Babies come out of
Your baby in the birth canal Information | Mount Sinai
Shoulder presentation; Malpresentations; Breech birth; Cephalic presentation; Fetal lie; Fetal attitude; Fetal descent; Fetal station; Cardinal movements; Labor-birth canal; Delivery-birth canal
During labor and delivery, your baby must pass through your pelvic bones to reach the vaginal opening. The goal is to find the easiest way out. Certain body positions give the baby a smaller shape, which makes it easier for your baby to get through this tight passage.
The best position for the baby to pass through the pelvis is with the head down and the body facing toward the mother's back. This position is called occiput anterior.
Childbirth is really a series of four stages that culminate in the actual birth and short period thereafter. For more specific information regarding emergency delivery see the information on childbirth, emergency delivery.
Emergency measures are indicated when childbirth is imminent and no health care professional is present. Indications of late labor include rupturing of the amniotic sac, dilation of the cervix, and appearance of the baby's head at the vaginal opening.
Emergency measures are indicated when childbirth is imminent and no health care professional is present. Indications of late labor include rupturing of the amniotic sac, dilation of the cervix, and appearance of the baby's head at the vaginal opening.
Cephalic (head first) presentation is considered normal, but a breech (feet or buttocks first) delivery can be very difficult, even dangerous for the mother and the baby.
In a normal pregnancy, the baby is positioned head down in the uterus.
The term fetal presentation refers to the part of your baby's body that is closest to the birth canal. In most full-term pregnancies, the baby is positioned head down, or cephalic, in the uterus.
Information
Certain terms are used to describe your baby's position and movement through the birth canal.
FETAL STATION
Fetal station refers to where the presenting part is in your pelvis.
- The presenting part. The presenting part is the part of the baby that leads the way through the birth canal. Most often, it is the baby's head, but it can be a shoulder, the buttocks, or the feet.
- Ischial spines. These are bone points on the mother's pelvis. Normally the ischial spines are the narrowest part of the pelvis.
- 0 station. This is when the baby's head is even with the ischial spines. The baby is said to be "engaged" when the largest part of the head has entered the pelvis.
- If the presenting part lies above the ischial spines, the station is reported as a negative number from -1 to -5.
In first-time moms, the baby's head may engage by 36 weeks into the pregnancy. However, engagement may happen later in the pregnancy, or even during labor.
FETAL LIE
This refers to how the baby's spine lines up with the mother's spine. Your baby's spine is between his head and tailbone.
Your baby will most often settle into a position in the pelvis before labor begins.
- If your baby's spine runs in the same direction (parallel) as your spine, the baby is said to be in a longitudinal lie. Nearly all babies are in a longitudinal lie.
- If the baby is sideways (at a 90-degree angle to your spine), the baby is said to be in a transverse lie.
FETAL ATTITUDE
The fetal attitude describes the position of the parts of your baby's body.
The normal fetal attitude is commonly called the fetal position.
- The head is tucked down to the chest.
- The arms and legs are drawn in towards the center of the chest.
Abnormal fetal attitudes include a head that is tilted back, so the brow or the face presents first. Other body parts may be positioned behind the back. When this happens, the presenting part will be larger as it passes through the pelvis. This makes delivery more difficult.
DELIVERY PRESENTATION
Delivery presentation describes the way the baby is positioned to come down the birth canal for delivery.
The best position for your baby inside your uterus at the time of delivery is head down. This is called cephalic presentation.
- This position makes it easier and safer for your baby to pass through the birth canal. Cephalic presentation occurs in about 97% of deliveries.
- There are different types of cephalic presentation, which depend on the position of the baby's limbs and head (fetal attitude).
If your baby is in any position other than head down, your doctor may recommend a cesarean delivery.
Breech presentation is when the baby's bottom is down. Breech presentation occurs about 3% of the time. There are a few types of breech:
- A complete breech is when the buttocks present first and both the hips and knees are flexed.
- A frank breech is when the hips are flexed so the legs are straight and completely drawn up toward the chest.
- Other breech positions occur when either the feet or knees present first.
