Small red dots on baby belly

Common childhood rashes | Pregnancy Birth and Baby

If your child has a seizure, call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

If you think your child might have meningococcal rash, go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

Key facts

There are many different types of childhood rashes. Many are not serious.
If your child has a rash and fever, they should see their doctor.
If your child has a meningococcal rash, go immediately to the emergency department.

Meningococcal rash

If you think your child might have meningococcal rash, go to the nearest emergency department immediately.

You can read more about serious childhood rashes here.

Rashes with no fever or itching

Milia (blocked oil glands)

Up to 1 in every 2 newborn babies develop small white spots called milia on their face, especially on the nose. These are just blocked pores, and they’re not itchy or contagious. They usually clear up without treatment within a few weeks.

Erythema toxicum

Many newborns develop a blotchy red skin reaction called erythema toxicum, which can appear between 2 days and 2 weeks after birth. Flat, red patches or small bumps often first appear on the face and spread to the body and limbs. The rash is harmless, not contagious, and will clear after a few days or a week.

Baby acne

Some babies get pimples on their cheeks and nose in the first three months of life. These pimples normally disappear without any treatment, usually within a few months.

Nappy rash

Nappy rash is inflammation of the skin in the nappy area. It can look red, sore and inflamed. Nappy rash is usually caused by urine (wee) or faeces (poo) irritating the skin.

To avoid nappy rash, keep the nappy area clean and dry with frequent nappy changes and nappy-free time. You can help protect the skin by putting on a barrier cream such as zinc or soft white paraffin at each nappy change.

Persistent nappy rash can be treated with a medicated cream. Don’t use talcum powder or antiseptics to treat nappy rash. If your baby develops a fungal infection, you’ll need to use an antifungal ointment. Ask your doctor or pharmacist for advice.

Erythema multiforme (minor)

Erythema multiforme is a rash triggered by an infection (most commonly herpes simplex virus), medicine or an illness. Your baby might feel unwell or have a mild fever before the rash appears. Red spots develop on the hands, feet, arms and legs and spread symmetrically across both sides of the body. The spots often become raised or blistered and then develop into classic target-like lesions.

Erythema multiforme is not contagious, and usually resolves without treatment in 3 to 6 weeks.

Keratosis pilaris (‘chicken skin’)

Keratosis pilaris is a harmless condition where the skin becomes rough and bumpy, as if permanently covered in goose pimples. These bumps most commonly occur on the upper arms and thighs. You can try several things to help the rash to clear up, including moisturising regularly.

Rashes that might be itchy

Eczema (Atopic dermatitis)

Eczema is a very common skin condition affecting 1 in 3 Australians. It causes the skin to become itchy, red, dry and cracked, often in the creases at the knees and elbows.

Eczema commonly starts before a baby is 12 months old. Eczema follows a relapsing-remitting course. This means that there are flare-ups of the rash, followed by periods where there is no rash or a minimal rash.

Eczema management includes preventative treatment such as avoiding skin irritants, moisturising regularly and using bath oil. Treatment of flare-ups includes using steroid and anti-inflammatory creams.

Ringworm (tinea)

Ringworm is a common, contagious skin infection that causes a ring-like red rash with a clear centre. It commonly occurs on the scalp, feet and groin, but it can appear almost anywhere on the body.

Ringworm is caused by a fungus, not a worm, and is usually treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams. You should keep your child home from childcare or school until a day after you have started treatment to prevent spreading the infection.

Prickly heat (heat rash)

Heat rash might appear if your baby gets hot in a humid environment. The rash shows as tiny red bumps or blisters on the skin, which can be very itchy. Cooling your baby down and avoiding humidity is the best way to prevent heat rash, which usually clears within 2 to 3 days without treatment.

Impetigo (school sores)

Impetigo is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the skin. It causes red sores and blisters that form a yellow crust. It is very common in children aged 2 to 6, and it is not usually serious in this age group, but it can be dangerous for newborn babies.

If your child has impetigo, you should see your doctor, who might prescribe an antibiotic cream, ointment or tablet. This should clear the infection within 7 to 10 days. Keep your child home from childcare or school and away from young babies until the sores have dried up, usually a few days after treatment starts.

Hives (urticaria)

Hives is a raised, red, itchy rash. It is common on the chest, stomach and back, as well as the throat and limbs, but it can appear on any part of the body. Hives usually disappears within a few days without any treatment. Antihistamines can be given to relieve itching. If the rash doesn't go away, you should see your doctor.

