Bordetella pertussis symptoms
Signs and Symptoms of Whooping Cough (Pertussis)
- Early symptoms: Stage 1
- Later symptoms: Stage 2
- Recovery: Stage 3
Whooping cough may begin like a common cold, but unlike a cold, the coughing can last for weeks or months.
Symptoms of whooping cough usually develop within 5 to 10 days after you come into contact with the bacteria that cause it. Sometimes symptoms do not develop for as long as 3 weeks.
Early symptoms: Stage 1
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if you or your child are:
- Struggling to breathe
- Turning blue or purple
- Coughing violently
- Coughing rapidly, over and over
- Not drinking enough fluids
Any time someone is struggling to breathe, it is important to get them to a doctor right away.
Early symptoms can last for 1 to 2 weeks and usually include:
- Runny or stuffed-up nose
- Low-grade fever (less than 100.
4°F)
- Mild, occasional cough (babies do not do this)
- Apnea (life-threatening pauses in breathing) and cyanosis (turning blue or purple) in babies and young children
In its early stages, whooping cough appears to be nothing more than the common cold. Therefore, doctors often do not suspect or diagnose it until the more severe symptoms appear.
Later symptoms: Stage 2
One to 2 weeks after the first symptoms start, people with whooping cough may develop paroxysms—rapid, violent, and uncontrolled coughing fits. These coughing fits usually last 1 to 6 weeks but can last for up to 10 weeks. Coughing fits generally get worse and become more common as the illness continues.
Coughing fits can cause people to
- Make a high-pitched “whoop” sound when they are finally able to inhale at the end of a coughing fit
- Vomit during or after coughing fits
- Feel very tired after the fit, but usually seem well in-between fits
- Struggle to breathe
Babies may struggle to breathe, while teens and adults usually have mild symptoms
Many babies with whooping cough don’t cough at all.
Instead it may cause apnea and turn blue or struggle to breathe. It may seem like a common cold for the entire illness, not just the beginning.
The infection is generally milder in teens and adults than in babies and children, especially those who have gotten vaccinated against whooping cough. It may seem like a common cold. The “whoop” is often not there for people who have a milder illness.
However, teens and adults can have serious cases of whooping cough. Teens and adults, especially those who did not get whooping cough vaccines, may have lengthy coughing fits that keep them up at night. Those who get these coughing fits say it’s the worst cough of their lives. It can also cause major disruptions to daily life and serious complications.
Vaccinated people may not get as sick
Whooping cough vaccines are effective, but not perfect. The infection is usually not as bad for people who have gotten vaccinated against whooping cough but still get sick.
In vaccinated people who get whooping cough:
- The cough usually won’t last as many days
- Coughing fits, whooping, and vomiting after coughing fits are less common
- Apnea and cyanosis are less common (in vaccinated babies and children)
CDC recommends whooping cough vaccines for people of all ages.
Learn more about whooping cough vaccination.
Recovery: Stage 3
Recovery from whooping cough can be slow. The cough becomes milder and less common as you get better.
Coughing fits may stop for a while but can return if you get other respiratory infections. Coughing fits can return many months after the whooping cough illness started.
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Whooping cough - Symptoms and causes
Overview
Whooping cough (pertussis) is a highly contagious respiratory tract infection. In many people, it's marked by a severe hacking cough followed by a high-pitched intake of breath that sounds like "whoop."
Before the vaccine was developed, whooping cough was considered a childhood disease. Now whooping cough primarily affects children too young to have completed the full course of vaccinations and teenagers and adults whose immunity has faded.
Deaths associated with whooping cough are rare but most commonly occur in infants. That's why it's so important for pregnant women — and other people who will have close contact with an infant — to be vaccinated against whooping cough.
