in children and is usually not a sign of any underlying problem.
First aid treatment includes pinching the nostrils until the bleeding stops.
If the nosebleed won’t stop, see a doctor or go to a hospital emergency department.

Australian First Aid, 2012, 4^th Edition, St John Ambulance Australia.

This page has been produced in consultation with and approved by:

What Is Hemophilia?

Overview

Hemophilia happens when you don’t have enough clotting factors to help control how much you bleed. People with hemophilia may bleed for no apparent reason. They may bleed more than normal after being injured or having surgery. Clotting factors are proteins in your blood that work with your platelets (top) to stop or slow bleeding. Without clotting factors, you may have excessive or uncontrollable bleeding.

What is hemophilia?

Hemophilia is a rare, inherited blood disorder that causes your blood to clot less, which results in an increased risk of bleeding or bruising.

Hemophilia happens because your body doesn’t make enough protein (clotting factors) to help your blood form clots. Clotting factors are proteins in your blood. They work with your platelets to form blood clots that control bleeding. Low clotting factor levels increase bleeding risk.

There are several types of hemophilia. Hemophilia may be severe, moderate or mild based on the amount of clotting factor in your blood.

Healthcare providers treat this condition by replacing the missing clotting factor. There isn’t a cure for hemophilia, but people who receive treatment generally live nearly as long as people who don’t have hemophilia. Providers are researching gene therapy and gene replacement therapy as new ways to treat and possibly cure hemophilia.

Can people develop hemophilia?

Yes, but that rarely happens. Acquired hemophilia, or hemophilia that isn’t inherited, develops when autoantibodies start to attack a specific clotting factor. (Antibodies are protective proteins your immune system makes. Autoantibodies attack antibodies, essentially attacking your body’s own cells, tissues and proteins.)

Is hemophilia a common disease?

No, it’s not. According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in August 2022, about 33,000 people in the U. S. have hemophilia. Hemophilia typically affects men and people assigned male at birth (AMAB). Rarely, women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) may have clotting factor levels that are so low that they develop symptoms such as having very heavy periods.

What are hemophilia types?

There are three types of hemophilia:

Hemophilia A: This is the most common type of hemophilia. It happens when you don’t have enough clotting factor 8 (factor VIII). The CDC estimates about 10 in 100,000 people have hemophilia A.
Hemophilia B: Hemophilia B happens when you don’t have enough clotting factor 9 (factor IX.) The CDC estimates about 3 in 100,000 people in the U.S. have hemophilia B.
Hemophilia C: Hemophilia C is also known as factor 11 (factor XI) deficiency. This hemophilia type is very rare, affecting 1 in 100,000 people.

Is hemophilia a serious illness?

It can be. People with severe hemophilia may develop life-threatening bleeding, but they’re more likely to develop bleeding in their muscles and joints.

Symptoms and Causes

What are hemophilia symptoms?

The most significant symptom is unusual or excessive bleeding or bruising.

People with hemophilia may develop large bruises after minor injuries. This is a sign of bleeding under their skin.
They may bleed for an unusually long time, whether that’s bleeding after surgery, bleeding after dental treatment or simply bleeding from a cut finger.
They may start bleeding for no apparent reason, such as sudden bloody noses.

How much bruising or bleeding people have depends on whether they have severe, moderate or mild hemophilia:

People with severe hemophilia often have spontaneous bleeding or bleeding for no apparent reason.
People with moderate hemophilia who have serious injuries may bleed for an unusually long time.
People with mild hemophilia may have unusual bleeding, but only after major surgery or injury.

Other symptoms may include:

Joint pain from internal bleeding. Joints in your ankles, knees, hips and shoulders may ache, swell or feel hot to the touch.
Bleeding into your brain. People with severe hemophilia very rarely develop life-threatening bleeding into their brains. Brain bleeds may cause persistent headaches, double vision or make you feel very sleepy. If you have hemophilia and have these symptoms, get help right away.

What are hemophilia symptoms in babies and children?