Hives isn’t usually serious, but it can be a sign of a more serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis). If your child develops hives after eating, or together with other symptoms such as vomiting, dizziness or trouble breathing, you should seek urgent medical attention.

If your child has symptoms of a serious allergic reaction (anaphylaxis), call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

Pityriasis rosea

Pityriasis rosea is a mild skin rash that sometimes appears after a sore throat, cold or fever. It begins with a single pink or tan-coloured patch on the chest or back. Red, oval-shaped patches, which may be itchy, then appear on the chest or back and limbs over the next weeks.

The exact cause of pityriasis rosea is unclear, and it is not thought to be contagious. The rash usually clears up within a couple of months without treatment.

If you are pregnant, pityriasis rosea can in rare cases lead to complications. See your doctor if you are pregnant and have contact with a child who has pityriasis rosea.

Molluscum contagiosum

Molluscum contagiosum is a viral skin infection that is spread by skin-to-skin contact or by sharing swimming pool water, bath water or towels.

Molluscum contagiosum spots look like pimples and grow into round pearly white lumps, usually 2 to 5 millimetres in size. They can be itchy. They usually heal without treatment within 6 months, but sometimes longer.

Rashes with fever

Slapped cheek disease (fifth disease)

Slapped cheek disease is a viral infection that mainly affects pre-school and school-age children. It typically causes a bright red rash on both cheeks that spreads as a ‘lacy’ rash on the body and limbs. Occasionally, it causes a fever.

Slapped cheek disease is usually mild and clears up in a few days without treatment. The child is contagious before the rash appears, but not once it has appeared.

If you are pregnant and catch the virus, it may cause a type of anaemia in your unborn baby. It can also cause miscarriage. If you suspect you or your child has slapped cheek disease, you should avoid contact with people who might be pregnant.

Hand, foot and mouth disease

Hand, foot and mouth disease is a mild but highly contagious viral illness. It causes a rash on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet and blisters in the mouth. It is not the same as the foot-and-mouth disease that affects farm animals.

The disease is common in childcare and kindergartens. Your child might feel unwell and have a fever and blisters on the hands and feet and in the mouth and in the nappy area. The illness usually lasts about 7 to 10 days. Children with hand, foot and mouth disease should stay away from childcare or school until all the blisters have dried up.

Hand, foot and mouth disease usually resolves on its own without complications. In rare cases, it can be more serious, especially if you have a weakened immune system or are pregnant. Complications can include infections of the brain and heart muscle and miscarriage.

Roseola infantum

Roseola infantum is a contagious viral infection that can cause cold-like symptoms and a high fever. The high fever may last for a few days. Roseola infantum can also cause some children to have a febrile convulsion (seizure).

Children with roseola infantum develop a rash after the fever has resolved. The rash looks like raised pink spots that start on the chest, stomach and back and spread to the limbs. The child is contagious before the rash appears, but not after. The rash usually lasts 3 to 5 days.

Febrile convulsions can look scary but are generally not harmful.

If your child has a seizure, call triple zero (000) immediately and ask for an ambulance.

When to seek help

Many babies develop a skin rash in their first days or weeks of life as their sensitive skin adapts to a new environment. Most rashes are harmless and go away on their own, but if your baby seems unwell, or if you’re worried, you should see your doctor. They can advise about the cause and whether treatment is necessary.

Whatever their age, you should take your child to the doctor if they have a rash and persistent high temperature, cold or cough symptoms or swollen neck glands.

Treatment of common childhood rashes

If you think your child might be contagious, they should stay at home. Keep them away from school, childcare and other children. You should also keep them away from people who are pregnant, or who might be pregnant, since some childhood infections can cause serious problems in unborn babies.

You can use paracetamol or ibuprofen (in babies aged over 3 months) to reduce fever — read the packet instructions carefully to ensure your child receives the right amount for their age and weight.

Your pharmacist can advise you on treating the symptoms of common rashes. For example, you can use over-the-counter creams to prevent itchiness.

If you are concerned about your child’s rash, call Pregnancy, Birth and Baby on 1800 882 436 to talk to a maternal child health nurse, or call Healthdirect on 1800 022 022 to talk to a registered nurse. Alternatively, contact your doctor.

