1Year old baby development

Your toddler's developmental milestones at 1 year

Explainer

Everything you need to know about your growing 1-year-old

Congratulations, you officially have a toddler! Toddlers are more active, curious and expressive. At this age, your child may begin to use words, be able to stand on her/his own and take a few steps. To help your little one learn and grow, read books to your child and encourage active play.

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Social and emotional

Language and communication

Brain development

Movement and physical development

Food and nutrition

Things to look out for

Tips and resources

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Social and emotional milestones at 1 year

Some of the ways you’ll see your little one learning to connect with the people around him at 1 year:

Hands you a book when he wants to hear a story.
Cries when his parents leave.
Is shy around strangers.
He’ll put out an arm or leg to help with getting dressed.
Has favourite toys.
Repeats sounds to get your attention.

Tips for parents

Play social games with him like hiding something and coaxing him to find it.
Try to get him to help with getting dressed by asking him to put his leg out, stand up, etc.

Language and communication milestones at 1 year

How your toddler is expressing her needs:

Is using basic gestures like waving and saying basic words like “mama” and “dada.”
Her babbles sound more like speech.
Responds to simple requests you give.
She will try to repeat words you say.

Tips for parents

Encourage your toddler to say ‘hello’ and ‘goodbye.’ Praise your toddler when they do so, as this can help their socio-emotional development.
Praise your toddler when she repeats words or tries to speak with others.
Prompt her to point to characters and objects when you’re reading to her.

Brain development milestones at 1 year

How your child’s brain is growing:

He is copying movements and gestures.
Bangs objects together.
Drinks from a cup and uses other objects correctly.
Finds things that are hidden.
He looks at the right object when it is named.
Can follow simple directions and lets go of objects without help.
He puts objects in containers and can take them out.

Tips for parents

Give support and guidance to your toddler when he’s playing a game.
As you notice your toddler gaining skills and being able to do some things on his own, you can progressively reduce your support but still observe and guide him.

Movement and physical development milestones at 1 year

How she’ll move through her environment:

Can take a few steps without support.
Gets into a sitting position without support.
Pulls up to stand and walks while holding onto furniture.

Tips for parents

Try placing your toddler on flat surfaces to help her develop her gross motor skills like crawling and moving her arms and legs.

Food and nutrition milestones at 1 year

What mealtimes look like at 1 year:

Eats a greater variety of foods, such as soft-cooked vegetables and soft fruits.
He is starting to learn how to eat on his own.
Can thoroughly chew his food.
He is beginning to be able to use an open cup.

Tips for parents

Give your toddler half a cup of food four to five times a day, along with two healthy snacks.
Continue to breastfeed if he wants to.

Things to look out for

While all children develop differently, you should speak to your paediatrician if your 1-year-old:

Isn’t crawling.
Won't search for hidden objects.
Is unable to stand without support.
Doesn’t point.
Doesn’t say simple words.
Loses skills she once had.

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Toddler Milestones: Your Baby’s Development at 1 Year

After a baby’s first birthday, the rate of growth begins to slow down. Your baby is now a toddler and is very active. If your toddler isn’t walking yet, he or she will soon. Walking offers chances for exploring areas that were previously out of reach, and for practicing independence.

Doctors use milestones to tell if a toddler is developing as expected. There’s a wide range of what’s considered normal, so some children may gain skills earlier or later than others. Toddlers who were born prematurely may reach milestones later. Always talk with your doctor about your child’s progress.

What can a 1 Year Old Baby do at this age?

As your baby continues to grow, you will notice new and exciting abilities that develop. While babies may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones your baby may reach in this age group:

Walks alone by 15 months, then begins to run
Can stop, squat then stand again
Sits down on small stool or chair
Climbs stairs while holding on
Dances with music
Plays with push and pull toys
Can build towers out of blocks
Throws a ball overhand
Puts two- to three-piece puzzles together
Scribbles with crayon or pencil and may imitate drawing a straight line or circle
Mostly feeds self with fingers
Begins to feed self with spoon
Drinks well from cup
Can help with dressing and may be able to undress simple clothes (i. e., clothes without buttons or zippers)
First molar (back) teeth appear
Takes one afternoon nap
May sleep 10 to 12 hours at night

What Can a 1 Year Old Baby Say?