Sometimes, babies assigned male at birth with hemophilia are diagnosed because they bleed more than usual after being circumcised. Other times, children develop symptoms a few months after they’re born. Common symptoms include:

Bleeding: Babies and toddlers may bleed from their mouths after minor injuries, like bumping their mouths on a toy.
Swollen lumps on their heads: Babies and toddlers who bump their heads often develop goose eggs — large round lumps on their heads.
Fussiness, irritability or refusal to crawl or walk: These symptoms may happen if babies and toddlers have internal bleeding into a muscle or joint. They may have areas on their bodies that look bruised and swollen, feel warm to your touch or make your child hurt when you gently touch the area.
Hematomas: A hematoma is a mass of congealed blood that gathers under babies’ or toddlers’ skin. Babies and toddlers may develop hematomas after receiving an injection.

What causes hemophilia?

Certain genes create clotting factors. In inherited hemophilia, the genes carrying instructions for making normal clotting factors mutate or change. The mutated genes may give instructions that end up making abnormal clotting factors or not enough clotting factors. That said, about 20% of all hemophilia cases are spontaneous, meaning someone has the disease even though there’s no family history of abnormal bleeding.

How do people inherit hemophilia?

Hemophilia A and B are both sex-linked disorders that are inherited in an X-linked recessive manner. Here’s how that happens:

Everyone receives one set of chromosomes from their biological mother and one set of chromosomes from their biological father. If you get an X chromosome from your mother and an X chromosome from your father, you are assigned female at birth. If you get an X chromosome from your mother and a Y chromosome from your father, you are assigned male at birth. In other words, a mother will always pass an X chromosome to her offspring. The father will determine the assigned sex at birth by providing either an X or a Y chromosome.
If a woman has an abnormal factor gene on one of their X chromosomes, they carry hemophilia but may not have symptoms. That’s because there’s a normal factor gene on their second X chromosome.
If a woman who carries an X chromosome with a defective gene for producing factor 8 (or factor 9) has a male child, that child has a 50% chance of inheriting the X chromosome that carries the abnormal factor gene.
If that same woman has a female child, that child has a 50% chance of inheriting the faulty chromosome and abnormal factor gene. That child likely wouldn’t have symptoms because they’ll also inherit a normal X chromosome from their father.
In other words, a woman who inherits a faulty X chromosome and abnormal factor gene will carry hemophilia. They may not have symptoms, but they can pass the condition on to their children. There’s a 50% chance that any children they have — boys or girls — will inherit hemophilia. Boys who do inherit hemophilia are more likely to have severe symptoms. That’s because they don’t get a healthy X chromosome from their father.

Do women ever develop hemophilia symptoms?

They can, but those symptoms tend to be mild. For example, a woman carrying the hemophilia gene may not have the normal clotting factors or not enough clotting factors. When that happens, they may have unusually heavy menstrual periods and they may bruise easily. They may bleed more after childbirth and they may develop joint problems if they have internal bleeding into their joints.

Diagnosis and Tests

How do healthcare providers diagnose hemophilia?

A healthcare provider will start by doing a complete history and physical examination. If you have hemophilia symptoms, the provider will ask about your family’s medical history. Providers may do the following tests:

Complete blood count (CBC): Providers use this test to measure and study blood cells.
Prothrombin time (PT) test: Providers use this test to see how quickly your blood clots.
Activated partial thromboplastin time test: This is another blood test to time blood clot formation.
Specific clotting factor test(s): This blood test show levels of specific clotting factor levels (such as factor 8 and factor 9).

What are clotting factor levels?

Clotting factors help control bleeding. Healthcare providers categorize hemophilia as being mild, moderate or severe based on the amount of clotting factors in your blood:

People who have 5% to 30% of the normal amount of clotting factors in their blood have mild hemophilia.
People with 1% to 5% of the normal level of clotting factors have moderate hemophilia.
People with less than 1% of the normal clotting factors have severe hemophilia.

Management and Treatment

How do healthcare providers treat hemophilia?

They treat hemophilia by boosting clotting factor levels or replacing missing clotting factors (replacement therapy).

In replacement therapy, you receive human plasma concentrates or lab-made (recombinant) clotting factors. In general, only people with severe hemophilia need regular replacement therapy. People with mild or moderate hemophilia who need surgery may receive replacement therapy. They may also receive antifibrinolytics, a medication that keeps blood clots from breaking down.

