The mission of parents is to guide and stir up interest in learning. Take your child to a museum or workshop to visualize the theory learned in class. Visit the performance and look at the read work in a new way. Conduct a science experiment if the topic is difficult.

Tip 3. Teach your children to be independent

Home schooling is impossible without the child's readiness for self-education. A younger student can be helped to enter the learning rhythm, sit in online lessons to show how to write notes, or sometimes help with homework.

The older the student, the more he has to study himself. In primary grades, the share of independent work can be about 60%, but by the eighth grade it should approach one hundred percent. From grades 7-8, it is worth connecting only when force majeure occurs. Adolescents are quite capable of independently mastering the material and passing certification. And to make it easier for him, teach your child to complete tasks according to the planned plan and focus on one type of activity for 30-40 minutes, followed by breaks for 5-10 minutes. Help him develop a note-taking system and show him the basic ways of remembering information.

Foxford student Platon Biryukov shared his ways of self-organization in an interview: “In order to organize everything, I write a plan for the week and for every day. I set a bunch of alarms a day - they call for every lesson. It helps to keep yourself in working order. Here you have an hour, and you spend it completely on your studies, and then do what you want.

Tip 4. Don't go overboard

It's natural for children to be drawn to knowledge. Usually parents do not need to do anything special - it is enough to stimulate interest in the sciences from time to time.

Children cannot sit idle, but this does not mean that any activity should be educational. Do not get hung up on the benefits (if the game, then developing, if the film, then cognitive). In the life of a child there should be a place for "stupid" games and short-term idleness. After the rest, he is more willing to return to his studies.

If the desire to learn has already been undermined, then the reasons should be looked for, first of all, in intra-family relations.

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Tip 5. Focus on quality

The point system is designed for collaborative classroom learning. With an individual approach, assessments, as a rule, do not work.

At the initial stages of homeschooling, it is important that the child seeks to understand the topic, and not to get an A. In high school, when the exam looms on the horizon, the teenager himself will begin to work on the numbers. Foxford graduate Ilya Bakurov argues that cramming is a waste of time: “You should not perceive study as exhausting work or some kind of duty. Actually, it's fun. You just need to realize what you are working for. Bringing a “five” to mom and dad is a so-so motivator. There must be a personal serious goal.

Measure success at home with quality indicators. The criteria can be reading fluency, accuracy of mathematical operations, writing literacy, and so on. Such a rating system focuses the child on the real result, and not its imitation.

A truly fruitful study never stops. If your child is constantly returning to their activities throughout the day - talking to their parents, playing or creating - then your homeschooling experience is going well and you are doing everything right.

types and conditions, how to organize, how certification is carried out, how much it costs to educate a child at home

Emilia Shchegoleva

transferred her daughter to home schooling

General education, which is given in grades 1-11, is compulsory in Russia. But you can get it both at school and outside of school.

Or you can even combine the two formats. This is how my daughter has been studying since 2019, now she is 11 years old. She is enrolled in a private Moscow school and is undergoing certification there, and I teach her myself.

I will tell you what forms of general education there are and what is called home schooling. I will also share my experience of how parents participate in it and how much it can cost.

What is homeschooling

Officially, only homeschooling is considered homeschooling. This is when a child cannot go to school due to health restrictions and teachers themselves come to his home.

But other cases are also called by the people when a student does not attend school at all. For example, distance learning and family learning. So in this article I will also call them home and will talk in detail about each. May the teachers and ministers forgive me.

Types of education at school

Within any school, whether private or public, there are three forms of education: full-time, part-time and part-time. In any of them, the child strictly follows the curriculum and the school, not the parents, is responsible for his knowledge.

In full-time form the child goes to school every day. This form has a variety - home-based learning. This is when a student does not attend classes due to health reasons and teachers themselves come to his home.

item 1, 2 part 1 art. 17 273-FZ "On Education"

With part-time form , the child goes to school 2-4 times a week and only for some subjects, while he masters the rest at home. At the same time, he does all his homework and passes tests and exams with the class.

And with the correspondence form , the child appears at school once every few months. For example, to analyze the most difficult topics with the teacher. The rest of the time, he studies at home using school textbooks, and passes homework and exams in person or via the Internet.