Speech development is very exciting for parents as they watch their babies become social beings that can interact with others. While every baby develops speech at his or her own rate, the following are some of the common milestones in this age group:

Imitates animal sounds and noises
At one year, says four to six simple words
At 18 months, says 10 to 15 words
By 18 to 24 months, uses simple phrases or two-word sentences (i.e., “Mommy up”)
By 2 years, says 100 or more words
Asks “What is … ?”
Uses negative phrases such as “No want”

What Does a 1 Year Old Baby Understand?

By about 18 months of age, children begin to understand symbols – the relationship of objects and their meanings. While children may progress at different rates, the following are some of the common milestones children may reach in this age group:

Waves bye-bye and plays pat-a-cake
By 18 months understands one-step questions and commands such as “Where is the ball?”
By 24 months understands two-step questions and commands such as “Go to your room and get your shoes. ”
Understands object permanence (a hidden object is still there)
Understands the cause-and-effect relationship better
Likes to explore drawers and boxes to see what is inside
Make-believe play increases (i.e., may imitate housework or feed a doll)
Recognizes own face in mirror
Can point to body parts (i.e., nose, hair, eyes) when asked
Begins to understand use of certain objects (i.e., the broom is for sweeping the floor)
May ask for parent’s help by pointing

What Can a 1 Year Old Baby See?

As your baby’s eyesight develops, they begin to be able to focus on and interact with people and objects. Their motor skills and hand eye coordination continue to get stronger and they are able to start seeing toys across the room and exploring their functions. For example, they can focus on a ball and begin to kick or throw it.

While babies are still developing, many things intrigue them. A 1 year old may become curious about certain toys and objects that have moving parts and can be infatuated with how it works. At this stage, they will enjoy looking at bright colors and pictures in books, especially familiar images. Encourage your baby to explore new places and objects, while pointing out items by name.

1 Year Old Baby Sensory Development: Touch

Your baby will begin to wander around by either crawling or walking to explore their new freedom. While it’s important for them to experience different textures and surfaces in your home, make sure there are no dangerous items that can hurt them. Be aware of small objects that they could choke on, as they are in a phase of putting items in their mouth.

Once these safety precautions are done, allow your 1 year old to roam around and feel different objects. You can let your baby feel the fuzziness of a blanket or a rough concrete surface. Allow them to squish different foods in their hand like blueberries, and discover what items feel the same or have different textures.

What Can My 1 Year Old Baby Taste And Smell?

At 1 years old, your baby is trying different foods and is developing food preferences. The best way to keep their food palette growing is to continue giving them new food items with different tastes and smells. They might not eat it or like it at first, but keep trying. It can take multiple tries before a baby likes a new food.

Encourage your baby to explore outside and experience different scents, like sweet flowers and rain.

How Does a 1 Year Old Baby Interact With Others?

As children begin to walk, they may show independence and try to walk farther away from the parent. Separation anxiety and fear of strangers may lessen, then return at about 18 months. While every child is unique and will develop different personalities, the following are some of the common behavioral traits that may be present in your child:

Plays alongside others without interacting, called parallel play
May begin clinging to parents around 18 months
May begin to say “no” more frequently to commands or needs
May have temper tantrums
May use a blanket or stuffed animal as a security object in place of the parent

1 Year Old Baby Physical Growth

Your doctor has measured your baby’s weight, length and head size (circumference) since birth and put them on a growth chart. This is where to look first if you have questions about your baby’s growth.