Products & Services
- Book: Mayo Clinic Guide to Raising a Healthy Child
Symptoms
Once you become infected with whooping cough, it takes about seven to 10 days for signs and symptoms to appear, though it can sometimes take longer. They're usually mild at first and resemble those of a common cold:
- Runny nose
- Nasal congestion
- Red, watery eyes
- Fever
- Cough
After a week or two, signs and symptoms worsen. Thick mucus accumulates inside your airways, causing uncontrollable coughing. Severe and prolonged coughing attacks may:
- Provoke vomiting
- Result in a red or blue face
- Cause extreme fatigue
- End with a high-pitched "whoop" sound during the next breath of air
However, many people don't develop the characteristic whoop. Sometimes, a persistent hacking cough is the only sign that an adolescent or adult has whooping cough.
Infants may not cough at all. Instead, they may struggle to breathe, or they may even temporarily stop breathing.
When to see a doctor
Call your doctor if prolonged coughing spells cause you or your child to:
- Vomit
- Turn red or blue
- Seem to be struggling to breathe or have noticeable pauses in breathing
- Inhale with a whooping sound
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Causes
Whooping cough is caused by a type of bacteria called Bordetella pertussis. When an infected person coughs or sneezes, tiny germ-laden droplets are sprayed into the air and breathed into the lungs of anyone who happens to be nearby.
Risk factors
The whooping cough vaccine you receive as a child eventually wears off. This leaves most teenagers and adults susceptible to the infection during an outbreak — and there continue to be regular outbreaks.
Infants who are younger than age 12 months who are unvaccinated or haven't received the full set of recommended vaccines have the highest risk for severe complications and death.
Complications
Teens and adults often recover from whooping cough with no problems. When complications occur, they tend to be side effects of the strenuous coughing, such as:
- Bruised or cracked ribs
- Abdominal hernias
- Broken blood vessels in the skin or the whites of your eyes
Infants
In infants — especially those under 6 months of age — complications from whooping cough are more severe and may include:
- Pneumonia
- Slowed or stopped breathing
- Dehydration or weight loss due to feeding difficulties
- Seizures
- Brain damage
Because infants and toddlers are at greatest risk of complications from whooping cough, they're more likely to need treatment in a hospital. Complications can be life-threatening for infants younger than 6 months old.
Prevention
The best way to prevent whooping cough is with the pertussis vaccine, which doctors often give in combination with vaccines against two other serious diseases — diphtheria and tetanus.
Doctors recommend beginning vaccination during infancy.
The vaccine consists of a series of five injections, typically given to children at these ages:
- 2 months
- 4 months
- 6 months
- 15 to 18 months
- 4 to 6 years
Vaccine side effects
Side effects of the vaccine are usually mild and may include a fever, crankiness, headache, fatigue or soreness at the site of the injection.
Booster shots
- Adolescents. Because immunity from the pertussis vaccine tends to wane by age 11, doctors recommend a booster shot at that age to protect against whooping cough (pertussis), diphtheria and tetanus.
- Adults. Some varieties of the every-10-year tetanus and diphtheria vaccine also include protection against whooping cough (pertussis). This vaccine will also reduce the risk of your transmitting whooping cough to infants.
- Pregnant women. Health experts now recommend that pregnant women receive the pertussis vaccine between 27 and 36 weeks of gestation.
This may also give some protection to the infant during the first few months of life.
Preventive medications
If you've been exposed to someone who has whooping cough, your doctor may recommend antibiotics to protect against infection if you:
- Are a health care provider
- Are pregnant
- Are younger than age 12 months
- Have a health condition that could put you at risk of severe illness or complications, such as a weakened immune system or asthma
- Live with someone who has whooping cough
- Live with someone who is at high risk of developing severe illness or complications from a whooping cough infection
By Mayo Clinic Staff
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treatment, symptoms in children and adults, what is this disease
Pulmonologist, Infectionist
The information provided on this page should not be used for self-treatment or self-diagnosis.
If you suspect a disease, you should seek help from a qualified specialist. Only your doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.
- Causes
- Whooping cough in children and adults
- Classification
- Whooping cough symptoms
- Complications
- Diagnostic methods
- Whooping cough treatment
- Prophylaxis
What is whooping cough?
Whooping cough, an acute infection provoked by bacteria of the bordetella group, is of particular danger in childhood.