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Parental rights at school

Any of these forms can be applied via distance learning. This is when teachers conduct online lessons, and children take all homework and tests via the Internet.

Types of education outside of school

Out-of-school education is family and independent education. The latter is also called self-education.

In the family format , the family is responsible for the knowledge of the child. Until the ninth grade, he may not be attached to any school, not do any homework and not take tests. In the ninth, you will have to join in order to pass the OGE and receive a certificate.

And you can join right away - that's what we did. But my daughter’s knowledge during the year is still controlled only by me, and at school she is certified twice a year.

With self-study everything is the same, but both the parents and the child are responsible for the knowledge of the child - equally. But it is possible only for students who have already completed the ninth grade. Therefore, I will not mention him further.

Part 3 34 FZ-273 "On Education"

Conditions for learning at home

In this article, I will talk about home, distance and family learning. This is what they most often call domestic.

To be eligible for home schooling, a child must have health limitations that prevent them from going to school. For example, a severe degree of blood incoagulability or a violation of intellectual development, when the student does not control his behavior. Or if the child has undergone a major operation and less than a year has passed after it. Let's say if he was treated for retinal breaks.

All diagnoses that qualify for home-based education

Distance learning also has a condition - the school you have chosen must use electronic technology. But according to the law, this is her right, not her duty. And if your school does not have them, you will not force teachers to conduct online lessons specifically for your child. You will have to transfer him to another school.

Part 2 16 273-FZ "On Education"

There are no special conditions to transfer a child to family education - the desire of the parents is enough. Otherwise, it all depends on whether the child is attached to some school and what the rules are.

What the law says about homeschooling

All types of education that are popularly called homeschooling are regulated by the federal law "On Education". And part of the provisions of this law is detailed by the Letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of November 15, 2013 No. NT-1139/08 - the main regulatory document on family education. If you are thinking about your child studying at home, it is advisable to read it in full.

In the meantime, here is the most important of the law.

Parents are required to provide their child with a general education. That is, taking him out of school and not teaching him at all is illegal. For this, a warning and a fine of 100-500 R.

part 4 of Art. 44 273-FZ "On Education"

Part 1 Art. 5.35 of the Code of Administrative Offenses of the Russian Federation

Parents have the right to choose the form of education for their child. Suppose, if he does not like it at home, he can always return to the school at the place of residence - to the full-time form. And the school principal has no right to interfere with this.

item 1, 2 part 1 art. 44 273-FZ "On education"

Family education is just as legal as home or remote school. If you want to transfer your child to it, no one can stop you: neither the teacher, nor the principal, nor the city education department.

Part 3 17 273-FZ "On Education"

With a family form, the child has the right to be certified at the public school at the place of residence: take tests, exams and receive grades there. Even if you want to attach to the school just for the sake of it, you have no right to refuse.

If a homeschooled child is attached to a school, they can use the school library, sports field and gym. And also participate in olympiads, sports competitions and scientific conferences on behalf of the school.

p. 20, 21, 22 h. 1 art. 34 273-FZ “On Education”

You can’t just pick up and pick up a child from school. If you choose homeschooling, you will need to report this to your local education department. They keep records of all children who are currently required to receive general education.

Part 5 Art. 63 273-FZ "On Education"

If the child is not attached to any school, and you do not report family education, you are breaking the law.

At home schooling, you can be certified externally. Let's say that in a year a child completed the program of two classes at once - for example, the seventh and the eighth. And in terms of age, it should only go to the eighth. If he is attached to the school and passes all the tests for the eighth grade, he will be transferred to the ninth grade, regardless of age.

Part 3 34 273-FZ "On Education"

A homeschooled child attached to a school may be left for the second year. This will definitely happen if he has two academic debts or more: for example, he did not write an annual test in two subjects and did not take exams in them. Or got two for them.

Art. 58 273-FZ "On Education"

If a student has one debt, he will be transferred to the next class conditionally. That is, he will be able to pass the program of this class, but he will be in debt.

During the year, the student will have to retake the subject. If he gets two again, he will return to the previous class.