When you look at the growth chart with the doctor, compare your baby’s growth with their own growth pattern, not with the growth of other babies. As long as your baby’s growth is steady, there’s usually no reason to worry.

If you’re concerned about your baby’s weight or growth, talk with your doctor, who might ask:

Has your baby been sick? A couple days of not feeling well, especially if combined with vomiting or diarrhea, can lead to weight loss. The weight will come back when your little one feels better.
Is your baby on the move? Crawling, cruising and walking burn calories, so weight gain might be less with this mobility.
Is your baby more interested in playing peek-a-boo or dropping the spoon on the floor than eating? The world is a fascinating place, and your almost-toddler is learning more every day. Try not to distract your baby during mealtime. Also watch for signs that your little one has eaten enough.
Are you introducing the right kinds of foods? As your baby gets better at eating, pay more attention to the texture and types of foods you serve. Your child might have lost interest in puréed baby foods. Instead, serve soft table foods and finger foods that are safe and fun.

What About a Baby Who Gains Weight Fast?

Parents may wonder: Can babies gain too much weight? But only a few babies and toddlers are overweight. In those cases, advice from the baby’s doctor can help.

Never skip feedings. But do watch for signs from your baby that they are full. Make sure your baby’s calories come from nutritious sources, like fruits, vegetables and fortified cereals after age 1.

Get down on the rug with your baby and encourage physical activity, making sure that your little one has a safe space to move around in. Limit time spent in car seats, strollers and playpens.

One of the best things you can do for your baby is to eat well and be physically active yourself. Your baby has a better chance of growing up fit if good health habits are part of the family’s way of life.

How Long Should My Baby Sleep?

Toddlers are more and more aware of their surroundings, so distractions can disrupt them at bedtime. A simple and consistent bedtime routine is a parent’s best bet for getting a sleepy toddler into bed. Between the ages of 1 and 2, most kids need about 11 –14 hours of sleep a day, including one or two daytime naps.

At around 18 months, or sometimes sooner, most toddlers condense their two naps into one afternoon nap. A toddler who fights the morning nap is probably ready for just an afternoon nap.

Check out our Healthy Sleep for Children guide for more info.

How Can I Help Increase My 1-Year-Old Baby’s Learning And Emotional Security?

Consider the following as ways to foster the emotional security of your 1-year-old:

Give your child toys that can be filled and emptied and toys for imaginary play.
Give your child simple two- to six-piece puzzles and balls of all sizes.
Help your child build towers of blocks.
Encourage your child to “help” you with household tasks.
Give your child paper and large crayons to scribble and draw.
Talk to your child with clear simple language about what you are doing.
Use the correct names for objects, even if your child does not. For example: your child might say “wa-wa,” and you say “Water, that is right.”
Expand your child’s sentences. If your child says, “Want cookie,” you say, “Do you want another cookie?”
Read to your child every day using picture and story books.
Feed your child at family mealtimes.
Provide consistent firm, appropriate discipline without yelling or hitting.

Reviewed by Dr. Vivi Tran, Los Alamitos Pediatrics, CHOC Primary Care – May 2021

Child development at 1 year old: what to look for, features of development

Tiunova Elena

Published: 04/07/2022

Reading time: 5 min

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Babies are growing rapidly. It seemed that only recently a small squeaky bundle appeared in the house, which is difficult even to focus its eyes, and now it is already humming, looking around with interest and preparing to celebrate its first birthday. 11-12 months - the age when the child begins to carefully try to walk with support or on his own, his teeth continue to cut, and he himself actively learns about the world around him. This period, which has come so quickly, causes natural excitement in parents: what a child should be able to do in a year, whether it develops normally. It should be said right away that all children are individual, and you should not compare the baby with others, it is better to focus on medical criteria.