Among the key manifestations are long-term damage to the respiratory tract, due to which for 6-8 weeks in a row there is a strong cough in the form of specific attacks - reprise. Previously, this infection for the duration of manifestations was called a hundred-day cough. Whooping cough is especially dangerous in young children, up to a year it can even lead to death, and in adults it leads to a long-term atypical cough.
Causes
The causative agent of infection is a bacterium - whooping cough (in Latin Bordetella pertussis). The body reacts with irritation of the respiratory tract and prolonged inflammation to the antigens and toxins released by this microbe. Pertussis itself is unstable to external factors, sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and disinfectants. Source:
Whooping cough in adults. Egorova O.A. FORCIPE, 2021. p.356.
Only people get sick, the source of bacteria can be adults with whooping cough, adolescents or children, carriers who do not have symptoms. It is important to know how the disease is transmitted: with particles of mucus and saliva from the nasopharynx and respiratory tract during close contact, coughing, screaming, sneezing. Carriers of the infection are especially dangerous - they do not get sick themselves, but they can spread the bacteria to others. More often they become infected in families or children's groups, since close and long-term contact is needed.
Whooping cough in children and adults
If a child or adult is not immune to whooping cough, they are up to 90% likely to get sick. Outbreaks are especially often recorded in the cold season. Children under 4-5 years of age are the most severely ill, they have an infection in its classic form. In adults and adolescents, a prolonged cough is usually manifested, which has the character of attacks, but without typical reprises and vomiting. Often this disease is mistaken for other types of diseases and is not detected, it is treated as bronchitis or laryngitis, tracheitis Source:
Whooping cough: epidemiology, biological properties of Bordetella pertussis, principles of laboratory diagnostics and specific prevention. Tyukavkina S.Yu., Harseeva G.G. Epidemiology and infectious diseases, 2014. pp.50-58.
Classification
There are several classifications for whooping cough, depending on certain criteria. According to the degree of severity, it is possible to distinguish:
- mild course with typical reprisals, the frequency of which does not exceed 15 per day;
- the average severity of the disease - coughing attacks with reprisals occur with a frequency of 15 to 25 per day;
- severe course - the frequency of reprises exceeds 25 per day, coughing fits can occur every 15-20 minutes.
Based on the form of infection, it is possible to distinguish:
- Typical whooping cough with characteristic attacks of spasmodic cough (reprises), gradual deployment and fading of symptoms.
- Atypical form of whooping cough - these are atypical coughing attacks or a slight cough, there is no classic change in periods of the disease. The cough period does not exceed 50 days, averaging about a month. The cough itself is dry, obsessive, with facial tension. Attacks often occur at night, intensify by the second week. Against the background of excitement, crying of the child, single typical attacks may occur, or they appear when secondary ARVI is layered. With this form of the disease, a high temperature usually occurs, but local symptoms are mild.
All signs of whooping cough can be divided into stages according to the stages of development:
- The incubation period lasts approximately from 3 to 14 days. There are no symptoms, no complaints.
- The catarrhal period lasts approximately 10-13 days. The symptoms resemble ordinary SARS, there are no characteristic manifestations, there are only general signs.
- Period of paroxysms or spasmodic stage (lasts up to 4-6 weeks). All manifestations are pronounced, attacks occur several times a day, the symptoms increase, reach their peak and then subside.
- Recovery period (reversal of symptoms) - cough attacks become less frequent, the general condition improves. In the early period of convalescence, the cough still persists, it lasts up to 8 weeks, in the late period, the integrity of the respiratory tract is restored. Source:
Whooping cough at the present stage. Nikolaeva I.V., Shaikhieva G.S. Bulletin of modern clinical medicine, volume 9, issue 2, 2016. pp. 25-29.
Whooping cough symptoms
Based on how the infection manifests itself, typical symptoms are distinguished, which, one way or another, are detected in any child.
It can take up to two weeks from the moment you get pertussis to the first manifestations. During this time, the patient does not have any complaints, but by the end of the incubation period, the child or adult becomes contagious to others. This is due to the fact that the accumulated pertussis bacilli begin to be actively excreted from the body when coughing, sneezing, crying, screaming. The disease begins gradually, the temperature rises slightly, the intoxication syndrome is mild.
