Can coffee make you nauseous when pregnant

Caffeine in pregnancy | March of Dimes

We don’t know a lot about the effects of caffeine during pregnancy on you and your baby. So it’s best to limit the amount you get each day.

If you’re pregnant, limit caffeine to 200 milligrams each day. This is about the amount in 1½ 8-ounce cups of coffee or one 12-ounce cup of coffee.

If you’re breastfeeding, limit caffeine to no more than two cups of coffee a day.

Caffeine is a drug found in things like coffee, tea, soda, chocolate and some energy drinks and medicines. It’s a stimulant, which means it can keep you awake.

How does caffeine affect you and your baby during pregnancy?

Caffeine slightly increases your blood pressure and heart rate and the amount of urine your body makes. Caffeine may cause you to feel jittery, have indigestion or have trouble sleeping. During pregnancy, you may be especially sensitive to caffeine because it may take you longer to clear it from your body than if you weren’t pregnant. It may also make you feel nauseous or lightheaded.

When you have caffeine during pregnancy, it passes through the placenta to your baby. The placenta grows in your uterus (womb) and supplies the baby with food and oxygen through the umbilical cord.

You may have heard that too much caffeine can cause miscarriage (when a baby dies in the womb before 20 weeks of pregnancy), preterm birth (birth that happens before 37 weeks of pregnancy is completed) or low birth weight (when your baby is born weighing less than 5 pounds, 8 ounces). Some studies say this is true, and others don’t.

Until we know more about how caffeine can affect pregnancy, it’s best to limit the amount you get to 200 milligrams each day. This is about the amount in 1½ 8-ounce cups of coffee or one 12-ounce cup of coffee. Be sure to check the size of your cup to know how much caffeine you’re getting.

What foods and drinks contain caffeine?

Caffeine is found in:

Coffee and coffee-flavored products, like yogurt and ice cream
Tea
Some soft drinks
Energy drinks
Chocolate and chocolate products, like chocolate syrup and hot cocoa
Some medicines

The amount of caffeine in foods and drinks varies a lot. For coffee and tea, the amount of caffeine depends on:

The brand
How it’s prepared
The type of beans or leaves used
The way it’s served (for example, as espresso or latte)
The size of the cup. Not all coffee cups are the same size, even though you think of them as a cup. Check to see how many ounces your cup has, especially if you’re buying a cup of coffee or tea. If you’re making coffee or tea at home, measure to check the size of the cup.

Some energy drinks contain large amounts of caffeine. For example, a 24-ounce energy drink may have up to 500 milligrams of caffeine. Energy drinks may have a lot of sugar, too, and they may contain ingredients that may be harmful to your baby during pregnancy. Because we don’t know a lot about all the ingredients in energy drinks, it’s best not to have them when you’re pregnant.

The amount of caffeine you get from food and drinks throughout the day adds up. So if you have a cup of coffee in the morning, you may want to limit or give up having other food and drinks during the day that have caffeine.

The list below shows the amount of caffeine in common food and drinks. The caffeine amounts are averages, so they may change depending on the brand or how the food or drink is made. Check the package label on food and drinks to know how much caffeine they contain.

What medicines contain caffeine?

Some medicines used for pain relief, migraine headaches, colds and to help keep you awake contain caffeine. The Food and Drug Administration (also called FDA) requires that labels on medicine list the amount of caffeine in the medicine.

If you’re pregnant, talk to your health care provider before taking any medicine that contains caffeine. This includes prescription and over-the-counter medicine. A prescription is an order for medicine given by a health care provider. You can buy over-the-counter medicine, like pain relievers and cold medicine, without a prescription.

Some herbal products contain caffeine. These include guarana, yerba mate, kola nut and green tea extract. Herbal products are made from herbs, which are plants that are used in cooking and for medicine. The FDA does not require that herbal products have a label saying how much caffeine they contain. If you’re pregnant, don’t use herbal products because we don’t know how much caffeine they contain.

Is caffeine safe during breastfeeding?

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) says it’s safe for breastfeeding moms to have caffeine. A small amount of caffeine does get into breast milk, so limit caffeine if you’re breastfeeding. Breastfed babies of women who drink more than 2 to 3 cups of coffee a day may become fussy or have trouble sleeping. You may want to drink less caffeine if your baby was born preterm or newborn because she may digest caffeine more slowly.

Last reviewed: April 2020

The effect of caffeine consumption and nausea on the risk of miscarriage

. 2003 Oct;17(4):316-23.

doi: 10. 1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00523.x.

