2 months pregnant miscarriage
Miscarriage Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors
In this Article
- What Is a Miscarriage?
- Miscarriage Symptoms
- Miscarriage Causes and Risk Factors
- Miscarriage Types
- Miscarriage Diagnosis
- Miscarriage Treatments
- Symptoms Following a Miscarriage
- Pregnancy Following a Miscarriage
- When to Try to Conceive After a Miscarriage
- Miscarriage Prevention
What Is a Miscarriage?
A miscarriage is the loss of a baby before the 20th week of pregnancy. The medical term for a miscarriage is spontaneous abortion. But it isn’t an abortion in the common meaning of the term.
As many as 50% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage -- most often before a woman misses a menstrual period or even knows they’re pregnant. About 15%-25% of recognized pregnancies will end in a miscarriage.
More than 80% of miscarriages happen within the first 3 months of pregnancy. Miscarriages are less likely to happen after 20 weeks. When they do, doctors call them late miscarriages.
Miscarriage Symptoms
Symptoms of a miscarriage include:
- Bleeding that goes from light to heavy
- Severe cramps
- Belly pain
- Weakness
- Worsening or severe back pain
- Fever with any of these symptoms
- Weight loss
- White-pink mucus
- Contractions
- Tissue that looks like blood clots passing from your vagina
- Fewer signs of pregnancy
If you have these symptoms, contact your doctor right away. They’ll tell you whether to come to the office or go to the emergency room.
Miscarriage Causes and Risk Factors
Most miscarriages happen when the unborn baby has fatal genetic problems.
Usually, these problems are not related to the mother.
Other problems that can increase the risk of miscarriage include:
- Infection
- Medical conditions in the mother, such as diabetes or thyroid disease
- Hormone problems
- Immune system responses
- Physical problems in the mother
- Uterine abnormalities
- Smoking
- Drinking alcohol
- Using street drugs
- Exposure to radiation or toxic substances
A woman has a higher risk of miscarriage if they:
- Are over age 35
- Have certain diseases, such as diabetes or thyroid problems
- Have had three or more miscarriages
Cervical insufficiency. A miscarriage sometimes happens when the mother has a weakness of the cervix.
Doctors call this a cervical insufficiency. It means the cervix can’t hold the pregnancy. This type of miscarriage usually happens in the second trimester.
There are usually few symptoms before a miscarriage caused by cervical insufficiency. You may feel sudden pressure, your water might break, and tissue from the baby and placenta could leave your body without much pain. Doctors usually treat an insufficient cervix with a "circling" stitch in the next pregnancy, usually around 12 weeks. The stitch holds your cervix closed until the doctor removes it around the time of delivery. If you never had a miscarriage but your doctor finds that you have cervical insufficiency they might add the stitch to prevent a miscarriage.
Miscarriage Types
There are different kinds of miscarriages, including:
Threatened miscarriage. You’re bleeding and there’s the threat of a miscarriage, but your cervix hasn’t dilated. Your pregnancy will likely continue without any problems.
Inevitable miscarriage. You’re bleeding and cramping. Your cervix is dilated. A miscarriage is likely.
Incomplete miscarriage. Some tissue from the baby or the placenta leaves your body, but some stays in your uterus.
Complete miscarriage. All the pregnancy tissues leave your body. This type of miscarriage usually happens before the 12th week of pregnancy.
Missed miscarriage. The embryo dies or was never formed, but the tissues stay in your uterus.
Recurrent miscarriage (RM). You lose three or more pregnancies in a row during the first trimester. This type of miscarriage only affects about 1% of couples trying to have a baby.
Miscarriage Diagnosis
To check whether you've had a miscarriage, your doctor will do:
- A pelvic exam. They’ll check to see if your cervix has started to dilate.
- An ultrasound test. This test uses sound waves to check for a baby’s heartbeat.