The shoulder, arm, or trunk may present first if the fetus is in a transverse lie. This type of presentation occurs less than 1% of the time. Transverse lie is more common when you deliver before your due date, or have twins or triplets.
CARDINAL MOVEMENTS OF LABOR
As your baby passes through the birth canal, the baby's head will change positions. These changes are needed for your baby to fit and move through your pelvis. These movements of your baby's head are called cardinal movements of labor.
Engagement
- This is when the widest part of your baby's head has entered the pelvis.
- Engagement tells your health care provider that your pelvis is large enough to allow the baby's head to move down (descend).
Descent
- This is when your baby's head moves down (descends) further through your pelvis.
- Most often, descent occurs during labor, either as the cervix dilates or after you begin pushing.
Flexion
- During descent, the baby's head is flexed down so that the chin touches the chest.
- With the chin tucked, it is easier for the baby's head to pass through the pelvis.
Internal Rotation
- As your baby's head descends further, the head will most often rotate so the back of the head is just below your pubic bone. This helps the head fit the shape of your pelvis.
- Usually, the baby will be face down toward your spine.
- Sometimes, the baby will rotate so it faces up toward the pubic bone.
- As your baby's head rotates, extends, or flexes during labor, the body will stay in position with one shoulder down toward your spine and one shoulder up toward your belly.
Extension
- As your baby reaches the opening of the vagina, usually the back of the head is in contact with your pubic bone.
- At this point, the birth canal curves upward, and the baby's head must extend back. It rotates under and around the pubic bone.
External Rotation
- As the baby's head is delivered, it will rotate a quarter turn to be in line with the body.
Expulsion
- After the head is delivered, the top shoulder is delivered under the pubic bone.
- After the shoulder, the rest of the body is usually delivered without a problem.
Barth WH. Malpresentations and malposition. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies.
8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 17.
Kilpatrick SJ, Garrison E, Fairbrother E. Normal labor and delivery. In: Landon MB, Galan HL, Jauniaux ERM, et al, eds. Gabbe's Obstetrics: Normal and Problem Pregnancies. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 11.
Last reviewed on: 12/3/2020
Reviewed by: LaQuita Martinez, MD, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Emory Johns Creek Hospital, Alpharetta, GA. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.
Teach Your Preschooler Where Babies Come From
Find tips on explaining to your preschooler where babies come from and how they are created.
Another common starting place for parent-child discussions of sex is the question of where babies come from. Especially if you're having a baby of your own, your preschooler will be curious about how, for example, the baby will get out of mama's belly.
You can initiate these questions by pointing out women who are pregnant to your child.
In answering your preschooler's questions about where babies come from, remember to let your child lead the discussion and determine its direction. Provide the simplest possible answer first. If your child is satisfied with your answer, leave it at that. But if he asks more questions and shows he wants more information, then by all means go into more detail.
Try to avoid letting any embarrassment you may feel about the subject color the way you answer your child. All your preschooler wants is more knowledge. And there's really nothing unseemly about the knowledge he's asking for.
At three or four, your child is capable of understanding that a father provides the seeds or sperm and a mother provides the egg, and that when a seed and an egg join together, a baby starts to grow. This answer may be enough for your preschooler. But if he then asks where daddy and mommy keep their seeds and eggs, you can tell him about testicles and ovaries.
This anatomy lesson may prompt your child to ask how the sperm and egg get together. If he does, then there's no reason to avoid answering. Tell him that daddy has to put his penis in mommy's vagina so that sperm can (maybe) reach an egg. If you explain this as plainly and clearly as you can, your child will probably respond just as matter-of-factly: "Oh." Other common questions that preschoolers have about babies and pregnancy include:
Q-tip
You might want to scour the library or consult your children's librarian for age-appropriate books that can further your child's understanding of her body and the conception, development, and birth.
- How does the baby get out of the mama's belly? Answer: Most babies come out through the mother's vagina, which stretches to let the baby out. (Make it clear, if you haven't already, that the vagina is not the same as the urethra or the anus.) But if a baby has trouble getting out that way, a doctor can open up the belly and uterus, take the baby out, and then sew the mommy back up again.