Massimo Giannelli¹, Pat Doyle, Eve Roman, Margo Pelerin, Carol Hermon

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Regional Agency for Public Health, Tuscany, Florence, Italy. [email protected]

PMID: 14629312
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00523.x

Massimo Giannelli et al. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2003 Oct.

. 2003 Oct;17(4):316-23.

doi: 10. 1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00523.x.

Authors

Massimo Giannelli¹, Pat Doyle, Eve Roman, Margo Pelerin, Carol Hermon

Affiliation

¹ Regional Agency for Public Health, Tuscany, Florence, Italy. [email protected]

PMID: 14629312
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-3016.2003.00523.x

Abstract

Evidence for a harmful effect of caffeine intake on risk of miscarriage (spontaneous abortion) is inconsistent and nausea during pregnancy has been claimed to explain any association seen. The objective of this analysis was to determine whether caffeine consumption both before and during pregnancy influenced the risk of miscarriage in a group of pregnant women in the UK. We examined the association with maternal caffeine intake in a case-control study of 474 nulliparous women. Participants were recruited during the years 1987-89 from the Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading and from a large group practice situated within the hospital's catchment area. Cases were 160 women with a clinically diagnosed miscarriage and controls were 314 pregnant women attending for antenatal care. Information on coffee/tea/cola consumption and potential confounders was collected by interview and caffeine content was assigned to individual drinks according to published data on caffeine content of beverages. Compared with a maternal caffeine intake of < 151 mg/day, we found evidence that caffeine consumption > 300 mg/day doubled the risk of miscarriage. Adjusted odds ratios were 1.94 [95% CI 1.04, 3.63] for 301-500 mg/day and 2.18 [95% CI 1.08, 4.40] for > 500 mg/day. This effect could not be explained by nausea in pregnancy. Nausea appeared to be strongly independently associated with a reduced risk of miscarriage (test for trend P < 0. 0001). There was no evidence that prepregnancy caffeine consumption affected the risk. Our results indicate that high caffeine consumption during pregnancy (>300 mg/day), in particular coffee consumption, is an independent risk factor for increased risk and nausea is an independent protective factor for a lower risk of miscarriage.

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MeSH terms

Substances

Toxicosis of the first half of pregnancy

Gynecology

Many women complain of nausea and other ailments - intolerance to odors, certain foods from the very first weeks after conception, and each expectant mother manifests them differently. In medical language, these phenomena are collectively called "toxicosis". During pregnancy, this phenomenon is quite common, and more often toxicosis is observed in women who are preparing to become a mother for the first time. At the beginning of pregnancy, toxicosis, as a rule, is short-lived and less dangerous than toxicosis (or preeclampsia) in the second half of pregnancy.

What causes toxicosis?

After conception has occurred, the placenta begins to develop along with the fetus, which is formed by about 16 weeks. Until this period, she is not able to fully protect the woman's body from the metabolic products secreted by the child, and they enter the mother's blood, causing intoxication, which is the main cause of toxicosis. Another cause of toxicosis is hormonal changes that occur in the female body during pregnancy: the centers of smell and touch, those parts of the larynx that are responsible for the gag reflex, become more sensitive and excitable. Because of this, vomiting, nausea or disgust arise, caused by certain tastes and smells that do not affect the woman in her usual state.

According to obstetrician-gynecologists, a woman's reaction to these changes largely depends on hereditary factors: if the mother of a pregnant woman did not experience acute attacks of toxicosis, then her daughter is likely to endure the pregnancy just as easily. There is also a reasonable opinion that the toxicosis of the first half of pregnancy, as it were, informs the woman that her hormonal background is changing, and everything in her body is going naturally, as nature intended.

Doctors recommend patiently enduring the signs of toxicosis in the first weeks of pregnancy. If bouts of vomiting do not make it possible to live normally, then our obstetrician-gynecologist will prescribe you mild herbal preparations that will alleviate your condition by reducing intoxication, and at the same time will not harm the unborn baby. After 14-16 weeks, your condition should be completely normal. And until that time, if toxicosis is not too acute, you can try to use folk remedies. For example, some women start the morning with breakfast in bed. After refreshing, they cease to feel nausea. Salted crackers help others, sweet hot tea helps the third, water acidified with lemon helps the fourth ...

And it is also desirable that your family members understand your condition and “get into position”. If a pregnant woman is irritated by the pungent smell of men's toilet water, the man should stop using it. Or if the cause of nausea is food with a strong flavor (coffee, garlic, onions, various sauces), the family should temporarily eliminate these foods from the diet. It is good if the expectant mother is not overloaded with work, lives in an atmosphere of harmony, universal love, eats right, sleeps enough, moves enough and spends the prescribed number of hours in the fresh air. Try at least a little closer to this ideal - for the sake of your child. And in your career, you will definitely catch up later, when your wonderful baby is born!