If the results aren’t clear, you may go back for another test in a week. - Blood tests. The doctor uses them to look for pregnancy hormones in your blood and compare it to past levels. They may also test you for anemia if you’ve been bleeding a lot.
- Tissue tests. If tissue left your body, the doctor may send it to a lab to confirm that you had a miscarriage. It can also help make sure there wasn’t another cause for your symptoms.
- Chromosome tests. If you’ve had two or more miscarriages, the doctor might do these tests to see if you or your partner’s genes are the cause.
Miscarriage Treatments
If the miscarriage is complete and your uterus is empty, you probably won’t need further treatment.
Sometimes all the tissue doesn’t come out. If that happens, your doctor might do a dilation and curettage (D&C) procedure. They’ll dilate your cervix and gently remove any remaining tissue.
There are also medications you can take that cause any tissue left in your uterus to leave your body. This may be a better option if you want to avoid surgery.
If it’s later in the pregnancy and the fetus has died in the womb, the doctor will induce labor and delivery.
When the bleeding stops, you should be able to go back to your normal activities. If your cervix dilated on its own but you’re still pregnant, you could have a condition known as incompetent cervix. Your doctor might do a procedure to close it called cerclage.
If your blood type is Rh negative, the doctor may give you a blood product called Rh immune globulin (Rhogam). This prevents you from developing antibodies that could harm your baby or any future pregnancies.
You may get blood tests, genetic tests, or medication if you’ve had more than two miscarriages in a row (recurrent miscarriage). To diagnose this condition, your doctor might use tests like:
- Pelvic ultrasound
- Hysterosalpingogram, An X-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes
- Hysteroscopy.
The doctor uses a thin, telescope-like device inserted through your vagina and cervix to look inside your uterus
If you've had two miscarriages in a row, use a form of birth control and talk to your doctor about tests to find the cause
Symptoms Following a Miscarriage
Bleeding and mild discomfort are common symptoms after a miscarriage. If you have heavy bleeding with fever, chills, or pain, contact your doctor right away. These may be signs of an infection.
Besides the physical effects, you may also feel a range of emotions, from sadness and guilt to grief and worry about future pregnancies. What you’re feeling is normal. Let yourself grieve.
If you’re up to it, talk to people in your life who are supportive like your partner, a friend, or family member. You can also talk to a professional mental health counselor. Pregnancy loss support groups may also be a valuable resource to you and your partner. Ask your doctor for more information about these resources.
And remember that everyone heals at a different pace and in different ways.
Pregnancy Following a Miscarriage
You can get pregnant after a miscarriage. At least 85% of women who have one go on to have normal pregnancies and births. Having a miscarriage doesn’t mean you have a fertility problem. On the other hand, about 1%-2% of women may have repeated miscarriages (three or more). Some researchers believe this is related to an autoimmune response.
If you've had two miscarriages in a row, you should stop trying to conceive, use a form of birth control, and ask your doctor to do tests to figure out what’s causing the miscarriages.
When to Try to Conceive After a Miscarriage
Discuss the timing of your next pregnancy with your doctor. Some experts say you should wait a certain amount of time (from one menstrual cycle to 3 months) before you try again. While this is not a widespread practice, to prevent another miscarriage the doctor may suggest treatment with progesterone, a hormone that helps the embryo implant and supports early pregnancy in your uterus.
Taking time to heal both physically and emotionally after a miscarriage is important. Above all, don't blame yourself. Counseling is available to help you handle your loss.
Miscarriage Prevention
Most miscarriages happen because there’s a problem with the pregnancy. You can’t prevent them. If your doctor does testing and finds a problem, treatment options may be available.
If you have an illness, treating it can improve your chances for a successful pregnancy. One step you can take is to get as healthy as you can before you try to have a baby:
- Get regular exercise.
- Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Avoid infections.
- Don’t smoke, drink alcohol, or take illegal drugs.
- Cut back on caffeine.