Speak to a maternal child health nurse

Call Pregnancy, Birth and Baby to speak to a maternal child health nurse on 1800 882 436 or video call. Available 7am to midnight (AET), 7 days a week.

Learn more here about the development and quality assurance of healthdirect content.

Baby Rashes: Types, Symptoms & More

Baby’s have incredibly sensitive skin, which makes them more likely to develop rashes than adults and older kids. But with all the different types out there, it can be hard to identify what the baby rash is, what’s causing it and how to treat it. Plus, no parent wants to see their precious little one with a red or bumpy reaction on their soft skin. Many might wonder how rashes affect baby’s comfort level and whether they cause itchiness or pain. And how can parents tell if baby’s rash is a harmless diaper rash or something a little more serious?

Because there are so many types of baby rashes, it’s important to be aware of the symptoms to look out for and know when to call the pediatrician. To help you better identify a baby rash on the body, we’ve put together a handy guide on all things rashes. Keep reading to learn more about the common types of baby rash, tell-tale signs and symptoms and the best remedies to treat them.

In this article:
Baby rash causes
baby acne or baby rash?
Baby heat rash
Meningitis rash
Strep rash
Chicken pox
Baby drool rash
Baby eczema rash
Hives
Baby allergy rash
Baby fungal rash
Cradle cap
When to be concerned about baby rashes

Baby Rash Causes

When it comes to baby rashes, there are many types and many culprits. Some common causes include:

Irritants. Common irritants that can bother baby’s sensitive skin are saliva and drool, poop, baby wipes, detergents, soaps, sunscreen and nickel.
Allergies. Allergic reactions can cause a baby rash to appear in a bunch of different forms. Rashes can be itchy, welt-like hives or dry, itchy patches. Eczema is the most common version of a baby rash caused by allergies.
Infections. Infections can lead to different types of baby rash, the most common of which are fungal rashes. Sometimes, however, a viral baby rash can develop. “These rashes occur when babies have specific viral illnesses and may be associated with fever or other symptoms,” says Anna Bender, MD, a pediatric dermatologist at Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian. A viral baby rash can appear as small dots on the torso and sometimes arms and legs, and can last for several days to a week. It may spread for a few days and then begin to clear up.

“Baby’s skin barrier is especially fragile because it’s thinner, immature and the skin is still developing, so that makes it a lot more vulnerable to damage and dryness. It’s also more reactive, especially to things that could be irritants,” explains Lauren R. Crosby, MD, FAAP, a pediatrician at LaPeer Pediatrics in Beverly Hills, California. Baby’s skin is typically ultra-sensitive from birth until around age 2, although diaper rash can continue to rear its head past that age until kids are potty trained.

In our guide below, we outline the different ways baby rashes look and behave. Keep reading for the most common types of baby rash to keep an eye out for, plus how to prevent and treat them. From heat rashes to chicken pox, we help make sense of any bumps or blotches you may find on baby.

Baby Acne or Baby Rash?

Breakouts aren’t just for teenagers—it’s actually totally normal for babies to get acne. “Also known as neonatal acne, it’s a common rash in babies during the first month of life,” Bender says. “It’s thought that maternal hormones—those that pass from mother to baby in utero—may cause baby acne to flare.”

But how can you tell if it’s baby acne or a baby rash? Baby acne typically looks like a bunch of small, red bumps, as opposed to the lacy red of a baby rash.

Image: iStock

Baby acne symptoms

Pimples. Baby acne usually involves clusters of tiny red pimples and whiteheads.
Irritated cheeks. Baby acne usually develops on the cheeks, but it can also appear on baby’s nose, forehead and sometimes behind the ears and on the scalp.
Persistent symptoms. Baby acne can last up to three to four months.

Prevention and treatment

Usually, baby acne clears up on its own with gentle cleansing. Once in a while parents might need to see a dermatologist if it’s persisting beyond the normal three to four months, but that’s pretty rare.

Baby Heat Rash

Baby heat rash tends to happen when baby’s sweat glands become blocked and trap sweat under the skin, Crosby says. It’s usually seen in warm weather or when baby is overdressed. How do you know if the baby rash is caused by heat?

Image: Shutterstock

Heat rash symptoms

Tiny red bumps. These typically appear on baby’s head, neck and shoulders, and sometimes on the chest.
Itching. Sometimes heat rash can be itchy, so take note if baby is scratching at their irritated skin.