Gradually, as the disease develops, the following symptoms begin to appear:
- respiratory symptoms - mild runny nose with mucous discharge, cough;
- intoxication syndrome is moderate, subfebrile temperature is typical, of short duration. If a high temperature suddenly appears, you need to look for complications, including pneumonia.
The disease begins with a slight runny nose, but gradually the cough does not decrease, but increases. By the end of the second week, the cough becomes excruciating, has the appearance of attacks with the development of typical reprises, including difficult breathing and temporary respiratory arrest.
The reprises take the form of multiple coughing shocks, which end with a deep convulsive breath, which is accompanied by a typical sound - "cock's cry". Against the background of a cough attack, the child's face turns blue, when coughing, the tongue protrudes and points upwards, frenulum tears and hemorrhages on the skin of the eyelids and in the sclera are possible. Each attack includes from 2-3 to 15 repetitions. Often the attacks end with vomiting with the discharge of a small lump of sputum.
If seizures are frequent, appetite and sleep suffer, general condition deteriorates, weight is lost, neuropsychic development may be delayed. This is especially dangerous for children of the first year of life. If the doctor listens to the lungs, hard breathing is heard, without wheezing.
Complications
If the child's immunity is fully functional, he receives a full range of therapeutic measures, complications are rare. Key complications of the infection may include:
- lung problems, including pneumonia and pleurisy;
- otitis with the formation of deafness and rupture of the membrane;
- nosebleeds, hemorrhages in the area of the retina and brain;
- umbilical, inguinal hernia;
- seizures, development of epileptic seizures;
- neuroses.
Methods of diagnosis
The basis of diagnosis is the classic reprises or atypical coughing fits that occur 2-3 weeks after contact with coughing people. But only the determination of the bordetella itself or antibodies to it can confirm the infection. Can help with this:
- General clinical blood test. Against the background of whooping cough, the analysis reveals leukocytosis with an increase in lymphocytes, normal ESR or slightly accelerated.
- Nasopharyngeal swabs for culture and antibiotic susceptibility.
- Carrying out PCR diagnostics of material taken from the nasopharynx during smears.
- Performing an ELISA with the determination of specific markers - antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes to whooping cough. Conduct two studies with a break between them of 10-14 days, evaluating the increase in the level of IgG antibodies, which are responsible for strong immunity. In the acute stage, IgM and A should be determined, they are responsible for resistance to infection.
Chest X-ray, internal ultrasound, and other tests may be ordered. They will help assess the general condition and functioning of the respiratory system.
Methods of treatment
Understanding what whooping cough is, what symptoms are typical for it, it becomes clear how to treat it. First of all, the severity of the condition is determined. If it is mild or moderate the child can be left at home if there are no other children who have not been vaccinated against whooping cough.
If the child feels well, bed rest is not necessary. It is worth focusing on well-being. In severe forms, the child is placed in a hospital, especially if there are respiratory arrests, reprisals occur more often 15 times a day and this is a baby less than 2 years old. Source:
Whooping cough in young children. Petrova M.S., Popova O.P., Borisova O.Yu., Abramova E.N., Vartanyan R.V., Kelly E.I. Epidemiology and infectious diseases, 2012. pp.19-24.
Diet for whooping cough is not required, you can eat all foods, except for highly irritating, spicy and spicy.
Air humidification, frequent airing, vitamin intake, wet cleaning are shown.
Drugs for whooping cough are prescribed depending on the stage of the disease. During the catarrhal period, antibiotics of the group of macrofoams, protected penicillins, are used. During the period of coughing attacks, antibiotics are already ineffective. Use of inhalations with hormones is shown. In addition, it is useful to relieve coughing with drugs that suppress the cough reflex - codeine, libexin. Runny nose can be relieved by vasoconstrictor drugs.
It is strictly forbidden to use any traditional methods of treatment. They can lead to serious consequences and respiratory arrest.