Of course, toxicosis is an unpleasant phenomenon, but still temporary. And it does not go to any comparison with the joy of motherhood. Therefore, in no case do not think badly about the unborn child, when you are just sick in the morning. Better imagine how wonderful, sweet, soft and tender your baby will be when he is born!

Coffee during pregnancy: a complete guide to all the do's and don'ts

When a woman sees "two lines" on her test, her life begins to change that same day. In this life, there are more good habits (timely sleep, proper nutrition, moderate exercise) and less bad habits (alcohol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy food). Coffee as a potentially dangerous product, around which there is a lot of controversy, often falls under the barrier of prohibitions.

Even without any pregnancy, coffee often raises a number of questions and concerns in people, so the debate around this drink is quite understandable and justified. But our task is to separate myth from reality and figure out when restrictions make sense and when they are a pointless obstacle to a fulfilling joyful lifestyle.

How does coffee affect the body of a pregnant woman?

Before talking about some special effect of coffee on a pregnant woman, let's refresh our memory of what actually happens to us when we drink coffee:

After caffeine enters the blood, dopamine is released, which, as we remember, is responsible for a good mood. This hormone of joy very willingly “jumps out” in response to a shot of espresso or cappuccino and makes us feel good.
Under the influence of dopamine, it is easier for us to play sports, we become more enduring and notice less pain in the muscles. It also improves overall performance.
If there is too much caffeine (read - dopamine), the suppression of serotonin production begins. This leads to increased anxiety and can provoke depression.
In parallel, under the influence of caffeine, adrenaline is released, another hormone that is responsible for our good mood and cheerfulness.
Increased concentration.
In most cases, coffee stimulates our heart to beat faster. The rhythm of the heartbeat accelerates and at the same time the pressure rises.
The theophylline contained in coffee acts on the intercostal muscles and muscles of the diaphragm, as a result of which our breathing becomes more relaxed and easy.
The excretory systems (diuretic and intestines) are stimulated – under the influence of caffeine, we feel the desire to visit the restroom faster.
Caffeine also stimulates the nervous system. The peak of this action occurs in the first hour or two after drinking coffee, then for an average of 3-4 hours the breakdown of caffeine in the blood occurs, at which time many people have difficulty falling asleep.

What changes when a pregnant woman drinks coffee? In addition to the above phenomena, the following important parameters should be additionally indicated:

slows down the process of removing caffeine from a woman's body;
increased fetal heart rate;
increased fetal activity;
Excessive use creates possible risks for the child.

It is the last item on this list that is cause for concern and doubt about the admissibility of coffee in the diet of a pregnant woman. Below we describe in detail what these risks are and in what cases concerns can be justified.

Can pregnant women drink coffee?

Let's start with a high-profile peer-reviewed study published in the BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine. Professor Jack James from Reykjavik University in Iceland conducted a series of studies in 2020 and concluded that there is no safe level of caffeine intake for pregnant women: even the smallest amount can negatively affect the development of the fetus. However, Mr. James' colleagues from other countries categorically disagree with him. The National Health Service, the European Food Safety Authority, and the American and British Colleges of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommend limit but not eliminate caffeine intake during pregnancy . The research paper was deemed "too panicky" and inconsistent with the accepted evidence.

“There are so many do's and don'ts associated with pregnancy, and the last thing we want to do is cause unnecessary worry. After all, women need to be sure that caffeine can be consumed in moderation during pregnancy,” says Dr. Luc Grzeskowiak, a pharmacist at the University of Adelaide in Australia.

Most doctors around the world agree that drinking up to 200 mg of caffeine per day (1-2 cups of coffee) is an acceptable limit that will not harm either mother or child.

When thinking about the amount of caffeine consumed per day, it is very important to remember that it is added not only from your cups of cappuccino, but also from other products (energy drinks, tea, cola, chocolate, cocoa).

The World Health Organization confirms that excess caffeine consumption may be associated with problems (fetal growth restriction, birth weight loss, preterm birth or stillbirth).

Is coffee allowed in early pregnancy (first trimester)?

The first trimester is the time when the foundation of the future life is laid, the most exciting and unpredictable. It is during this period that most miscarriages occur. And if we talk about coffee, then, according to studies, such miscarriages in the early stages are indeed more common in women who drink this drink often and a lot. However no one can say for sure whether high caffeine intake is a threat to the fetus or whether constant coffee consumption is a marker of a failed pregnancy (increased aversion to coffee, along with nausea and vomiting, is a feature of a healthy pregnancy).