Prevention and treatment

To prevent baby heat rash, dress baby in lighter clothing to make sure they aren’t getting overheated or sweaty. In warm climates, it’s fine to let them sleep in just a onesie and diaper, and run a fan in the bedroom to keep the air cool and circulating. When baby heat rash does strike, “I recommend a daily bath with a non-fragrant sensitive skin cleanser to help clear out the sweat and keep the skin clear,” Crosby says. A baby rash from heat usually goes away on its own in three to four days, as long as baby isn’t overdressed and stays in a cool environment.

Baby Diaper Rash

It’s pretty self-explanatory where you can expect to see this baby rash. “Diaper rash can occur due to irritation from wet diapers and friction,” Bender says. Baby diaper rash is even more common in older babies who sleep through the night longer and may have wetter diapers in the morning.

Image: Shutterstock

Diaper rash symptoms

Red patches. These typically appear on the rounded part of baby’s bottom.
Puffy, warm skin. In some cases, baby’s skin may be slightly raised and feel warm to the touch.

Prevention and treatment

“Diaper rash can improve with frequent diaper changes and use of over-the-counter diaper paste containing zinc oxide, which helps in acting as a barrier to prevent friction and irritation in the diaper area,” Bender says. Ward off baby diaper rash by making sure the skin is completely dry before you put on a fresh diaper. In the past, baby powder was the go-to trick for absorbing moisture and protecting baby’s skin, but doctors no longer recommend using powder for diaper rash, since inhaled powder can irritate baby’s lungs.

Sometimes a rash on baby’s butt can actually be a yeast rash caused by fungus that lives on our skin.

Image: iStock

Yeast rash symptoms

Pink patches. These patches usually appear in baby’s skin folds, accompanied by small pink dots or pustules around the edge.

Prevention and treatment

To treat a baby yeast rash, apply a topical, over-the-counter antifungal cream a few times a day. Prevent yeast rash by keeping baby clean and dry.

Meningitis Rash

Meningitis is when the lining around the brain and spinal cord (the meninges) is inflamed, and “is a serious infection because it can be present in the blood and brain and cause organ damage, permanent brain damage or death,” Bender says.

While the viral form of meningitis is serious, it’s almost never life-threatening, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Bacterial meningitis, however, can be deadly and calls for immediate medical attention. There’s a vaccine for bacterial meningitis, but it typically isn’t given until later in childhood or before college. You can’t tell the difference between a baby rash caused by bacterial or viral meningitis, and in many cases a rash won’t appear at all.

Image: iStock

Meningitis symptoms

High fever. Take baby’s temperature, since a high fever is a classic sign of meningitis.
Lethargy. If baby is less active than usual, it could be another signal of meningitis.
Vomiting. This symptom is more common in infants, along with a loss of appetite and irritability.
Rashes. Meningitis rashes can vary in appearance, but the most common ones include pink or red dots all over, purple rashes that can look like tiny bruises or broken capillaries in the skin, and an itchy, red rash.

Prevention and treatment

Viral meningitis usually clears up on its own in seven to 10 days, but bacterial meningitis requires immediate medical attention so antibiotics can be given as soon as possible. Serious cases may call for hospitalization. If you think baby might have meningitis, call your doctor right away—they can determine if baby has the disease and the type of meningitis.

Strep rash

A strep rash on baby is another type of viral baby rash. Your child is more prone to strep rash if other family members have been exposed to strep throat.

Image: iStock

Strep rash symptoms

Bright red skin. Strep rash on baby can be bright red and beefy-looking with wet, oozing patches in neck folds, or as a bright red circle patch in the area around baby’s anus, Bender says.
Blisters and scabbing. Spotting scabs and blisters on baby’s skin is another common sign of strep.

Prevention and treatment

Since strep can spread from person to person through close contact, keep baby away from infected people. Unlike your run-of-the-mill neck rash, which can be treated with over-the-counter antifungal creams, strep requires a visit to the doctor. Once the diagnosis of strep rash is confirmed—typically with a skin swab test—your pediatrician may prescribe an oral antibiotic as treatment.

Chicken Pox

Chicken pox appears as a baby rash on the body. Before the chicken pox—or varicella—vaccine became available in 1995, practically every child came down with chicken pox before age 9, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). Nowadays, it’s pretty rare for babies to get chicken pox, thanks to the vaccine. It’s a super-contagious viral infection caused by the varicella zoster virus, so avoid contact with infected people to keep baby safe.