Peculiarities of a child's development at 1 year old

Compared to previous months, the baby becomes much more active and inquisitive. Parents begin to notice this even after the first half of the year, but by the age of one, the child becomes even more intelligent and curious. Its weight is about three times greater than at birth, and averages 10–12 kg, and such children are about 72–77 cm tall. Much depends on genetics, on the pace at which the baby's parents grew at one time. The main thing is that the ratio of height and weight should be organic, for example, a tall child weighs more. If the baby does not fit into the criteria slightly, there is no reason for concern, even if the child at this age looks a little different for acquaintances. Every baby is unique.

Physiological changes

Starting from the age of one year, the growth rate will slow down a little. This is completely normal: only in the first 12 months of life the baby grows so rapidly, then the process will become a little less fast.

Weight loss. Strictly speaking, the weight itself does not decrease - only the rate of its growth. Infantile plumpness gradually begins to go away, but partially still remains. Over time, the baby will gain weight more slowly, and this indicates its normal development.

Teeth. A baby is already erupting several teeth per year - up to 8 on average. It is worth showing the child to the doctor if he has not had a single milk tooth in a year. When they are cut, the baby becomes restless, often sleeps poorly at night: he is uncomfortable, and this prevents him from falling asleep. Doctors give recommendations on how to reduce discomfort for a child during teething.

Feet. They are still flat in the baby, no bend has appeared on them. This will pass with time, when the child gets used to walking on his own, then the fat pads on the feet will disappear. If the baby has already begun to actively walk, the pads may disappear earlier, and a healthy bend will begin to appear on the legs. The doctor will examine the baby's legs during a routine checkup, and he will tell if everything is fine with them.

The child's motor activity

What a child can do in a year cannot be compared with his skills just a few months ago. He has already learned to deal with his own body much better, he is very active, moves a lot and in various ways. In the handles, the baby calmly holds two objects, can collect a pyramid or even hold a spoon at the table while feeding. Of course, in many activities he still needs the help of his parents: such small children are able to concentrate on something for only a few minutes.

Active movements. The child crawls, stands up, including from a squatting position, kneels on his own. He can climb onto a chair or sofa or get down from there, and with the help of his parents, go up or down the stairs. Children are very inquisitive, so at this age they should not be left near open windows or dangerous objects. The kid can guess to get to the windowsill with the help of a chair. Fine motor skills become much better: the child can take some small object with two fingers, take a cup and drink from it.

Dancing. Little children love music. Many notice that, having heard an interesting melody, the baby begins to dance actively: he likes it. Some not only dance, but also try to sing along to children's songs. If the child does not do this, you can show him a simple dance, and he will begin to repeat without the prompting of mom or dad.

Fast moving on all fours . Almost all babies at this age are already crawling, and quite quickly. Some skip the step of walking on all fours and immediately get on their feet, but this does not happen for everyone. Most often, a one-year-old child calmly crawls.

Walking with parental support. Some babies are already starting to take their first steps. Few people begin to walk on their own, but most babies can already walk uncertainly, holding the hand of mom or dad. Some people try to walk by holding on to walls or other supports. However, there are also children who are in no hurry to start moving on two legs, and this is completely normal. If your child has not yet gone, do not rush him. Dr. Komarovsky suggests that in such cases it may even be useful to delay walking: walking upright is a serious burden on the back, perhaps the baby is just not ready for it yet [1].

Psycho-emotional development of a child at 1 year old

The kid is very curious, attentively looks at the behavior of adults and tries to copy it. It is important to remember this when educating: even if the child does not listen to you, he will definitely adopt your behavior. The child is very interested in folding and disassembling things, so he can be interested in cubes, pyramids, and build structures out of them. Some people like to leaf through books, hide and look for objects. Babies at this age already show a wide range of emotions, their vocabulary contains up to 10-15 simple words, they recognize different animals and remember the names of their parents. A one-year-old child is able to understand a simple instruction: “come”, “give”. He's starting to get interested in games with a story. Long-term memory also improves: the baby remembers what happened a few days ago. He recognizes animals and objects, and may learn to use some of them, such as opening a closet.