- When can I have a baby? Answer: Girls and boys can make babies when their bodies start changing, usually at about twelve or thirteen years old. That's when boys start making sperm and girls' eggs are able to join with sperm. (Now comes the moral lesson.) But at this age, boys and girls still aren't grown up. So they really can't take care of a baby properly. That's why boys and girls should wait until they're grown up before having babies.
- Can two women or two men have a baby? Answer: They can raise a baby, but they can't make one. It takes a man and a woman to make a baby. But two women or two men can be parents if they adopt a baby or if one of them already has a baby when they decide to make a family together.
Don't be surprised if your child asks the same questions over and over again. This doesn't mean that you gave him a bad answer the first time. You don't need to change your story at all. Your child is just trying to satisfy his curiosity and further his understanding.
He may need to hear the same thing more than once to absorb it.
| photos: Dmitry Dukhanin | 9000 |
"I got disgusted with my parents"
"At about 12-13 years old, I learned from a friend about conception.
For me it seemed something very terrible, I could not imagine that my parents were also doing this. I could not imagine that I would have to with someone to do this, because I really wanted to have children ... "" When I finally realized this, about 15 years old, I had a real shock. I had an aversion to my parents. I tried to overcome these feelings in myself. I told myself that all normal people do it, but nevertheless it was so nasty in my soul ... "These are excerpts from interviews with girls from the small industrial city of Shadrinsk, Kurgan Region, collected by culture expert Sergei Borisov. At his request, students of local universities created a total of about ten thousand handwritten pages of memories of their childhood and adolescence.
Until the age of six or seven, Shadrin's girls are convinced that they were brought by a stork, bought in a store, found in a garden or in a forest. From the age of seven, they already know for sure that children appear from the belly of a woman, but how they get there is very bizarre.
Explanations are predominantly magical ("a fairy with a wand" - however, she does not appear at first request, but only to married women so that the child later has a father) and quasi-medical (the child is first stuffed on the operating table into the mother's stomach so that it grows a little there, and then take it out again). There is another version of the initial presence of a tiny child in the stomach of any girl - it grows with her, and then, when the time comes, the mother begins to eat special food (or pills), the stomach grows rapidly, and from there they take out a child ready for life. Special food and pills are present in many teen stories on this topic. At the age of five, one of the respondents was convinced that she personally descended from a monkey, like everyone around: “In order for mom and dad to have a child, they donate their blood in the hospital, they mix it with the blood of a monkey and give the monkey to drink blood, and it turns out child". nine0027 As the author of the study emphasizes, despite the sexual education of recent decades, modern children's ideas are deeply archaic.
They contain motifs recorded in the myths and rituals of different peoples of the world. | CONSTRUCTION FROM | ||
In most myths about the origin of the human race, it is stated that the progenitor did not have a male spouse. For example, the ancient Egyptians believed that conception occurred as a result of swallowing. In the famous Egyptian myth about the daily birth and death of the sun, the sky goddess Nut, taking the form of a cow, gives birth to a golden calf in the morning (the pink color of dawn is the blood of the goddess during childbirth). During the day the calf matures, becomes a bull-Ra; in the evening the bull copulates with the heavenly cow-Nut, after which the goddess swallows the solar bull, and in the morning she gives birth again, and everything repeats.
nine0027 The plot of conception from something eaten, popular among children, is known in Russian fairy tales and in the myths of the Papuan Kiwais, in Kurdish, Indian, Khanty, ancient Chinese, Arabic and Pamir folklore. Often in ancient ideas, the important role in the conception of certain fluids is emphasized: water, saliva, blood. In one of the Indian tales, a deer licks the raja's saliva: "... And the deer suffered from the raja's spit, and in due time a human child was born to her." In Scandinavian mythology, important people, aces and vans, collect their saliva in a special vessel, and a creature is born there that has absorbed all the wisdom of their ancestors. nine0027 Water in the views of many peoples is associated with the birth of a child and the appearance of his soul. According to the beliefs of the Western Slavs, the souls of unborn children live in water bodies. Among Ukrainians, one of the mythological formulas for the origin of children sounds like this: "Caught in the water" or "Water brought it.