Image: Shutterstock

Chicken pox symptoms

Red bumps and blisters. Chicken pox causes a blister-like baby rash on the skin, starting on the back, tummy or face and spreading all over baby’s body. The blisters are often in different stages of healing, so some may look like pink bumps, some look like scabbed bumps and others may look like blisters.
Itchiness. Chicken pox rashes are renowned for their intense itchiness.
Fever. A temperature of 101 to 102 degrees Fahrenheit is common with chicken pox.

Prevention and treatment

Doctors recommend daily baths and keeping baby’s nails short so they can’t scratch and dig into their skin, which could cause a secondary infection. Typically, the course of treatment for chicken pox is to wait it out—it can last five to seven days—but in severe cases (which aren’t common), an antiviral medication may be prescribed. To prevent chicken pox, the APP recommends that healthy babies get the first dose of the vaccine between 12 and 15 months old, followed by a second dose at age 4 to 6.

Baby Drool Rash

Noticing a baby rash on your little one’s face? When babies’ saliva glands turn on, usually around 3 or 4 months of age, they start to drool. A lot. “If you think about it, saliva is part of your digestive tract,” Crosby says. “It’s not just water, so it’s irritating.”

Image: Courtesy of Wissabo/Instagram

Baby drool rash symptoms

A red, irritated baby rash on the face. Because the skin around baby’s mouth, chin and neck is constantly wet, these areas are especially prone to drool rash.
Flaking skin. Baby rash from drool can also appear slightly flaky and dry-looking.

Prevention and treatment

One way to prevent and heal a baby rash caused by drool? Have a soft bib handy to keep the skin on baby’s face and chest dry. Apply a gentle over-the-counter ointment before and after meals as a barrier to prevent saliva from touching the skin, so baby’s drool rash can heal underneath it.

Baby Eczema Rash

Eczema, often-chronic red, dry patches of skin, is one of the most common skin disorders in babies—in fact, 60 percent of infants get eczema in the first year of life. “Sometimes babies scratch so much, it can lead to bleeding and can interfere with sleep,” Bender says. “Babies with eczema often scratch more in the evening when they’re put to bed or at night when they aren’t distracted by other activities.” Eczema can get infected if not treated, leading to scabbing and oozing skin spots.

Image: iStock

Baby eczema symptoms

Itchiness. The more severe baby’s eczema is, the more itchy the rash.
Dry skin patches. This is a common sign of mild eczema.
Pinker patches of dry, flaky skin. This signifies a moderate case of eczema.
Red, flaky patches of skin. If baby’s skin is a darker red, it signifies severe eczema, which usually comes with worsened symptoms and intense itchiness across more of the body.

Prevention and treatment

Keeping baby’s skin well moisturized with a daily application of a thick cream can prevent the onset of eczema in infants who are at higher risk for the condition—aka those who have a strong family history of eczema or eczema-related diseases. A mild case of this baby rash can sometimes be treated with just moisturizer, while moderate eczema may need a cortisone cream or ointment to treat it. Severe eczema is treated with over-the-counter products.

“Hives can occur soon after baby eats something they’re allergic to or if baby is fighting a virus, in which case the hives may last for several days off and on,” Bender says. They can appear anywhere on the body, even if caused by food. If the baby rash is sparked by something your child touched, it usually appears on the part of baby’s body that came in contact with the allergen. If hives are accompanied by wheezing or if baby’s mouth or tongue starts to swell, see a doctor immediately.

Image: Shutterstock

Hive symptoms

Pink, blotchy welts. These welts can come and go on baby’s skin.
Itching. Hive welts are often very itchy.

Prevention and treatment

An oral antihistamine, such as Benadryl, can help treat hives. For a more natural remedy, try dabbing calamine lotion on the welts to soothe hives.

Baby Allergy Rash

As you expose baby to new products, foods and materials, there’s always a small chance they could be allergic to a certain ingredient or chemical. These rashes can be caused by food or medication that baby’s allergic to, or when baby’s skin comes into contact with an irritant, Crosby says.

So what does an allergy rash look like on a baby? A baby allergy rash can manifest in different ways, but the two most common signs are hives and eczema. As mentioned above, hives usually show up as pink blotchy welts, while eczema appears as red, dry, flaky patches. Both rashes are itchy.