Features of the development of girls at 1 year old

Psychologically, boys and girls at this age are still very similar. They are interested in balls and pyramids, games with a story, toys with which you can interact in different ways. Therefore, you should not limit the child, say, to dolls, if it is a girl. There are no significant differences in the weight and height of boys and girls at this age. But the psychomotor and mental development of girls can be slightly ahead of that of boys. This will smooth out later, but for now, the baby can start walking earlier or, say, say words.

Features of the development of boys at 1 year old

Children at this age are very similar, as well as the games they prefer. Toddlers can imitate the actions of their parents: hence the possible interest in toys that repeat "adult" objects. This applies to children of both sexes, so try to give them variety. Kids like different games, no need to limit them to cars and balls.

How to check the level of development of a child

There is no need to impose too strict requirements, it is better to focus on the developmental features characteristic of this age. To understand how a child develops and what a 1 year old can do, you can conduct a few simple tests:

see how the baby moves, how he crawls, whether he can walk, climb or get off sofas and armchairs;
evaluate gestures, to see if the child can make meaningful gestures such as shaking his head or waving his hand;
listen to his speech, understand if there is at least one meaningful word in the baby's speech;
see how the child plays, what interests him, how his arms and legs work, whether he can use simple household items;
estimate the number of teeth;
play with the kid, offer him cubes or a pyramid, see if he will collect a turret from them or just discard them.

Classes for development

Children need to be engaged: it has a beneficial effect on their development, helps in later life, including in adulthood [2]. So the child will begin to learn new skills and knowledge faster, later it will help him with his studies and will allow him to better and faster understand the surrounding reality. Remember that at this age you need to gradually give the baby more independence, for example, allowing him to choose which blouse he will wear or which book he will read to him at night. Try to take the child in your arms as little as possible so that he has an incentive to get to the right place on his own.

Music. Children love musical toys, children's songs and melodies. In addition, the more various pleasant sounds the baby hears, the more developed his hearing will be. Therefore, include children's songs, melodies and collections that are specially designed for young children. In addition, it will be easier for the baby to play to the music, he may want to dance, thereby developing motor activity, or sing along - this contributes to the development of speech. Of course, if he does not like some melody (at this age, children are already beginning to acquire their own preferences), it is better not to turn it on, but turn on the one that suits your taste.

Dialogues and reading. The more you talk with the child, the more words you use in dialogues, the more extensive his vocabulary will be. Long conversations with the baby contribute to the development of speech. Try to communicate with the child all the time that you spend with him: describe the objects he looks at, point out various things and phenomena that are interesting to the child and pronounce their name while walking. Try to communicate with the baby because of his children's speech capabilities. When talking, name the words clearly and distinctly, so that it is easier for the child to remember them and repeat them, use soft and affectionate intonations: the baby at this age perfectly recognizes and feels the mood of others. You can and should read little books. At this age, he himself does not yet know how to read, but he can look at pictures and listen to his mother's voice, learning new words and learning to perceive simple stories.

Development of fine motor skills. It is by the age of one that the child fully learns to work with the index finger [3], uses it to point at something or pick up objects. Handles obey him much better than before, but the baby still needs the development of fine and gross motor skills. This can be done with the help of outdoor games:

modeling from salt dough or special sand;
sandbox games with scoops and spatulas;
unfolding sorters, sticking stickers;
screwing and unscrewing caps;
use of small toys, for example when bathing.

You can teach your child to do simple things like washing and drying hands: this will also benefit him, in addition to helping the baby take better care of himself. To master such skills, most likely, you will need to set your own example. Little by little, you can begin to teach him more complex actions, such as trying to fasten buttons.

Drawing. Children are very fond of drawing, so try to provide your child with paper, finger paints or crayons. Drawing perfectly develops the skills of recognizing surrounding objects, promotes spatial thinking and is generally useful. In addition, bright colors and the ability to create something are very pleasing to the baby.