What is home education

What is the point. A home-schooled child is assigned to a school at the place of residence and to a specific class. He is taught by school teachers - at his home after their lessons or via the Internet. And he passes all certifications and tests according to the school schedule.

How to transfer. Different regions may have different rules. It is better to find them out in the city education department. And in Moscow, you need to get a referral from the attending physician for a medical or clinical expert commission (CEC). It is organized in one of the city clinics or hospitals. There, specialists will examine the child and study the results of his tests and examinations. Based on this, it will be decided whether he can attend school in person. If not, they will issue a conclusion that he is recommended to study at home.

Then you need to go to the director of the school to which the child is attached, bring the conclusion, your passport and the child's birth certificate or passport. And write an application to be transferred to a home-based format.

Application template for transfer to home schooling

The school administration will conclude an agreement with you on the transfer to home schooling, and in Moscow they will draw up an act about this. An individual study plan and schedule will be attached to it. You can accept them or correct them together with the head teacher.

clause 2.2 of the Procedure, approved. By Order No. 281

of April 18, 2014, the administration will appoint teachers who will come to the child. Moreover, the same teacher can teach several disciplines at once. This is normal: for example, diplomas of teachers of mathematics usually have an additional specialization - physics, and vice versa. A geography teacher can teach biology, and a historian can teach social studies.

Advantages of home education. Illness does not prevent a child from receiving an education. And the school adapts to his needs, provides free textbooks and teachers.

Disadvantages of home education. The list of diseases includes only the most acute conditions. If the child is sick, but not seriously, he will have to go to school with everyone.

In home schooling, children have little contact with their peers. They are also not taught fine arts, music, life safety and technology, although some might like these subjects.

Teachers often lack the qualifications to approach children with disabilities.

What is family education

What is the point. Family education is similar to home education, only the responsibility for the child's knowledge lies with the parents, not the school. They can teach it themselves, hire tutors, or enroll in a private online school.

There are two formats of family education - homeschooling and unschooling.

Homeschooling is when a student is attached to a school: private or public at the place of residence. He takes control, tests and exams there - either in person or remotely. But at the same time, he does not attend classes.

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How I transitioned my children to home schooling

In general, the child follows the program of his school, but parents can change it a little. For example, do not engage in fine arts or technology with a child. Or in-depth study of subjects that are interesting.

For example, my sixth grade daughter is enrolled in the private International School of Tomorrow. From there they sent me a list of twelve disciplines that I have to teach her:

1. Russian language.
2. Literature.
3. Foreign language.
4. Mathematics.
5. History.
6. Social science.
7. Geography.
8. Biology.
9. Music.
10. ISO.
11. Technology, or labor.
12. Physical education.

I myself made the schedule and teach my daughter everything except physical education. We do not throw away other items, otherwise the daughter will have problems with certification. But we are mastering geography and biology in depth.

Unschooling is when a child is not attached to any school, does not follow any programs, and the parents themselves decide what to teach them.

This format is possible up to the ninth grade. Then the child will have to attach himself to some school and take the OGE there in Russian, mathematics and two subjects to choose from. Without this, they will not give a certificate.

clause 20 of the Procedure, approved. By order of the Ministry of Education dated August 30, 2013 No. 1015

But for admission to the OGE, you need to pass an intermediate certification for the ninth grade at the school. In a word, in order to pass the OGE and get a certificate, you still have to attach yourself to a school.

Family education is suitable for: children who do not have time to go to school. For example, professional athletes or artists. It is also suitable for children with poor health or those who do not keep up with their peers in the class. And to students who are in conflict with classmates or teachers.

Plus, this is an option for families who travel a lot or live abroad, but want their child to have a Russian certificate. To some extent it was the same with us. We chose family education because our daughter has health problems - they complicate full-time studies. And in 2019In the same year, we also went to spend the winter in Georgia and stayed there for almost a year. Thanks to family education, this did not affect her daughter's studies.

How to transfer. If you want your child to be certified at the previous school, you need to conclude an agreement for family education with the school administration. It will spell out all the conditions for consultations, certifications, use of the library and participation in school events. After that, inform the city education department that the child is now studying at home.