Thus, we conclude that for a healthy woman with a healthy pregnancy, moderate coffee consumption is quite acceptable .

Can I drink coffee during the second trimester?

The second trimester is the quietest time for a future mother: by this moment the most dangerous milestones have been passed and there is no need to be afraid for the child's viability. Often it is during this period that all those strange and unexpected taste preferences of pregnant women fall, and coffee often becomes such an object of desire. If you do not have strict medical contraindications, you can continue to drink your favorite drink without any worries. The main thing is not to get carried away (remember about 200 mg of caffeine per day). To be completely calm, dilute coffee with milk. To minimize risks, doctors recommend drinking your coffee in the morning.

Is coffee allowed in late pregnancy (3rd trimester)?

In the last trimester there is again an increased risk that the baby will leave the mother's body earlier than necessary, so if you are not sure about your health and the health of the fetus, it is better to reduce coffee consumption to a minimum at this time. Many studies indicate that in the third trimester of pregnancy, coffee had a negative effect on the condition of the child (premature birth, miscarriage). On the other hand, scientists tend to assume that mothers who drink a lot of coffee in late pregnancy also allow themselves other questionable products (alcohol, tobacco), and this greatly distorts the picture of research.

Benefits and harms of coffee for pregnant women

As we have already found out, many studies have shown that it is unwise to drink coffee (or in general any caffeinated drink) during pregnancy in large quantities. Unfortunately, the publication of this information at one time gave rise to a lot of rewritten materials in which it was no longer possible to trace the connection with the original and see the important mention of the amount of caffeine. Meanwhile, in the case of coffee and pregnancy, the most important thing is not to overdo it (as, indeed, in many other areas of our lives).

Benefits of coffee during pregnancy

Coffee has many pleasant and beneficial effects that do not disappear when a pregnant woman drinks it. So, for example, coffee for pregnant women with low blood pressure might be a good idea. Thanks to the effect of caffeine, the pressure rises and the well-being of the expectant mother improves.

Coffee with milk will also benefit pregnant women: it is a good source of calcium, which is so necessary for the harmonious development of the child and maintaining the health of the mother. Latte is an ideal coffee drink during pregnancy: milk takes up more cup volume, which simultaneously reduces the effect of caffeine and replenishes calcium stores.

Coffee is an effective remedy against edema characteristic of pregnant women (diuretic effect).

Do not forget that it is useful for pregnant women to be in a good mood, and coffee certainly helps to lift it.

Harm of coffee during pregnancy

As we remember, there is a version that caffeine consumption during pregnancy can increase the likelihood of infertility, birth defects, miscarriage, stillbirth, premature birth and fetal growth retardation. However, this version is not sufficiently proven.

But we know for sure that coffee will be harmful to pregnant women who are prone to hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), as well as to those who have a lack of calcium, potassium and phosphorus (caffeine does little to flush out these elements). Also, coffee is contraindicated in women with hypertonicity (additional stimulation with caffeine can really cause a miscarriage).

Another unpleasant consequence of taking coffee by pregnant women is additional stimulation of the excretory systems. Not a very pleasant thing, given that a woman in position already wants to go to the toilet more often than usual. However, any drink stimulates our kidneys to work more actively, so this is a controversial argument "against".

Which coffee is safer during pregnancy?

If you are not ready to give up coffee, but want to minimize the possible risks, it is worthwhile to figure out in advance which type of coffee is best for you.

Natural bean coffee

Classic bean coffee has the highest caffeine content, especially if the coffee is made in Turkish and the blend includes a high percentage of Robusta (this type of coffee has almost twice as much caffeine as Arabica). It is worth drinking no more than one cup a day, and also pay attention to the content of the blend (the ratio of robusta to arabica).

A standard cup of Americano (70 ml.), Espresso (30 ml.) or Cappuccino (180 ml.) contains about 50-70 mg of caffeine (they use the same amount of coffee - 1 shot).

Instant coffee

Instant coffee contains less caffeine in most cases than coffee beans. Doctors believe that a pregnant woman can afford up to two servings of such a drink. 1 teaspoon (without a slide) of instant coffee contains 30–50 mg of caffeine.

Decaffeinated coffee

Perhaps the safest option is for those who value aroma and ritual more than the effect produced. In decafe, caffeine is removed by 97-99%, which means that any risks are reduced to almost zero.