Prevention
The prognosis is good, but the disease lasts a long time. To prevent the disease, current clinical guidelines call for vaccination against whooping cough[MK1]. The vaccine is administered to children in the first year of life three times, at the age of 3 months, 4.5 and 6 months, then revaccination is carried out at the age of 18 months.
Then the pertussis component is no longer introduced.
- Whooping cough in adults. Egorova O.A. FORCIPE, 2021. p.356
- Whooping cough: epidemiology, biological properties of Bordetella pertussis, principles of laboratory diagnosis and specific prophylaxis. Tyukavkina S.Yu., Harseeva G.G. Epidemiology and infectious diseases, 2014. p.50-58
- Epidemiology and vaccination of whooping cough. Sipacheva N.B., Rusakova E.V., Semenenko T.A., Nikolaeva O.G., Shcherbakov A.G. Public health and habitat, December, No. 12 (225), 2011. pp.34-36
- Whooping cough at the present stage. Nikolaeva I.V., Shaikhieva G.S. Bulletin of modern clinical medicine, volume 9, issue 2, 2016. p.25-29
- Whooping cough in young children. Petrova M.S., Popova O.P., Borisova O.Yu., Abramova E.N., Vartanyan R.V., Kelly E.I. Epidemiology and infectious diseases, 2012. p.19-24
Author of the article
Shibut Svetlana Nikolaevna
Specialty: General practitioner, allergist-immunologist, pulmonologist
Experience: 7 years
Article published on : 10/3/2016
Last updated : 11/23/2022
See also
Laryngitis
Emphysema
Chronic cough syndrome
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treatment, symptoms in children and adults, what kind of disease it is
Pulmonologist, Infectionist
The information provided on this page should not be used for self-treatment or self-diagnosis. If you suspect a disease, you should seek help from a qualified specialist. Only your doctor can diagnose and prescribe treatment.
- Causes
- Whooping cough in children and adults
- Classification
- Whooping cough symptoms
- Complications
- Diagnostic methods
- Whooping cough treatment
- Prophylaxis
What is whooping cough?
Whooping cough, an acute infection provoked by bacteria of the bordetella group, is of particular danger in childhood.
Among the key manifestations are long-term damage to the respiratory tract, due to which for 6-8 weeks in a row there is a strong cough in the form of specific attacks - reprise. Previously, this infection for the duration of manifestations was called a hundred-day cough. Whooping cough is especially dangerous in young children, up to a year it can even lead to death, and in adults it leads to a long-term atypical cough.
Causes
The causative agent of infection is a bacterium - whooping cough (in Latin Bordetella pertussis). The body reacts with irritation of the respiratory tract and prolonged inflammation to the antigens and toxins released by this microbe. Pertussis itself is unstable to external factors, sensitive to ultraviolet radiation and disinfectants. Source:
Whooping cough in adults. Egorova O.A. FORCIPE, 2021. p.356.
Only people get sick, the source of bacteria can be adults with whooping cough, adolescents or children, carriers who do not have symptoms.
It is important to know how the disease is transmitted: with particles of mucus and saliva from the nasopharynx and respiratory tract during close contact, coughing, screaming, sneezing. Carriers of the infection are especially dangerous - they do not get sick themselves, but they can spread the bacteria to others. More often they become infected in families or children's groups, since close and long-term contact is needed.
Whooping cough in children and adults
If a child or adult is not immune to whooping cough, they are up to 90% likely to get sick. Outbreaks are especially often recorded in the cold season. Children under 4-5 years of age are the most severely ill, they have an infection in its classic form. In adults and adolescents, a prolonged cough is usually manifested, which has the character of attacks, but without typical reprises and vomiting. Often this disease is mistaken for other types of diseases and is not detected, it is treated as bronchitis or laryngitis, tracheitis Source:
Whooping cough: epidemiology, biological properties of Bordetella pertussis, principles of laboratory diagnostics and specific prevention.
Tyukavkina S.Yu., Harseeva G.G. Epidemiology and infectious diseases, 2014. pp.50-58.