Blood factor concentrates are made from donated human blood that’s been treated and screened to reduce the risk of transmitting infectious diseases, such as hepatitis and HIV. People receive replacement factors via intravenous infusion (IV).

If you have severe hemophilia and frequent bleeding episodes, your healthcare provider may prescribe prophylactic factor infusions to prevent bleeding.

What are treatment complications?

Some people who have replacement therapy develop antibodies, called inhibitors, which attack the clotting factors that control bleeding. Healthcare providers use a technique called immune tolerance induction (ITI). ITI involves clotting factors given on a daily basis to bring down inhibitor levels. ITI may be a long-term treatment, and some people may need this treatment for months or years.

Prevention

Can people prevent hemophilia?

No, they can’t. If you have hemophilia and have children, your healthcare provider may recommend genetic testing so you and your children know whether they might pass hemophilia on to their children.

Outlook / Prognosis

What can I expect if I have hemophilia?

If you have hemophilia, you’ll need medical treatment for the rest of your life. How much treatment you’ll need depends on your condition type, severity and if you develop inhibitors.

What is the lifespan expectancy for someone with hemophilia?

According to 2012 data from the World Federation of Hemophilia, the lifespan for men and people AMAB with hemophilia is about 10 years fewer than the lifespan for men/people AMAB without hemophilia. The federation also states that children diagnosed with and treated for hemophilia have a normal life expectancy.

But everyone is different. What’s true for one person with hemophilia may not be true for others. If you or your child has hemophilia, ask your provider what you can expect. They know your/your child’s situation, including overall health, and they’re your best resource for information.

Living With

How do I take care of myself?

People with hemophilia may need ongoing medical treatment to prevent bleeding. They may need to avoid certain activities and medications. But there are many things you can do to manage the impact hemophilia may have on the quality of your life.

Activities to avoid

Bumps, falls and hard knocks that other people shake off may be serious issues for people with hemophilia. They may need to avoid activities that increase their risk of being hit or falling down after being hit. Examples include:

Playing football, hockey or rugby.
Participating in boxing or wrestling.
Riding motorcycles.
Riding skateboards.

Participating in other sports such as soccer, basketball and baseball may increase your risk of injuries. Ask your healthcare provider what you can do, like using protective gear, so you can play these sports.

Medications to avoid

Pain medications like aspirin, ibuprofen and naproxen keep your blood from clotting well. You should also avoid anticoagulants such as heparin or warfarin.

Activities and actions to improve quality of life

There are many things you can do to limit the impact hemophilia may have on your quality of life:

Develop an exercise routine: You may worry about hurting yourself during exercise. Talk to your provider about ways to reduce the risk of bleeding while staying active.
Manage your stress: Hemophilia is a lifelong illness. It may take extra effort to balance your obligations to your family and work.
Have good dental hygiene: Brushing, flossing and regular visits to your dentist reduce the risk that you’ll need dental treatment that may cause bleeding. Be sure your dentist knows about your medical condition.
Aim for a weight that’s healthy for you: Managing your weight may help if you’re having trouble getting around because internal bleeding damaged your joints.
Educate those around you: If you have a severe form of hemophilia, you may have spontaneous bleeding that’s hard to control even if you’re taking medication. Make sure your family knows what to do if you have spontaneous bleeding. If your child has hemophilia, make sure care providers and school officials know what to do if your child has bleeding issues.

When should I see my healthcare provider?

Contact your healthcare provider if you notice changes in your body, like increased bleeding or bruising.

When should I go to the emergency room?

You should go to the emergency room if:

You have severe headaches or double vision. These symptoms may mean you have bleeding in your brain.
You have joint swelling and/or pain and you don’t have access to factor replacement medication.

What questions should I ask my healthcare provider?

If you or your child is diagnosed with hemophilia, you may want to ask your provider some of the following questions:

What type of hemophilia do I/does my child have?
What treatments do you recommend?
What are treatment side effects?
Will I/my child always need treatment?
What activities will I/my child need to avoid?
What medications will I/my child need to avoid?
What are things I can do to manage the impact this condition may have on my/my child’s life?