/list/alternative-schools/

Where to go to study if you don’t like the school: 9 family schools in Moscow

If you want to attach your child to another school, in the former one you need to write an application addressed to the director and ask to expel the child. You will be given a package of documents: a personal file of the child, a report card and a medical card.

Then you need to take them to a new school and conclude an agreement with it: in a private school - for distance learning, and in a public school - for a family one. And do not forget to report this to the education department. This is what we did - formally, the daughter studies in absentia at a private school, but in fact she only passes certifications there.

If you do not want to attach your child to any school, you need to write an application for expulsion at the former school. And be sure to report this to the education department at the place of residence. Contacts are always available on the website of the city administration.

Sample Homestay Transfer Notice PDF, 127 KB

Notice can be taken in person or sent by certified mail. The letter is relevant if the child lives in one city, but is registered in another.

Advantages of family education. The main advantage is maximum freedom: parents themselves decide what and how to teach their child, and choose a school for certification. They also take into account the interests of the child: they delve into what he likes, and the rest is analyzed in less detail. For example, my daughter has a hard time with languages. We focus on English, and we study French in an easy mode.

Another child studies at a convenient schedule and pace. For example, I only teach my daughter until lunch so that the rest of the day is free. She likes that there are no early rises, rush, fuss and homework. She gets enough sleep, can do hobbies and travels with us. Plus, it is protected from school bullying.

Disadvantages of family education. Family education in Russia is still new. Many of our acquaintances do not understand what it is and condemn us for taking our daughter away from school. It is unpleasant.

Not all parents have the time and knowledge to teach their child themselves. It takes us a lot of time and effort to do this. Although there are no problems with teaching itself: I have a pedagogical education and a diploma in cartography, and my husband is a mathematician and knows seven languages.

Discipline is important in studies, and not every child can break away from personal affairs and sit down for a lesson on time. This also takes effort. For example, I myself made a schedule for my daughter for all weekdays. She does not get up on an alarm clock, but sleeps as long as she wants, after that she has breakfast and sometimes takes a short walk. But then we sit down for lessons.

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How we study remotely for the second year and have not gone crazy yet

There is a way out that will remove all the disadvantages of family education: when unschooling, hire tutors, and when homeschooling, enroll in a private family school. In such schools, classes are often held offline, but in the presence of parents. There are a maximum of ten people in classes, and teachers conduct lessons outside the box: in the format of games, interesting experiments or discussions.

But both tutors and family schools are expensive. I will tell you more about prices later.

What is distance learning

What is the point. The child studies online - in a private school or in a public one. If he is in family school and studies with online tutors, this can also be considered a distance format.

At school, the child listens to audio and video lectures, and sometimes participates in webinars. In private schools, assessments are also held remotely, while in public schools they are full-time. Even at school, the child has a schedule and he clearly follows the school curriculum. And parents can't change it.

You can change the program only for family distance learning. To do this, you can discuss the curriculum with the online tutor and ask them to follow it clearly.

/list/online-schooling/

8 online schools that will replace classical education

Suitable for anyone. Families where parents do not have the time or knowledge to understand the program and teach the child themselves. This is also a way out if you often move or if offline schools are closed for quarantine.

How to transfer. If the child is studying at a public school, you need to write an application addressed to the principal for transfer to distance learning. Or drop out of a school where it is impossible and conclude an agreement with a new one.

Sample application for transfer to distance learning

Advantages of distance learning. Schools have a ready-made curriculum, teachers and a knowledge control system. And if the child is not attached to the school, a tutor will take care of them. Parents don't need to worry about this.

Private schools usually have flexible schedules and a student can listen to a lesson at any time. This allows him to get enough sleep, plan his day himself and travel with his parents.

Bullying is also unlikely: students do not cross paths between classes and may not see each other at all.

Disadvantages of distance learning. Not all public schools have an online format. And private ones are usually expensive.

In addition, private schools sometimes follow unique author's programs - I tell you why this is a minus.

Home education programs

I have already mentioned that with unschooling, parents can develop a program themselves and teach their child according to it. In other cases, you will have to follow the program of the school to which it is attached.