" Among the Russians, the concept of the fertilizing power of water was reflected in the ritual of wallowing in the dew of barren women seeking to become pregnant. In the myth of the Trobriands, the mother of the legendary hero Tudava lived alone in a grotto on the seashore. Once she slept under a dripping stalactite. Drops of water pierced her vagina and took her virginity. nine0027 Very common are the ideas about menstrual blood as the basis of life, which is dominant among the majority of Indo-European peoples, including the Slavs. In the villages of the Smolensk province, for example, for the treatment of infertility, they put a shirt with monthly secretions on a hot stove - "as this blood is baked on the stove, so that the children are baked in my womb." And vice versa: in the Kaluga region, in order to make a woman childless, a sorceress steals her underwear with traces of menstruation, soaks the blood and pours it with spells on a hot stove. The Maori view menstrual blood as a kind of failed human being: if the blood hadn't flowed out, it could have turned into a human.
nine0027 | Conception from golden rain | ||
The modern concept of fatherhood is relatively recent. In most primitive societies, sexual intercourse is not associated with the birth of a child at all. For example, Australian Aborigines believe that a woman can become pregnant only if the spirit of some ancestor awaiting reincarnation enters her. Among the Arunta, women who are afraid of pregnancy try to avoid burial places where spirits, candidates for earthly life, are located. But it does not occur to them for fear of becoming pregnant to abstain from sex. nine0027 This does not mean that in primitive tribes there is no concept of a father. In the most ancient societies, built on the principle of exogamy, that is, the division of the clan into two groups, between which marriage is allowed and within which it is prohibited, all men of their group are considered fathers.
In a biological sense, neither of them can be a father, since communication within the group is punishable by death. With the emergence of property and inheritance relations, the criterion of paternity becomes the possession of a woman. In some Papuan tribes, men obtain wives for themselves by buying them from neighboring tribes or by force, after which the woman is considered the property of the man, like any other thing. After the death of the husband, the wife passes into the possession of his eldest son, like all her children. Thus, the eldest son is considered the father of all his younger brothers. However, sexual intercourse between a widow and her son is forbidden, and as a "sleeping woman" she passes to the younger brothers of her late husband. nine0027 In the Nuer tribe, the social structure is based on formal marriages arranged through the transfer of livestock. Husbands and wives can separate, the wife can live separately and choose her lovers. However, all children born to her after the conclusion of the marriage are considered to belong to the family of her husband, who, at the conclusion of the marriage, gave cattle for her as a wedding ransom.
Nayar girls from the southern regions of India, upon reaching puberty, enter into a fictitious marriage with a man of the corresponding caste, who ritually becomes the father of all her future children. After that, they live independently and enjoy complete sexual freedom. nine0027 Archaic ideas do not always underestimate the role of the father in the appearance of children. Sometimes, on the contrary, it is exaggerated. For example, among the Arapesh tribe, according to the testimony of the ethnographer who described them, the role of the father was not limited only to the act of conception: "The Arapesh have no idea that after conception ... the husband can leave and, returning nine months later, find out that his his wife bore him a child. Such fatherhood they would consider impossible and, moreover, repulsive. A child for them is not the product of a momentary passion, but something carefully created by father and mother over a certain period of time. " The sexual activity of the arapesh is seen as purposeful work, the task of which is to create a child, feed him, give him shape during the first weeks when he is in the mother's womb.
According to the Gimi people of New Guinea, work on the creation of a child should continue until his birth. In particular, intimacy with a woman in the last days of pregnancy is needed to close the fontanel. nine0027 Remnants of such representations have been preserved among the Russians, albeit in a satirical form. For example, in the fairy tale "The Priest and the Man" from the well-known collection of cherished fairy tales by A. N. Afanasiev, it is told how the husband leaves to work, leaving his pregnant wife. A priest comes to the woman and informs that her husband left without finishing the child. The woman asks the priest to help her, he willingly agrees. She happily tells her returning husband how the priest helped her in finishing the child. | Cloth from saliva | ||
In the ancient cultures of the East, it is believed that the sex of the unborn child can be influenced if the expectant mother adheres to a certain diet for several months before conception.
