When does pregnancy rhinitis occur and how long does it last?

Most often, pathology occurs:

• up to and including the 20th week of pregnancy - in this case, rhinitis usually resolves on its own (after about a month or two) and does not manifest itself in the later stages;
• after the 20th week of pregnancy - this condition can continue until childbirth and after them (after 2-3 weeks).

If the symptoms last longer than two months and are not relieved by any independent action (vasoconstrictor sprays are prohibited!), then the cause may be hiding in a chronic disease.

Symptoms of pregnancy rhinitis

• Difficult nasal breathing, nasal congestion;
• Nasal discomfort, sneezing;
• Presence of clear mucous discharge;
• Feeling of constriction in the region of the nose and sinuses;
• Mild headaches.

Difficulty in nasal breathing in the mother leads to sleep disturbance and hypoxia, which is also felt by the fetus.

Causes of pregnancy rhinitis

The pathogenesis of the disease is still a controversial issue. Most doctors are inclined to believe that it is of a hormonal nature and is associated with an increased level of estrogen and acetylcholine in the blood serum (as a result), which leads to hyperemia of the nasal mucosa and swelling. The concentration of estradiol, estrone, estriol in the bloodstream of pregnant women increases, in some future mothers, for this reason, the shape of the nose may change, it may increase in size.

There is evidence that pregnant women with symptoms of vasomotor rhinitis have elevated serum placental hormone levels. Another reason that can cause long-term nasal obstruction is the tone of smooth muscle cells under the influence of the inhibitory action of the steroid hormone progesterone. It causes fluid retention in the body and has such a side effect on the nasal mucosa.

Histochemical studies have shown that nasal congestion may occur due to plethora due to hyperactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system in pregnant women.

How to distinguish the symptoms of pregnancy rhinitis from other pathologies?

Symptoms of rhinitis during pregnancy are really similar to manifestations of other diseases, for example, viral infections, sinusitis. It is difficult for a future mother to distinguish a pathology by external signs, therefore a doctor's consultation is necessary. Our clinic employs specialists with extensive experience who will quickly diagnose and prescribe treatment.

If the symptoms are accompanied by a sore throat, fever, then this indicates the presence of a bacterial and/or viral infection or other inflammatory process.

With sinusitis, mucous discharge may have a yellowish or greenish tinge. When pressing in the area of ​​the maxillary and frontal sinuses, there are painful sensations, when the head is tilted, the pain may intensify. Also, sinusitis often causes an increase in temperature, while with nasal obstruction, such symptoms are not observed.

Sometimes rhinitis of pregnancy is confused with allergic rhinitis, which may worsen, there may be sensitization to allergens to which patients have not previously reported sensitivity.

Treatment of pregnancy rhinitis

In our clinic, a thorough diagnosis is carried out in order to exclude diseases similar to rhinitis in terms of symptoms. After the examination, individual treatment is prescribed depending on the severity, severity and indications.

Treatment is complicated by the fact that many drugs can cause contraction of the myometrium and fetal circulation or vasoconstriction with impaired placental function. Therefore, a doctor should prescribe drug therapy, you can not use drugs on your own - they can cause a violation of the development of the fetus.

General advice for pregnant women with symptoms of rhinitis

1. Washing the nose with mild saline solution (2 teaspoons of sea salt per glass of water). Salt solution improves the discharge of nasal mucus and reduces the feeling of congestion.
2. Nasal douches (nose washers) are very helpful. You can use regular saline for them.
3. Ventilate the room before going to bed, use humidifiers. Dry air can exacerbate unpleasant symptoms.
4. Use a high pillow (or multiple pillows) to sleep with your head well above your torso.
5. Walking in the fresh air before going to bed is useful.
6. Do morning exercises and breathing exercises several times a day to reduce the symptoms of hypoxia.
7. Do not wear perfume and stay away from smokers.

Do not use vasoconstrictor nasal drops during pregnancy as they may cause vasomotor rhinitis.

Preparations for the treatment of rhinitis

Preparations for use during pregnancy are selected with great care and individually. Pregnant women are not given oral systemic corticosteroids, although their effect on the fetus is not fully understood. In some cases, the doctor prescribes corticosteroids in the form of aerosols. Oral antihistamines are also not prescribed due to the increased risk of embryopathies. The choice of physiotherapy is also limited, because most methods negatively affect the development of the fetus.

If you suffer from rhinitis, headaches or other unpleasant symptoms, we advise you to see a doctor immediately. Timely treatment is the key to the quality of life of the mother, which is very important for bearing the fetus. And also allows you not to miss other more serious diseases that can adversely affect the health of the mother and child.

Important! Do not use drugs that were prescribed to you by a doctor before pregnancy, or drugs prescribed to someone else.