Standard. Each school has the right to draw up its own curriculum. But public schools are guided by the Federal State Educational Standards - Federal State Educational Standards. There is a list of subjects that need to be studied in grades 1-4, 5-8 and 9-11, the number of lessons for each discipline, the duration of the academic year, the requirements for results and the timing of certification.

Part 7 12 FZ-273 "On Education"

In general, if a child is attached to a public school, then he will study according to the programs of the Federal State Educational Standard. And in family education, parents will have to monitor whether he is falling behind in these programs, otherwise there will be problems with certification.

The same story with private schools that have passed state accreditation. It confirms that the program of these schools also complies with the Federal State Educational Standard, and gives them the right not only to teach, but also to certify students and issue certificates to them.

My daughter's school is also accredited. It was important for me that she pass the GEF certification: I think this makes the assessment of knowledge more objective.

You can find out if a private school is accredited in the register of Rosobrnadzor. In addition, schools usually post accreditation documents on their websites in the "Documents" or "About us" section.

The largest accredited online schools:
International School of Tomorrow‎,
IANO,
Our Penates

Non-accredited private schools practice alternative or author's programs . For example, Montessori or Waldorf schools - where children learn about the world through creativity: drawings, crafts made from natural materials, songs and dances.

The largest Waldorf schools:
"Scientist Cat",
"A. Pinsky School",
"Family Way"

The problem is that with author's programs, the development of the child sometimes turns out to be one-sided. That's what happened with us. In 2017, before switching to family education, my daughter was in the second grade of a private Montessori school. It was full-time, but I will tell you about it anyway: this method is also taught remotely.

I liked that the material was presented in a creative way: children were shown experiments and interesting videos, played educational games. My daughter was interested, and she did a lot on her own.

But by the end of the school year, I noticed big gaps in her knowledge: my daughter almost did not know how to divide in a column, and she made many mistakes when writing. Moreover, they concerned the simplest rules of the Russian language. I had to pick her up from this school and hire tutors for the whole summer.

Assessment: how knowledge is tested

Parents check knowledge during unschooling. The same is true if the child is attached to an unaccredited school. In these cases, in the ninth grade, you will have to attach to a public school or an accredited private school in order to get admission to the OGE.

An accredited school - private or public - must take exams at least at the end of each school year. Without this, you can't even move from class to class. And some schools require mini-exams at the end of each quarter, trimester or semester.

In public schools, accreditation is free, but in private schools you have to pay extra for it. For example, my daughter is certified in a private school twice a year - in December and in May. We pay 5,000 rubles for each assessment.

Tests are sent to my daughter in all subjects and the deadline for passing is set in about three weeks. We make a schedule and pass these tests one by one.

/list/robotics-for-children/

Assemble the first robot and program Lego: where they will teach the basics of robotics

The tasks in the tests are quite understandable, and sometimes even interesting. They never go beyond the studied material, but some come across difficult. Therefore, a week before receiving the tests, my daughter and I repeat all the material that we have covered over the year.

Daughter solves tests herself. But mathematics and French are hard for her, and in these subjects we sometimes help her.

After a couple of weeks, I get the results and teachers' comments about mistakes by e-mail. I know that if we don't turn in the paper on time or our daughter gets two, we'll have to retake it - like in a public school. But so far we have not had this: our daughter is studying for four and five.

How much does homeschooling cost

Study supplies. When a child studies at home, there is no need to spend money on school uniforms, change of shoes and fees for the needs of the class. But you still can't do without textbooks and stationery.

If the child is enrolled in an offline school, textbooks can be borrowed free of charge from the library. In other cases, they will have to be bought or downloaded electronically. Plus, the child will need atlases, contour maps and workbooks.

One textbook costs 700-900 R, and some also come in two parts. Atlas and contour maps are sold for 400-500 R each. If I bought only new ones, then I would give at least 10,000 R for them per year. But I was lucky: some of the textbooks are given to us by friends. I buy another part on Avito, each costs 200-300 R there. And I download something for free on the V class website.

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How much does it cost to send a child to school? Of the additional, but not mandatory, we also bought a globe and a microscope: my daughter especially loves biology and geography. I found both on Avito.

I spent 9300 R on school supplies in the sixth grade

microscope

Where I took

Avito

How much spent

3500 R

Biology, History and Geography 9000