If a woman wants a boy, she must eat salty food. If the girl is sweet. nine0027 Tibetan medicine associated the sex of the unborn child with the moment of conception: at conception on the first, third, fifth, seventh day after the end of menstruation, a boy is born; in the second, fourth, sixth and eighth - a girl. As magical means to promote the birth of a boy, Tibetan doctors recommended wearing a cord on the belt, woven by an innocent youth from wool taken from the right shoulder blades of an odd number of rams. An image of a boy must be hung on a cord, wrapped in a piece of mutton skin. There is also an easier way to influence the sex of the unborn child: the mother should always have portraits of beautiful children, boys or girls, depending on who she wants, a son or a daughter. nine0027 According to Pliny the Elder, the ancient Greeks, and later the Romans, believed that a pregnant woman could be sure that she would have a boy if she ate hare testicles or a uterus or drank thistle juice.
Aristotle predicted the sex of the unborn child differently: he said that powerful women always have girls. Among the Slavic peoples, it was believed that in order to give birth to a boy, a man should go to bed on the right hand of his wife and begin sexual intercourse from the right side. In turn, a woman after sexual intercourse should lie down for a while on her right side. In the 19th century, in the Oryol province, such a belief was described: if you put a hat on your husband’s head during copulation, there will be a boy; if you tie it with a woman's scarf, - a girl. In the Kama region, if they wanted a girl, a woman would put a spinning wheel cut from splinters under her pillow for the duration of sexual intercourse, if a boy, an ax. nine0027
| Conception from the Holy Spirit | ||
Many nations tie fertile days to a woman's menstrual cycle.
The idea of conceiving a child from menstrual blood underlies the idea that pregnancy occurs during menstruation. It was this theory that was widespread among the Slavic peoples, including the Russians. Tibetan doctors considered the first twelve days after menstruation favorable for conception. It was widely believed among the inhabitants of the Marquesas that the most favorable period for conception follows immediately after menstruation, and the days during which conception is impossible lie just in the middle between menstruation. nine0027 Eastern tradition, in addition, attaches great importance to the psychological state of a married couple. According to anthropologist Alvin Verier, who spent many years in the Indian Muriya tribe, it is believed that a woman can become pregnant only when she commits herself to a partner in her thoughts. If a woman does not want to become pregnant, her soul will suppress and reject the sperm, and conception will not take place. In an ancient Chinese text, the preparations for conception are described as follows: "First, one must purify one's heart and cast off all worldly sorrows by meditating and concentrating one's mind through fasting.
Then, on the third day after a woman's in the morning, the man must arouse her passion. Then he must connect with her, making sure that his innermost feelings coincide with hers, and carefully mix his own pleasure with that of his partner. nine0027 | Found in a cabbage | ||
All peoples have a lot of rituals relating to pregnancy. Basically, these rituals have protective functions. Many of them are designed to hide the child: this is concealing the onset of pregnancy even from close relatives, a ban on showing the child up to a certain age, etc. To this day, Russians, Bashkirs and some other nations have retained a ban on coming up with a name for a child before birth and buying children's things. nine0027 In Rus', a pregnant woman, as a rule, hid the fact of her pregnancy even from her husband.