Rhinitis during pregnancy usually does not pose a threat to either the fetus or the mother, but improper treatment can lead to unpredictable consequences.

Seeing a doctor early can help keep you healthy.
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treatment of diseases of the ear, throat, nose in children and adults

This normalizes the pressure in the chest cavity and cranial cavity, which contributes to the best blood circulation in the vital organs. Back in the 19th century, it was found that nasal congestion leads to problems with heart rhythm, and also negatively affects the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. Therefore, nasal congestion should not be neglected! Moreover, you should pay close attention to the runny nose for pregnant women.

Not everyone knows, but the nose is closely related to the work of the female reproductive system. The so-called genital points of Fliess are located in the region of the anterior end of the middle turbinate and in the mucous membrane of the tubercle of the nasal septum. During normal nasal breathing, reflexes from these points contribute to the optimal physiological function of the female genital organs. In diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses with difficulty in nasal breathing, normal reflexes disappear from these points, pathological reflexes appear and various diseases or dysfunctions of the female genitalia occur, which may be associated, including premature birth, weak labor activity, pathology fetus. In addition, in the course of a series of experiments, it was found that irritation of the nasal mucosa is accompanied by a stronger contraction of the uterus than its contraction due to irritation of other parts of the body. In this regard, it is very important to pay special attention to the prevention of diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in pregnant women.

In general, the concept of "runny nose" is a household and simple generalized name for more than two dozen different diseases known to specialists. The Internet and the pages of various near-medical magazines are full of all kinds of "good" advice on its treatment. These are decoctions of herbs, and plant juices, and even secretions from human and animal organisms. With the results of such alternative treatment, then ENT doctors have to fight. Burns of the nasal mucosa, allergic reactions, severe sinusitis - this is an incomplete list of possible consequences. Therefore, when a runny nose appears, it is not recommended to delay visiting a specialist, and even more so to apply untested and medically unreasonable methods of treatment to yourself.

Returning to the topic of the question, I would like to note that during pregnancy, the most common diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses in patients are: acute rhinitis (acute rhinitis), sinusitis (or sinusitis), allergic rhinitis and hypertrophic rhinitis (varieties of chronic rhinitis).

Consider the main diseases. Acute rhinitis is an acute infectious disease that occurs with inflammation of the nasal mucosa, most often caused by viruses (rhinovirus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, etc. ). From the very beginning, it is preferable to use synthetic preparations of interferon, the main antiviral protection factor, for example, the drug "Grippferon" for treatment. Unfortunately, this group of drugs is officially contraindicated for pregnant women. But it is possible to use frequent irrigation of the nasal cavity with saline solutions in order to reduce the concentration of irritants on the mucous membrane. It is very important not to ignore the indication: in case of a cold, keep your feet warm and avoid drafts. Cold irritation of the receptors of the skin of the feet reflexively increases the permeability of the vessels of the upper respiratory tract, facilitating the penetration of the infection into the body. Do not rush at the slightest sign of a cold and acute rhinitis to pour vasoconstrictor drops into the nose in abundance: naphthyzinum, glazolin, sanorin and other analogues. Edema of the nasal mucosa is a positive, evolutionarily acquired, protective phenomenon that prevents the virus from entering the body further through the barrier - the nasal mucosa. The use of vasoconstrictor drops is justified only in cases where the course of acute rhinitis is complicated by the development of otitis media or sinusitis. Indeed, in large doses, they can adversely affect blood circulation, and their abuse can provoke drug dependence and the development of hypertrophic rhinitis. It is better for pregnant women with severe rhinitis to use vasoconstrictor drops "for babies" with a minimum concentration of the active drug.

The next disease we propose to consider is hypertrophic rhinitis. It is caused by an increase in the size of the turbinates - special outgrowths on the side wall of the nasal cavity that regulate the speed of air flow. Their excessive increase sharply complicates breathing through the nose. In addition to the abuse of vasoconstrictor drops, the development of this disease in pregnant women is promoted by increased venous pressure (due to an increase in the uterus, a decrease in the amplitude of movement of the diaphragm and difficulty in outflow of venous blood), as well as a physiological lack of hormones of the adrenal cortex responsible for vascular tone. At the initial stage, in the treatment of the disease, breathing exercises can be used (slow inhalation and exhalation through the nose with a frequency of five respiratory movements per minute), oxygen breathing through the nose, massage of reflex points (paranasal points and he-gu points on the left hand between the index and thumbs). Massage of biologically active points is performed counterclockwise for at least two minutes. In an advanced stage, the treatment of the disease is surgical (radio wave, laser, ultrasonic or mechanical action on the turbinates aimed at reducing their size). In the presence of hypertrophic rhinitis and dependence on vasoconstrictor drops, it is best to get rid of these diseases in advance, before the planned desired pregnancy, or if the disease developed during pregnancy, then in a planned manner after its resolution.