Classification
There are several classifications for whooping cough, depending on certain criteria. According to the degree of severity, it is possible to distinguish:
- mild course with typical reprisals, the frequency of which does not exceed 15 per day;
- the average severity of the disease - coughing attacks with reprisals occur with a frequency of 15 to 25 per day;
- severe course - the frequency of reprises exceeds 25 per day, coughing fits can occur every 15-20 minutes.
Based on the form of infection, it is possible to distinguish:
- Typical whooping cough with characteristic attacks of spasmodic cough (reprises), gradual deployment and fading of symptoms.
- Atypical form of whooping cough - these are atypical coughing attacks or a slight cough, there is no classic change in periods of the disease.
The cough period does not exceed 50 days, averaging about a month. The cough itself is dry, obsessive, with facial tension. Attacks often occur at night, intensify by the second week. Against the background of excitement, crying of the child, single typical attacks may occur, or they appear when secondary ARVI is layered. With this form of the disease, a high temperature usually occurs, but local symptoms are mild.
All signs of whooping cough can be divided into stages according to the stages of development:
- The incubation period lasts approximately from 3 to 14 days. There are no symptoms, no complaints.
- The catarrhal period lasts approximately 10-13 days. The symptoms resemble ordinary SARS, there are no characteristic manifestations, there are only general signs.
- Period of paroxysms or spasmodic stage (lasts up to 4-6 weeks). All manifestations are pronounced, attacks occur several times a day, the symptoms increase, reach their peak and then subside.
- Recovery period (reversal of symptoms) - cough attacks become less frequent, the general condition improves. In the early period of convalescence, the cough still persists, it lasts up to 8 weeks, in the late period, the integrity of the respiratory tract is restored. Source:
Whooping cough at the present stage. Nikolaeva I.V., Shaikhieva G.S. Bulletin of modern clinical medicine, volume 9, issue 2, 2016. pp. 25-29.
Whooping cough symptoms
Based on how the infection manifests itself, typical symptoms are distinguished, which, one way or another, are detected in any child. It can take up to two weeks from the moment you get pertussis to the first manifestations. During this time, the patient does not have any complaints, but by the end of the incubation period, the child or adult becomes contagious to others. This is due to the fact that the accumulated pertussis bacilli begin to be actively excreted from the body when coughing, sneezing, crying, screaming.
The disease begins gradually, the temperature rises slightly, the intoxication syndrome is mild.
Gradually, as the disease develops, the following symptoms begin to appear:
- respiratory symptoms - mild runny nose with mucous discharge, cough;
- intoxication syndrome is moderate, subfebrile temperature is typical, of short duration. If a high temperature suddenly appears, you need to look for complications, including pneumonia.
The disease begins with a slight runny nose, but gradually the cough does not decrease, but increases. By the end of the second week, the cough becomes excruciating, has the appearance of attacks with the development of typical reprises, including difficult breathing and temporary respiratory arrest. The reprises take the form of multiple coughing shocks, which end with a deep convulsive breath, which is accompanied by a typical sound - "cock's cry". Against the background of a cough attack, the child's face turns blue, when coughing, the tongue protrudes and points upwards, frenulum tears and hemorrhages on the skin of the eyelids and in the sclera are possible.
Each attack includes from 2-3 to 15 repetitions. Often the attacks end with vomiting with the discharge of a small lump of sputum.
If seizures are frequent, appetite and sleep suffer, general condition deteriorates, weight is lost, neuropsychic development may be delayed. This is especially dangerous for children of the first year of life. If the doctor listens to the lungs, hard breathing is heard, without wheezing.
Complications
If the child's immunity is fully functional, he receives a full range of therapeutic measures, complications are rare. Key complications of the infection may include:
- lung problems, including pneumonia and pleurisy;
- otitis with the formation of deafness and rupture of the membrane;
- nosebleeds, hemorrhages in the area of the retina and brain;
- umbilical, inguinal hernia;
- seizures, development of epileptic seizures;
- neuroses.