It was believed that the child develops best when no one except the mother knows about it. All relatives and neighbors always played along with her in this and did not ask direct questions about her pregnancy and due date. It was believed that only those who wished to spoil the pregnant and unborn baby could be openly interested in this. Only the husband, her mother and mother-in-law could ask a woman about the fact of pregnancy and the term of delivery, and then only when they were practically sure that the pregnancy had taken place. nine0027 As soon as the family began to guess, all the wishes of the pregnant woman were fulfilled unquestioningly. To refuse her request, especially if her requests were for food, was considered a sin, because this "requires the soul of an infant." According to folk beliefs, if a pregnant woman asked for something and was refused, this could bring the wrath of the ancestors to the offender's house: the mice would gnaw through all the clothes. | Born from the foam of the sea | ||
In ancient Indo-European cultures, the mouse personifies a number of related concepts - the soul of an ancestor, the soul of an unborn baby, the other world. The unborn child is connected with the other world, the world of ancestors, from where his soul comes, and therefore he is perceived both as subject to various dangers and as a source of danger. nine0027 Pregnant women of the Lele tribe try not to approach the sick, since the proximity of the child in their stomach can cause an increase in cough or fever. Among the Nyakosa people, it is believed that the amount of grain that a pregnant woman approaches decreases because the embryo is very voracious and steals it. A child in the stomach is akin to a sorcerer, he strives to spoil food: beer turns sour, iron is poorly forged by a blacksmith, milk coagulates, nothing grows. The father of the child during the pregnancy of his wife is in danger in the war or on the hunt. nine0027 Such fear differs little from the fear of the dead, cemeteries, and everything connected with death, which is characteristic of modern man.
Non-existence frightens us in exactly the same way as "primitive people", but unlike us, they experience the horror not only of post-mortem non-existence, but also of the previous birth. An example of such horror experienced by modern man is found at the beginning of Nabokov's autobiography, Other Shores, which tells of a young man who experienced "almost a panic while watching a home-made film shot a few weeks before his birth. Especially terrible was the sight of a brand-new nursery carriage, standing on the porch with the self-satisfied insolence of a coffin. nine0027 | brought AIST | ||
In many nations, the approach of childbirth, like pregnancy, is kept in deep secrecy. It is believed that the less people know about this, the better for the woman in labor.
In the archaic consciousness, childbirth is perceived as the peak of the growing danger associated with crossing the border between the other world and the world of the living. nine0027 Lévi-Strauss's famous work, The Sorcerer and His Magic, describes a Kuna shamanistic song that is sung to ease difficult childbirth. The song tells how a shaman, at the head of a detachment of guardian spirits, goes to the house of Muu, a deity who has captured and by force holds the soul of a woman in labor. The path of the shaman runs through the birth canal and the uterus of the woman in labor, inside which there is a battle with Muu and the release of the captive soul. Once the soul is liberated, the mother is safely delivered from childbirth. nine0027 In the maternity rites of many peoples, water is widely used. A woman in labor is given water or washed with water, and always running; water is poured on the bench, door handle and other objects. In ancient mythology, water is a dual symbol. Flowing water (rain, river, stream) has a cleansing and fertilizing power.
Still water is the element of death. The intrauterine child developing in the amniotic fluid is an otherworldly being from the world of the dead. Accordingly, the outpouring of fetal waters along with the child being born is an initiation into earthly life. nine0027 In connection with this archaic water symbolism, the practice of childbirth in water, popular in some Western countries, and especially in Russia, is of particular interest. The ideology of this movement is to return the newborn to conditions close to intrauterine, and mitigate the birth stress. In support of the correctness of this practice, evidence from ethnography is cited, in particular the fact that in ancient Egypt priests were born in this way. In Egypt, indeed, the birth of the future priest took place in a special way. A woman who was in labor pains was lowered into a dungeon, lit only by the light of torches. There she waited for attempts to plunge into a small pool, in which the birth of the future priest took place.
Mother and child remained in the dungeon for another 40 days, and only after that they gradually, with precautions and various rituals, came out into the light. The purpose of the rite was to preserve the status of an otherworldly being in a newborn baby, associated with the world of the dead, and thanks to this, possessing supernatural abilities. Then the newborn was brought up in a special way, which made it possible to preserve and develop these abilities in him. So, even if we leave aside the medical aspects of childbirth in water, it is easy to see that the symbolic meaning of this procedure turns out to be rather sinister. nine0027 "Children come out full from school zeros» | Chalk
The "Soviet" (aka "fundamental") model of school education is traditionally loved in Russian society. It is with her that it is customary to associate all the scientific and industrial successes of the country in the 20th century.