Image: Shutterstock

Allergy symptoms

If you notice the following symptoms, take baby to the ER:

Swelling of the lips or face. If baby’s lips or face become swollen, it’s a sign of a severe allergic reaction and should be treated by a doctor immediately.
Wheezing. Any sign of difficulty breathing is a red flag.

Prevention and treatment

“Treatment depends on the age of the child and what is triggering it,” Crosby says. “You want to remove the allergen or trigger if you can, and use a topical or oral allergy medicine.” Sometimes a blood or skin test might be needed to figure out what baby is having an allergic reaction to, and then a baby rash treatment can be prescribed.

Baby Fungal Rash

A fungal baby rash is often caused by chronically wet or irritated skin. A yeast infection is the most common type of fungal rash. It can also appear in babies if another family member or family pet has ringworm.

Image: iStock

Fungal rash symptoms

Pink, ring-like flaking patches of skin. These flaky patches can pop up anywhere on the skin, including the scalp and diaper area.

Prevention and treatment

“A fungal rash needs a special antifungal cream, or if it’s on the scalp and hair, it may need an oral antifungal medication,” Bender says. To prevent fungal baby rash, keep the skin clean and dry.

Cradle Cap

Essentially dandruff for babies, cradle cap is relatively common and typically caused by yeast. This type of baby rash usually shows up in the first month of life but can occur any time, Crosby says.

Image: iStock

Cradle cap symptoms

Flaky skin. Rough, yellowish or pink crustry or oily scaly patches on the scalp are a classic sign of this type of baby rash.
A slight oily scent. This results from the buildup of oil on baby’s scalp in moderate to severe cases.

Prevention and treatment

Most cases of cradle cap can be treated with regular shampooing and a soft scalp brush to loosen the flakes. If that doesn’t cut it, your pediatrician may recommend a medicated shampoo.

In general, the trick to preventing baby rash is keeping your child’s skin healthy. It’s best to keep baths to 10 minutes or less and use lukewarm water, since “during a bath, skin can really lose moisture, and babies are much more prone to getting dry skin,” Crosby says. Hydrating baby’s skin regularly is crucial. The best time to apply lotion? The first five minutes after a bath, to lock in moisture. “The skin is the largest organ in the body and it’s there to protect us from the elements and infections,” Crosby says. “The importance of really caring for it from infancy through adulthood can’t be stressed enough.”

Do baby’s lumps or bumps not line up with any of those listed in this guide? Baby can also develop a rash as a result of bug bites, sunburns, poison ivy and even dry skin. If you’re still not sure about baby’s rash, don’t hesitate to give your pediatrician a call or schedule an appointment.

When to Be Concerned About Baby Rashes

Now that you are familiar with some of the most common kinds of baby rashes, you’re probably wondering, “when should I be concerned about my baby’s rash?”

The truth is, many baby rashes are harmless, and some will come and go on their own without any medical treatment. The other good news is that there are vaccinations to prevent many serious rashes from developing in the first place.

With that said, there are some signs you should keep an eye out for when you notice a baby rash on the body. Some baby rashes can indicate a potentially grave condition, particularly if the rash is persistent or if baby is experiencing swelling or wheezing.

Contact a doctor if baby experiences any of the following:

If there is pain at the site of the rash
If baby runs a fever
If the rash develops bruise-like lesions
If the rash oozes, bleeds or blisters
If the rash continues to spread across baby’s body
If baby develops any cold symptoms (coughing, wheezing, etc.)
If baby has swollen neck glands or swollen lips
If the baby rash doesn’t go away after two days

It’s true babies tend to get rashes left and right, but that doesn’t mean you should shrug them off as nothing. Whenever you notice a baby rash on their face or body, keep a watchful eye on it and look out for other symptoms. When it comes to baby’s health, it’s always best to be precautious and proactive.

About the experts:

Anna Bender, MD, is a pediatric dermatologist at Weill Cornell Medicine and New York-Presbyterian. She earned her medical degree from Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons in 2007. After completing her residency training in dermatology at New York Presbyterian Hospital - Weill Cornell Medical Center, Bender completed an additional year of specialized fellowship training in pediatric dermatology at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

Lauren R. Crosby, MD, FAAP, is a parenting expert and pediatrician at LaPeer Pediatrics in Beverly Hills, California. She earned her medical degree at UCLA School of Medicine and afterwards trained at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, during which time she served as chief resident. She is a member and official spokesperson of the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Please note: The Bump and the materials and information it contains are not intended to, and do not constitute, medical or other health advice or diagnosis and should not be used as such. You should always consult with a qualified physician or health professional about your specific circumstances.