Possible developmental abnormalities

Every child should be examined by a pediatrician every year. At a scheduled examination, a vaccination schedule is formed, the baby's condition is assessed, both physical and neuropsychic. The doctor will ask the parents questions, the answers to which will determine whether the child is developing normally. You should be wary only if the child shows serious deviations in behavior:

cannot crawl, stands poorly, has difficulty moving;
does not pronounce meaningful words, there is no gesticulation;
does not understand even simple requests, interacts poorly with parents and other children;
does not know how to use household items. At the same time, one-year-old children may well string the pyramid in the wrong order, this is normal.

If you are concerned about something, tell your pediatrician about it during a routine examination. It will help you deal with problems if you have any.

A baby who has crossed the one-year mark is very different from himself just a few months ago. Further, he will become more and more intelligent, active and independent, delighting his parents and learning about the world. Remember: every child is not like the other, and take into account the individual characteristics of the baby in the upbringing and development.

[1] Evgeny Komarovsky “The Beginning of Life. Your child from birth to one year”

[2] John Medina “Rules for developing your child’s brain”

[3] Elena Sosoreva “The first year of a baby's life. 52 Most Important Weeks for Child Development”

Article author

Tiunova Elena

Pediatrician of the highest category, nutritionist, candidate of medical sciences, associate professor of the department of faculty pediatrics and propaedeutics of childhood diseases, Ural State Medical University

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Contents of the article

Features of the development of a child at 1 year old
Physiological changes
Child activity
Psychoemotional development of a 1 year old child
Features of the development of girls at 1 year old
Features of the development of boys at 1 year old
How to check the level of development of the child
Development classes
Possible developmental disabilities

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features of the physical, mental, speech and social development of boys and girls, comments by pediatricians

Development in early childhood is faster than ever. By the year there is an intensive weight gain, growth. The child masters new movements, actions with objects, actively develops emotionally and mentally, begins to walk independently, pronounces the first words. It is not surprising that the adults around him, and above all the parents, are concerned about the question of what norms exist for this age, and whether the beloved baby is lagging behind his peers. We tell you what a child should be able to do in a year, and how you can help him develop.

Important!

This article provides general information, "hospital average". But it is necessary to understand that each child develops at his own pace, take into account his health characteristics, temperament and other important points. Do not panic if the child does not know something at his age from what is “supposed”. But it will not be superfluous to consult with a specialist - for your own peace of mind.

Useful information about the 9 year old0214

Harmonious development Many researchers believe that harmonious physical development is characteristic of infants and young children.

At the age of 1, children with harmonious development prevail (71.6%). Physical disharmony is detected in 20.4% of children, and severe disharmony in only 8% of cases (2). The relationship of physical and mental development In early childhood, mental development largely depends on the state of health. A slight deterioration in well-being affects the emotional state, and the disease can destroy already learned forms of behavior. But the opposite trend may also be true: laughter and positive emotions speed up recovery during illness (3).

Physical development of a child at 1 year old

Physical development is the dynamic process of growth and biological maturation of a child. By the year, different indicators change greatly: length (height), body weight, development of organs and systems.

Development of the body

The child's chest grows in size, the lungs develop, and breathing becomes less frequent. The cardiovascular system, digestive organs are improved, and immunity develops. By strengthening the musculoskeletal system, the baby becomes more stable in an upright position, and coordination of movements improves. Previously, it seemed that the crumbs had a too big head and small legs, but gradually the figure takes on other, more proportional outlines.

Motor skills

As a rule, a one-year-old baby can walk independently, climb stairs by the hand, squat and stand up without using a support. Walking skills are not the same for everyone. Some children quickly run away from their parents, although they are not yet a year old, others master walking without support only by 15 months or even later.

Mental development of a child at 1 year old

The mental state of a child at this age is unstable. Children at 1 year old are vulnerable, easily tired, and their mood often changes.