The discussion about the viability and relevance of such a model was once again updated after German Gref's speech at the Gaidar Forum. Mel publishes an extended commentary by our reader Ekaterina Kobrin on this issue. nine0252
I agree with Gref’s opinion that the entire education system in Russia has come to a standstill: “We are trying to reproduce the old, absolutely worthless Soviet model of education – stuffing children with a huge amount of knowledge.” We live in the past, we are trying to plant more and more “meat” on an already inanimate model in the hope that it will miraculously, contrary to the wishes of the child, grow.
Now the school curriculum is built on the principle “if you want a sheep, ask for a camel”
This concept is in huge demand, it sells well to parents. Parents are scared: “You don’t want the school to become just a left-luggage office, do you? Do you want knowledge? We will give and give a lot. Make sure you take something." Curiously, this concept can be sold to parents, but it is almost impossible to sell to children! Most children will not climb into this stove for anything and never.
nine0252
Parents blush and obediently scribble in notepads at parent-teacher meetings when a chemist shakes a thick book and categorically says: “The exam is on the nose, and the children don’t know anything about chemistry! I see that they don’t do chemistry with children.” Parents hire a chemistry tutor to give even more knowledge. The child says: “I don’t want to. Not interested. No need". Because a child either has a process of active cognition of interesting things, or nothing at all.
I don’t understand why people don’t want to face the truth: with an absurdly filled and complex academic program, children leave school with full zeros
They sit for 8-9 lessons a day from 8:30 to 16:00 - without sports, fresh air, all-round development of the personality, hating it all, for the sake of creating the illusion of comprehending a complex scientific program. They write off complex algebraic problems from the board, never understanding the topic of the composition of a number.
I read somewhere a wonderful example that in a country of universal study of complex physics and stereometry, one out of thousands can explain why an airplane flies, what is the physics of the process, alternating current or direct current in an outlet, and so on. Of the chemistry in the head, 86% seem to have only ethyl alcohol left. Listening to the speeches of the deputies, one wonders: it seems that Onegin "passed" back in 9class.
Parents are ready to repeat “sherbet-sherbet” about Soviet, and now about Russian education, just because someone who received this education managed to leave the country and get a good job abroad. Is it possible to give examples of truly outstanding (gifted, purposeful, successful) people who, having received a Soviet education, were able to become world-class scientists, tough businessmen - and project this example onto an average student?
There is a very cruel argument among the defenders of Soviet education: whoever needs it, who is gifted, will peck knowledge like a chicken grain by grain
Because it really is.
Here Novoselov, they say, studied in Nizhny Tagil and nothing, normally, the Soviet education did not prevent him from receiving the Nobel Prize. Well, try it, maybe your child, in spite of everything, will also become Novoselov. He will reach Manchester in sandals. By the way, in any case, 90% of children will be left behind. For those who don't really need it, it's not very interesting and it's not very easy. And it cannot be said that this is their problem and the problem of their parents. These are the people we will meet when leaving the apartment in a few years. These are not smart, intelligent boys and girls who both shone here and “there” collected all kinds of grants and awards. These are people who ... yes, those are on TV ... who are in the entrance ... who ... Look around. nine0252
In fact, the level of education is low, very low and not just on average, but in the mass. A mass of people whose future is sad in a world that is rapidly dividing into highly qualified specialists and very low-skilled workers.
And this is also the result of Soviet education. But we cannot even point a finger at ourselves, at our whole generation, and say - look, we received a Soviet education and achieved success. Because most people are just incredibly lucky with the market. nine0252
We started from scratch, when there was nothing and no one, when, against the backdrop of dullness, a cunning foreign language graduate - just knowing English, being sociable and possessing natural ingenuity - could easily, even without additional education, having picked up "out of thin air", become and a banker, and a marketer, and a broker, yes, anyone. Everything was possible, all charts were pearling up, stools dug into the ground were blooming.
How different it is from the world that our today's schoolchildren will enter with a certificate! nine0252
It’s a shame to see how parents are afraid of a bias towards the practicality of education, what kind of rejection parents have of competence-based approaches instead of the frontal shipment of “fundamental scientific knowledge” and a survey, interdisciplinary research projects instead of the classic, time-tested “3rd paragraph of the bottom, answer in writing to questions to the paragraph.