In the event that a cold and a runny nose do not go away for a certain amount of time, and facial pains aggravate when the head is tilted, the amount of discharge from the nose increases, which becomes thick, greenish (purulent) appearance, you should immediately contact to an ENT specialist. After all, these symptoms indicate the development of sinusitis (sinusitis). Inflammation develops in the paranasal sinuses. The proximity of the paranasal sinuses to the orbit and the cranial cavity explains the anxiety of the doctor and the patient, because. complications can lead to more serious illnesses.

If sinus radiography is used, the diagnosis of sinusitis is not a difficult problem. During pregnancy, X-rays should not be used. In this case, the way to clarify the diagnosis and its effective treatment are endoscopic examination of the nasal cavity and ultrasound examination of the sinuses. Conservative measures are being taken to improve nasal breathing, reduce the viscosity of the mucopurulent secretion and normalize the drainage of the paranasal sinuses. An excellent way of conservative treatment of sinusitis (rhinosinusitis) is treatment by the method of moving drugs (the common name for the procedure is "cuckoo"). Negative pressure in the nasal cavity during the pronunciation of the word "cuckoo" contributes to the evacuation of the contents of the sinuses. Of the local remedies for sinusitis in pregnant women, "soft" vasoconstrictor drops can be used to facilitate outflow, saline irrigation and a local antibiotic in the form of an aerosol - bioparox, as well as drugs that "thinn" the contents of the sinuses (sinupret).

If such therapy is ineffective, in the treatment of sinusitis that develops during pregnancy, punctures of the maxillary sinuses are used, as well as antibiotic therapy (in agreement with the gynecologist). The puncture must be performed in a timely manner, delaying the implementation of this procedure is not in the interests of the mother and the unborn child. It should be borne in mind that in the first half of pregnancy, the fetus undergoes the processes of formation of vital organs and systems. Therefore, during this period, it is more favorable to use anti-inflammatory drugs locally, and not to overload the mother's body with medicines. A sinus puncture allows you to accurately diagnose, control the dynamics of the inflammatory process, reliably evacuate pus from the sinus, and inject medications locally into the inflammation site. Drugs must be safe for the mother and fetus.

The sinus puncture procedure in the people has some speculation, because of which patients do not give timely consent to the necessary type of treatment. It is believed that if you make a puncture once, then you will have to do it all your life. We declare responsibly: this is a myth! In fact, the trend is completely opposite: if a puncture is not performed in a timely manner, if there are indications, then the risk of chronic sinusitis increases. And in this regard, if you start sinusitis, it is wrong to treat it, indeed, with subsequent hypothermia, another exacerbation may develop, with the need to pierce the sinus every time. The presence of pus in the sinus, near the brain, eye socket and brain vessels is unacceptable! It should not be forgotten that the progressive course of the inflammatory process in the sinuses and the development of complications may lead to the need for surgical treatment - a complex operation may be required, in comparison with which a sinus puncture is a very simple and easily tolerated procedure.

One of the most common diseases in Kazakhstan is allergic rhinitis, also known as pollinosis (from the Greek word pollinos - pollen). Thus, already in the name of the disease, its cause is determined - the pollen of various plants. There is also a direct causal relationship between air pollution and disease. In addition, a number of factors, including racial and social characteristics, month of birth, age at which first exposure to pollen allergen occurred, family size and serial number of the child in it, maternal smoking and feeding patterns, can affect the incidence of allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis can provoke the development of other diseases of the respiratory tract and ear. It was found that in 24% of children, allergic rhinitis is a predisposing factor in the development of acute and chronic otitis media, in 28% of cases - chronic rhinosinusitis. Symptoms of allergic rhinitis are present in 88% of patients with bronchial asthma. Thus, allergic rhinitis should not be considered as a mild, harmless disease; not only does it significantly affect the quality of life of patients, but it is also a harbinger and predisposing factor in the development of more severe, often disabling diseases.

Pregnant women, unfortunately, this is the group among patients with allergic rhinitis, which is very difficult to help with the disease. The doctor has a large number of effective allergy remedies in his arsenal, but pharmacological companies do not want to “get involved” with pregnant women, and in almost all drug annotations, manufacturers indicate that the study of the drug’s effect on pregnancy has not been carried out, it is necessary to weigh the risks and benefits of using the drug . Even for drugs with minimal bioavailability, such as Nasonex, there is no official approval for use in pregnant women. The main reason here is legal. Pharmaceutical firms are catastrophically afraid of lawsuits. Litigation costs may exceed sales profits in this relatively small market segment.

The method of treating allergic rhinitis in pregnant women suggests itself - to avoid contact with the allergen. Pollinosis is a seasonal disease, it is associated with a certain flowering time of a particular plant.

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