A note from Cleveland Clinic

Hemophilia is a rare, inherited blood disorder that changes people’s lives. People with hemophilia may need medical treatment for the rest of their lives. Parents of children with hemophilia may feel anxious about protecting them from accidental injuries. They may worry about helping their children learn to live with hemophilia. At this time, healthcare providers can’t cure hemophilia. They can provide treatment to prevent or reduce hemophilia symptoms. And they can make recommendations for steps people can take to limit hemophilia’s impact on daily life.

Nosebleeds - causes, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment

We perform tests for SARS coronovirus.. :.PCR - tests and blood for antibodies.
Please, specify the information by phone. +7(925)793-45-41

Epistaxis is the outflow of blood from the nasal cavity. Blood can either flow out through the nostrils or drain inward along the back of the throat. Usually, such bleeding stops on its own, as the damaged vessels are of small diameter. Very rarely, this condition requires medical attention.

Causes

The causes of bleeding are divided into local and general. Local include:
- Head and/or nose injuries.
- Infectious diseases of the nasopharynx, larynx and trachea.
- Operations on the nasal cavity.
- Neoplasms in the nose.
- Inhalation of irritants (hot vapour, acid and alkali fumes, gas).
- Increased air dryness.
Common causes:
- Sudden increase/decrease in blood pressure.
- Hereditary or acquired bleeding disorder.
- Increased vascular fragility.
- Willebrand-Diana disease (hereditary blood disorder).
- Infectious diseases, especially influenza.
Symptoms

The most obvious symptom of anterior bleeding is bleeding from one or both nostrils, in streams or drops. Posterior nosebleeds do not manifest themselves in any way until the blood enters the gastrointestinal tract. Then patients experience nausea, vomiting (coffee grounds), hemoptysis, tarry stools.

Clinical manifestations depend on the volume of blood loss. If it is only a few milliliters, the person's condition will not change, but people with hemophobia may faint. If the bleeding is prolonged and continues, the person complains of dizziness, flies before the eyes, weakness, tinnitus, tachycardia. At the same time, his skin is pale, covered with sweat.

Diagnostics

A surgeon, an otorhinolaryngologist or a general practitioner listens to the patient's complaints, collects an anamnesis and necessarily specifies the presence of chronic diseases, such as arterial hypertension, pathology of the liver, blood vessels, hemophilia. In addition, it is important to know if the patient has had recent surgeries and is taking any medications. Be sure to find out how often nosebleeds recur.

After the interview, the doctor examines the nasal cavity, mouth and pharynx, measures blood pressure. Perform a complete blood count to evaluate the number of red blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin and color index. A coagulogram and a biochemical blood test are also prescribed to check liver function.

Treatment

A person can stop nosebleeds on their own. To do this, it is enough to tilt your head forward and strongly press the wings of the nose against the septum for 5 minutes. Contrary to a well-known myth, it is forbidden to throw your head back, as blood will run into your throat.

First aid:
- pressing the wings of the nose;
- cold compress on the nose;
- insertion into the nostril of a tampon soaked in adrenaline;
Mechanical ways to stop bleeding from the nose:
- anterior and posterior tamponade;
- cauterization of a bleeding vessel;
- hemostatic therapy;
- surgical methods: flashing of vessels, their embolization, ligation of arteries.

Preventive measures include:
- Air humidification.
- Wetting of the nasal mucosa.
- Avoidance of head injury.
- SARS prevention.
- Blood pressure monitoring.

Licenses

Reviews

Your name:

Phone number:*

* I agree with the rules for processing personal data set out in the privacy policy

Fields marked with "*" are mandatory.

Ask a doctor a question

Your name

Your e-mail "*"

Message

for filling.

Order hospitalization

Your name:

Phone number:*

Comment:

* I agree with the rules for processing personal data set out in the privacy policy

Fields marked with "*" are required.

Leave a review

Send a letter

Your name

Your e-mail

Topic

* agrees with the Rules for the processing of personal data established in the Gonced Policy

Take the first step - make an appointment

Leave your contacts and we will contact you as soon as possible.