Communication

The cognitive and emotional development of a one-year-old child depends on his need for communication with adults, in particular, for benevolent attention. The leading activity for a baby at 1 year old is communication, it is this that provides the main lines of mental development (1).

A child at this age understands permissions and prohibitions well, readily fulfills the requests of adults to “take it”, “bring it” and “put it back”.

Psychomotor skills

The child constantly learns about the world around him, thanks to which his motor skills are actively improved. At the age of 1 year, the baby knows how to put toys in a box, make a pyramid of two cubes, assemble and disassemble a pyramid of several rings, look at pictures and find familiar objects on them.

He plays with interest with sorters, rolls on the floor and throws a ball, picks up large objects with one hand, and small objects with two fingers. The baby likes to play with water, open doors and pull out drawers, imitate the actions of adults - “talk on the phone”, “cook porridge”, “shave like daddy”.

Social development of a child per year

One-year-old toddler knows parents and other family members well, recognizes the faces, voices of relatives and acquaintances who often visit the house. When loved ones appear, he rejoices violently, expressing his feelings through smiles, hugs and kisses. The baby is very attached to loved ones, especially to the mother.

The child has favorite items of clothing, things and toys that he tries not to part with. The baby readily repeats social gestures and words after adults. He happily waves goodbye and blows a kiss.

At 1 year old, children are usually afraid of strangers. The appearance of a stranger can lead to screaming and tears. Negative emotions are usually caused by people with a bright, unusual appearance, who speak rudely or loudly.

Speech development of a 1-year-old child

A one-year-old baby is already trying to speak and understands the speech of adults well. His actions and perceptions can be influenced by words. He knows his own name and the names of objects that he often uses.

Vocabulary

A child at this age usually speaks between 3 and 20 words. He begins to gradually pronounce simple words that he constantly hears and the sounds that animals make “mu-mu”, “meow”, “ha-ha”. Since the vocabulary is small, the baby actively uses gestures and sounds to attract attention.

Autonomous speech

The main acquisition of a child in a year is a kind of children's speech, which the famous psychologist L. S. Vygotsky called "autonomous". In terms of sound, the words of the child are similar to “adults”, and sometimes they are different from them: “pa” - “fell”, “baban” - “banana”, “titi” - “clock”, “av-av” - dog.

Often a child puts a different meaning into a word than adults do. The fact is that the child cannot yet generalize, he has his own logic, words are used situationally. Only by tracking the chain of objects that the baby names with one word, one can draw a conclusion about its meaning. The language of a child at 1 year old is agrammatic: he speaks not in sentences, but in separate exclamations (1).

Photo: Josh Duncan, unsplash.com

How to develop speech

To help the fidget, you need to use all his senses: touch, sight, hearing and taste. Rich sensory information about the surrounding world stimulates speech. Speech development is helped by fine motor skills training, reading, singing, finger and musical games, grimaces in front of a mirror, breathing games and language games.

Baby's health at 1 year old

Baby's well-being largely depends on daily routine and nutrition. A one-year-old child sleeps at night for 8-10 hours and 1-2 times during the day. Pediatricians advise feeding the baby 4 times a day with cereals, vegetable and fruit purees, sour-milk products, meat and soups in meat broth. Until the age of 3, it is not recommended to include pasta, pies, sausages, sausages, dumplings, pizza and sweets in the diet.

Scheduled examination at the polyclinic

A one-year-old child is shown to a pediatrician and subspecialists: a neurologist, a pediatric surgeon, an ophthalmologist, an orthopedist-traumatologist and a dentist. In addition, it is necessary to do clinical blood and urine tests.

Vaccinations

According to the National Immunization Schedule, which is approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, by the year the child must receive 3-fold prevention of viral hepatitis B, diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, poliomyelitis. After that, once a year, children are vaccinated against measles, rubella, mumps and pneumococcal infection.