Plus, more from The Bump:

Baby Skin Care 101

13 Diaper Rash Creams That Work Wonders

The Best Baby Eczema Creams, Shampoos and Washes

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reasons and what to do about it

Red areas of the skin can be the result of a violation of the rules of care, that is, they can be caused by physiological causes, and also be one of the first symptoms of various dermatological diseases. In order to eliminate redness, you first need to establish the cause of the unpleasant phenomenon. nine0003

Pathological redness can be caused by an allergic reaction, a symptom of an infectious or autoimmune disease.

In a child, redness of the skin of the hands is often a sign of allergic dermatitis. External signs of this disease are usually localized in open areas of the body: face, hands, neck. In addition to redness of the skin, allergic dermatitis is accompanied by symptoms such as:

Severe forms of allergies include diseases such as eczema and Quincke's edema. With eczema, the skin is a reddened, itchy area covered with crusts or blisters. Angioedema usually occurs as an allergic reaction to insect bites or certain allergens. nine0003

Redness of the skin of the hands in a child can be caused by kidney or liver failure, infectious diseases, or be the result of exposure to detergents, care cosmetics.

Legs

Redness of the skin of the legs, accompanied by a rash, itching and increased dryness, should not be left out of the attention of parents. There may be several reasons for this phenomenon:

urticaria or contact dermatitis - red spots are of different shapes and sizes, can merge with each other, causing irritation, severe itching and discomfort; nine0034
injuries, bruises and sprains - in addition to redness, the child has noticeable swelling;
fungal infection - redness accompanied by peeling of the skin, the appearance of cracks and severe itching;
bacterial infections - often resulting from reinfection through scratching and other skin breaks;
Coxsackie virus, chickenpox, measles.

The appearance of redness on the skin of the legs requires an immediate visit to a doctor - a pediatrician or dermatologist. nine0003

Face and neck

The appearance of red spots on the cheeks usually indicates an allergic reaction. In infancy, the organs of the digestive system can not always successfully perform their function. In addition to redness, the child has nausea, constipation or diarrhea, abdominal pain, problems with appetite, irritability, sleep disturbances.

Food allergies are most often caused by cow's milk protein, chicken eggs, fish, honey, chocolate, strawberries, citrus fruits. Allergic reactions often occur when a baby tries a new food for the first time, especially when it comes to exotic fruits. nine0003

In the cold season, the child may experience redness around the mouth. The absence of sebaceous glands in the lips provokes drying, irritation and the appearance of painful points and small wounds.

The reasons for this phenomenon may be:

allergic reactions;
decreased general immunity;
adverse weather conditions;
deficiency of vitamins in the body; nine0034
bad habits - eg thumb sucking;
features of digestion.

Redness of the skin on the face also occurs with seborrheic dermatitis. With this disease, increased dryness and peeling are noted in certain parts of the body. The exact cause of seborrheic dermatitis has not been established, but it usually develops on oily skin and is not associated with allergic reactions or lack of hygiene.

Peeling crusts are usually localized in the scalp, around the wings of the nose, eyebrows, ears, less often on the child's body. nine0003

Seborrheic dermatitis can appear at any age, this physiological deficiency is often observed in infants. Usually, the crusts do not present discomfort to the child and can be regarded mainly as an aesthetic defect. The scaly growths and redness do not cause pain or irritation and often go away on their own without treatment. It is believed that the cause of their appearance are maternal hormones transmitted to the child.

To eliminate crusts from the baby's head, before washing the affected area is smeared with vegetable oil, and then the hair is washed with a mild baby shampoo. nine0003

In order to eliminate redness and its accompanying symptoms, it is necessary to establish the cause of the phenomenon.

Buttocks

Redness of the skin on the pope in a child is the result of diaper rash (diaper dermatitis). The skin turns red in the perineum or in the folds, where moisture accumulates the most. Usually the baby reacts negatively to touch when changing a diaper, washing after a bowel movement.