Your name:

Phone number or e-mail:*

Select date:

Note:

required to fill out.

Appointment

* I agree with the rules for processing personal data set out in the privacy policy

Frequent nosebleeds: what are the causes and what to do?

Bleeding from the nose due to trauma is usually not a problem, but if it occurs without any mechanical impact, and even more often, this should alert

What can be the causes of frequent nosebleeds and how they can be cured - says Olga Pavlovna Soloshenko, an otorhinolaryngologist at the Semeynaya clinic.

If the bleeding does not occur from trauma and recurs periodically, it is better not to delay the visit to the ENT. After all, bleeding can be anterior and posterior - the second happens less often, but it is much more dangerous. With anterior bleeding, blood only goes out, with posterior bleeding, it flows into the mouth or stomach along the back of the pharynx. Posterior is usually caused by damage to larger vessels that are located deep in the nasal cavity. It is very difficult to stop back bleeding without a doctor.

Causes of nosebleeds:

Injuries. Injury to the nose is often fraught with cartilage fractures. As a rule, this is accompanied by swelling and pain.
High blood pressure. Very common cause. Due to a sharp jump, the walls of the capillaries easily burst. Pressure rises due to overload, as well as in the presence of diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Sunstroke and any sudden increase in body temperature.
Overwork.
Hormonal changes. Bleeding may occur in women during the months of pregnancy or menopause, and in adolescents at puberty.
Dry air. It causes dryness of the mucous membranes.
Poor blood clotting.
ENT diseases. Sinusitis, sinusitis, rhinitis - all of them can cause bleeding, especially with the constant use of drugs that thin the mucous membrane.
Vascular problems. Even infectious diseases such as chickenpox, measles, influenza, etc. can lead to them.
Polyps, adenoids, tumors. In addition to occasional bleeding, they simply make breathing difficult.
Foreign body - can damage the mucous membranes and blood vessels.
Deficiency of vitamins K, C and calcium.

First aid rules for nosebleeds:

Lie down (or position the patient) with legs down
Tilt head forward
Place a cold compress on the bridge of the nose for a few minutes
Cover nose with hand or insert swab pre-moistened with hydrogen peroxide
Drops for vasoconstriction can be instilled

Attention, this must not be done!

Throwing the head back (contrary to popular belief) - blood can enter the respiratory tract
Blow your nose - so as not to increase bleeding without it.

Which cases require an immediate call to a doctor and an ambulance

In case of loss of consciousness
For excessive bleeding
Blood flows with clear fluid (this may occur after trauma and indicate a skull fracture)
If vomiting of blood occurs (possibly indicating bleeding in the esophagus or stomach)
Foamy blood (possible with lung injury)
In a patient with diabetes mellitus
If the patient is known to have poor blood clotting

Treatment

Treatment of bleeding is carried out in a complex manner. Often, an otorhinolaryngologist works in conjunction with a general practitioner, neurologist, endocrinologist, and hematologist.

At the first examination, the doctor determines the type of bleeding - anterior or posterior. Also, the patient is required to pass a general blood test and a coagulogram (analysis of blood coagulation indicators). In addition, it is important to measure the pressure, because if it is above the norm (the absolute norm is 120/80 mm Hg, but these figures change depending on age), the blood will not stop until it decreases.

In case of significant blood loss, the patient may be left in the hospital.

As a treatment for bleeding, it is possible to pack the nasal cavity, cauterize vessels (with drugs, laser, ultrasound, etc.), remove polyps. If there is no result, surgical ligation of vessels in problem areas is performed. In addition, drugs are prescribed that increase blood clotting.

Prevention

Taking drugs that strengthen the walls of blood vessels
Nutrition rich in vitamins and minerals
Air humidification during the heating season
Injury Prevention
Monitoring blood pressure and taking medications to lower it

Nosebleeds are not only unpleasant, but also dangerous. Therefore, as soon as it begins to bother you regularly, it is important to see a doctor as soon as possible. It is better to exclude all the most terrible causes of such a phenomenon as soon as possible and then it is already calmer to engage in further treatment.

Welcome

Find us on iTunes!

Popular Posts