Learn more

Common illnesses

When breastfeeding ends, the baby's "maternal" immunity disappears. At playgrounds, in clinics and in developmental classes, he often comes into contact with other children, so at 1 year old there is a high probability of ARVI and bronchitis. Also, the child can get chickenpox, rubella, scarlet fever and intestinal infections.

Learn more

Self-care skills of a 1-year-old child

Self-care skills are defined as a child's ability to maintain hygiene and independently perform necessary self-care activities. Such skills depend on physical and mental development.

Hygiene

By the age of one, it is easy to teach a child to wipe his face and hands after washing, wash his hands under running water, eat independently with a spoon and drink from a cup, holding it with both hands.

But potty training is not easy for everyone. It makes no sense for parents to force things, because this can cause negative emotions in the crumbs, and he will simply dislike the potty.

Interaction with clothes

Dressing and undressing skills are also formed gradually. In a year, the baby, as a rule, already knows how to take off his socks and Velcro shoes. He actively assists the adult in dressing and undressing by extending his arms and legs. To make this process enjoyable and arousing interest, give the child more freedom and independence. One of the most effective ways to teach your baby to dress is to put clothes and shoes on dolls and toys.

Pediatrician comments

Andrey Maksimov, pediatrician, branch of the Israeli Hadassah clinic in Skolkovo:

— At the age of one, the child already sits confidently, crawls quite well, stands well (some, however, still hold on to some kind of support), who He is already starting to walk on his own. According to the recommendations of the World Health Organization, in modern medical practice it is not recommended to stimulate the walking of a child under one year old. You should not violate the walking algorithm laid down by nature - in the future this may adversely affect your posture.

In one year, a child develops certain communication skills. He points to specific objects, to the children he sees, and one-year-olds are usually interested in older children. The child reaches for large toys.

Photo: Alexander Grey, unsplash.com

At this age, it is important to protect the baby from various diseases, especially in the autumn-winter period. The basis of care is vaccination, made according to the National calendar. From the age of one, the child can already be vaccinated against the flu.

Of course, no one canceled the classic hygiene measures. You need to understand that if there is a small child at home, upon returning home, you need to not only wash your hands, but also your face. Because in those places where we walk - in offices, shops, shopping centers, elevators - anything can settle on the face. Arriving home, adults will definitely reach out to the child, hug and kiss him. So caution is in order here.

If a family member develops symptoms of a respiratory viral infection, the child must be isolated. Gone are the days when it was believed that a child got sick due to the fact that he was “blown out”. Modern pediatrics has unequivocally proven that only contact with carriers of viral or bacterial infections can be the cause of the disease, so it is extremely important that parents be careful.

Another important point regarding the age of a child, which parents should not forget, is the prophylactic dose of vitamin D, for children over one year old - 1500 units per day.

Vera Krylova, pediatrician of the NaPopravku online medical service:

— Pediatricians use special centile tables and charts to assess physical development. By the age of one, a child usually grows by about 25 cm. More accurate norms for boys are from 72.3 cm to 79.7 cm, and for girls - from 71.4 to 78 cm. Body weight by 12 months of age usually triples compared to birth weight. The norm for boys is from 8.9 to 11.6 kg, for girls - 8.5-10.8 kg.

Development is a very individual process that depends on many factors. Any deviations from the norm as they grow older are able to self-level and require only more careful observation by the pediatrician.

What should I pay attention to? At an early age (1-3 years), the frequency of acute respiratory infections increases in babies. Usually, breastfeeding stops by this age (there is no protection by maternal antibodies), the number of social contacts increases. Try not to go to places with a large crowd of people, especially during the season of high incidence. Make sure your child is dressed for the weather. Timely vaccination is important. If a child cannot be vaccinated for one reason or another, then “cocoon vaccination” is possible - some vaccinations, for example, against influenza, are given to parents and other relatives from the child’s environment.

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