Methods of diagnosis
The basis of diagnosis is the classic reprises or atypical coughing fits that occur 2-3 weeks after contact with coughing people.
But only the determination of the bordetella itself or antibodies to it can confirm the infection. Can help with this:
- General clinical blood test. Against the background of whooping cough, the analysis reveals leukocytosis with an increase in lymphocytes, normal ESR or slightly accelerated.
- Nasopharyngeal swabs for culture and antibiotic susceptibility.
- Carrying out PCR diagnostics of material taken from the nasopharynx during smears.
- Performing an ELISA with the determination of specific markers - antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes to whooping cough. Conduct two studies with a break between them of 10-14 days, evaluating the increase in the level of IgG antibodies, which are responsible for strong immunity. In the acute stage, IgM and A should be determined, they are responsible for resistance to infection.
Chest X-ray, internal ultrasound, and other tests may be ordered. They will help assess the general condition and functioning of the respiratory system.
Methods of treatment
Understanding what whooping cough is, what symptoms are typical for it, it becomes clear how to treat it. First of all, the severity of the condition is determined. If it is mild or moderate the child can be left at home if there are no other children who have not been vaccinated against whooping cough.
If the child feels well, bed rest is not necessary. It is worth focusing on well-being. In severe forms, the child is placed in a hospital, especially if there are respiratory arrests, reprisals occur more often 15 times a day and this is a baby less than 2 years old. Source:
Whooping cough in young children. Petrova M.S., Popova O.P., Borisova O.Yu., Abramova E.N., Vartanyan R.V., Kelly E.I. Epidemiology and infectious diseases, 2012. pp.19-24.
Diet for whooping cough is not required, you can eat all foods, except for highly irritating, spicy and spicy. Air humidification, frequent airing, vitamin intake, wet cleaning are shown.
Drugs for whooping cough are prescribed depending on the stage of the disease. During the catarrhal period, antibiotics of the group of macrofoams, protected penicillins, are used. During the period of coughing attacks, antibiotics are already ineffective. Use of inhalations with hormones is shown. In addition, it is useful to relieve coughing with drugs that suppress the cough reflex - codeine, libexin. Runny nose can be relieved by vasoconstrictor drugs.
It is strictly forbidden to use any traditional methods of treatment. They can lead to serious consequences and respiratory arrest.
Prevention
The prognosis is good, but the disease lasts a long time. To prevent the disease, current clinical guidelines call for vaccination against whooping cough[MK1]. The vaccine is administered to children in the first year of life three times, at the age of 3 months, 4.5 and 6 months, then revaccination is carried out at the age of 18 months. Then the pertussis component is no longer introduced.
- Whooping cough in adults. Egorova O.A. FORCIPE, 2021. p.356
- Whooping cough: epidemiology, biological properties of Bordetella pertussis, principles of laboratory diagnosis and specific prophylaxis. Tyukavkina S.Yu., Harseeva G.G. Epidemiology and infectious diseases, 2014. p.50-58
- Epidemiology and vaccination of whooping cough. Sipacheva N.B., Rusakova E.V., Semenenko T.A., Nikolaeva O.G., Shcherbakov A.G. Public health and habitat, December, No. 12 (225), 2011. pp.34-36
- Whooping cough at the present stage. Nikolaeva I.V., Shaikhieva G.S. Bulletin of modern clinical medicine, volume 9, issue 2, 2016. p.25-29
- Whooping cough in young children. Petrova M.S., Popova O.P., Borisova O.Yu., Abramova E.N., Vartanyan R.V., Kelly E.I. Epidemiology and infectious diseases, 2012. p.19-24
Author of the article
Shibut Svetlana Nikolaevna
Specialty: General practitioner, allergist-immunologist, pulmonologist
Experience: 7 years
Article published on : 10/3/2016
Last updated : 11/23/2022
See also
Laryngitis
Emphysema
Chronic cough syndrome
Licenses
Medicom LLC
(Udarnikov Avenue)
Medicom LLC
(Vyborgskoye Highway)
Medi Len LLC
(Marshal Zakharov St.