An increased risk of diaper rash on the buttocks occurs when there are violations in the digestive system. Frequent rare stool irritates the delicate skin of the baby, causing redness of the skin. In this case, a review of the child's nutrition system can help. nine0003

The reasons for the appearance of redness of the buttocks in a baby can be:

wrong diaper;
fever in the room when the child develops prickly heat;
taking certain medications;
transition to a new milk formula;
incorrect selection of detergents and cosmetics for skin care;
urticaria;
fungal diseases. nine0034

If redness is not associated with physiological causes, the child should be shown to the doctor.

Redness and irritation diagnostic

Since the appearance of red patches of skin can be caused by a huge number of reasons, the diagnosis of this problem is of great importance. Depending on the cause of the disease, a pediatrician, dermatologist or other specialist will choose the most effective treatment methods.

In the course of diagnosis, data from an external examination of the child are used. At the same time, attention is paid to the localization of redness, spots and rashes, their size, shape and severity of manifestation. nine0003

Based on the results of the examination, it is recommended to conduct laboratory and instrumental studies. The patient is prescribed general and biochemical blood tests, allergy tests are performed to determine the allergen. If the reddening of the skin in a child is caused by infectious diseases, diagnostic measures are aimed at identifying the causative agent of the infection for the purpose of surgical treatment.

If a fungal infection is suspected, a skin scraping is taken for further examination under a microscope. nine0003

If redness is caused by physiological causes, parents are given recommendations on how to organize the child's nutrition and care procedures. These measures will minimize not only redness, but also other negative reactions from the skin, such as excessive dryness, irritation and roughness.

The treatment of redness as part of the symptoms of various diseases, first of all, is aimed at eliminating the cause that causes this phenomenon. It also aims to ensure that negative skin reactions that cause discomfort to the child are eliminated as soon as possible. nine0003

Prevention of redness and skin irritation

Negative reactions from the skin in childhood are rarely caused by serious diseases and in most cases this problem can be solved by timely treatment and preventive measures.

Prevention of atopic dermatitis:

adjust the child's diet, exclude foods that cause negative reactions in the body;
eliminate or minimize environmental allergens - pets, synthetic clothing, certain foods, harsh detergents;
regularly carry out wet cleaning of the premises;
for washing clothes and baby diapers, use special products.

In order to prevent the severe course of diseases caused by viral, bacterial or fungal infections, it is necessary to detect diseases in a timely manner and carry out appropriate treatment. nine0003

It is possible to prevent the appearance of redness and irritation of the baby's skin caused by diaper rash, subject to the following recommendations:

the child's bed linen and clothing must be made of natural, breathable fabrics only;
regularly change the baby's diapers or swaddling clothes, do not allow the baby to stay wet for a long time;
after each bowel movement, the baby should be washed with warm water;
from time to time the baby should be left undressed on the changing table for air baths;
only products intended for sensitive skin can be used while bathing;
use soft towels to dry the body after washing, do not rub the skin;
powders and care oils are used separately; nine0034
ensure that the child is not deficient in vitamins.

To prevent allergic reactions, in which redness and irritation of the skin occurs, care must be taken when introducing new complementary foods. You can not introduce several products into the baby's diet at once, you need to start with vegetable or fruit purees. A new product is given in a limited amount (for example, a teaspoon) and the body's reaction is monitored. In the absence of allergies, the amount of the product is increased. nine0003

Of great importance in prevention belongs to walks in the fresh air. With the child you need to walk daily for 2-3 hours. During the heating period in the room, it is important to prevent the air from drying out. To do this, it is recommended to use special humidifiers or at least put a container of water in the room.

If redness, itching, skin irritation still occur, in addition to general treatment, it is necessary to use special cosmetics with effective local action. Their use is aimed at the rapid elimination of external manifestations of allergies and other diseases. nine0003

Irritants

You can quickly eliminate redness and irritation of the skin in a child with the help of emollients. The active substances in these cosmetic products help to soften, moisturize, relieve inflammation and regenerate the skin.

Emollients that are suitable for sensitive and delicate skin at any age are presented in the Emolium cosmetic series. Their regular use allows you to successfully deal with such phenomena as excessive dryness, roughness, inflammation and redness of the skin. Leading dermatologists and pediatricians took part in the development of the Emolium series. nine0003

Emolium products are successfully used in skin care prone to such diseases as atopic dermatitis, urticaria, seborrheic dermatitis. They can be recommended for children whose skin is prone to rashes, blisters and crusts.

Moisturizing the skin and maintaining its water-lipid barrier is of great importance. To do this, use the bathing emulsion of the Emolium series.

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