Health & Pregnancy Guide
- Getting Pregnant
- First Trimester
- Second Trimester
- Third Trimester
- Labor and Delivery
- Pregnancy Complications
- All Guide Topics
Miscarriage Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment
Written by WebMD Editorial Contributors
In this Article
- What Is a Miscarriage?
- Miscarriage Symptoms
- Miscarriage Causes and Risk Factors
- Miscarriage Types
- Miscarriage Diagnosis
- Miscarriage Treatments
- Symptoms Following a Miscarriage
- Pregnancy Following a Miscarriage
- When to Try to Conceive After a Miscarriage
- Miscarriage Prevention
What Is a Miscarriage?
A miscarriage is the loss of a baby before the 20th week of pregnancy.
The medical term for a miscarriage is spontaneous abortion. But it isn’t an abortion in the common meaning of the term.
As many as 50% of all pregnancies end in miscarriage -- most often before a woman misses a menstrual period or even knows they’re pregnant. About 15%-25% of recognized pregnancies will end in a miscarriage.
More than 80% of miscarriages happen within the first 3 months of pregnancy. Miscarriages are less likely to happen after 20 weeks. When they do, doctors call them late miscarriages.
Miscarriage Symptoms
Symptoms of a miscarriage include:
- Bleeding that goes from light to heavy
- Severe cramps
- Belly pain
- Weakness
- Worsening or severe back pain
- Fever with any of these symptoms
- Weight loss
- White-pink mucus
- Contractions
- Tissue that looks like blood clots passing from your vagina
- Fewer signs of pregnancy
If you have these symptoms, contact your doctor right away.
They’ll tell you whether to come to the office or go to the emergency room.
Miscarriage Causes and Risk Factors
Most miscarriages happen when the unborn baby has fatal genetic problems. Usually, these problems are not related to the mother.
Other problems that can increase the risk of miscarriage include:
- Infection
- Medical conditions in the mother, such as diabetes or thyroid disease
- Hormone problems
- Immune system responses
- Physical problems in the mother
- Uterine abnormalities
- Smoking
- Drinking alcohol
- Using street drugs
- Exposure to radiation or toxic substances
A woman has a higher risk of miscarriage if they:
- Are over age 35
- Have certain diseases, such as diabetes or thyroid problems
- Have had three or more miscarriages
Cervical insufficiency.
A miscarriage sometimes happens when the mother has a weakness of the cervix. Doctors call this a cervical insufficiency. It means the cervix can’t hold the pregnancy. This type of miscarriage usually happens in the second trimester.
There are usually few symptoms before a miscarriage caused by cervical insufficiency. You may feel sudden pressure, your water might break, and tissue from the baby and placenta could leave your body without much pain. Doctors usually treat an insufficient cervix with a "circling" stitch in the next pregnancy, usually around 12 weeks. The stitch holds your cervix closed until the doctor removes it around the time of delivery. If you never had a miscarriage but your doctor finds that you have cervical insufficiency they might add the stitch to prevent a miscarriage.
Miscarriage Types
There are different kinds of miscarriages, including:
Threatened miscarriage. You’re bleeding and there’s the threat of a miscarriage, but your cervix hasn’t dilated.:max_bytes(150000):strip_icc()/hemorrhage-in-miscarriage-meaning-2371523-FINAL-f2ab04cab1cc491e964a45e682f93da5.png)
Your pregnancy will likely continue without any problems.
Inevitable miscarriage. You’re bleeding and cramping. Your cervix is dilated. A miscarriage is likely.
Incomplete miscarriage. Some tissue from the baby or the placenta leaves your body, but some stays in your uterus.
Complete miscarriage. All the pregnancy tissues leave your body. This type of miscarriage usually happens before the 12th week of pregnancy.
Missed miscarriage. The embryo dies or was never formed, but the tissues stay in your uterus.
Recurrent miscarriage (RM). You lose three or more pregnancies in a row during the first trimester. This type of miscarriage only affects about 1% of couples trying to have a baby.
Miscarriage Diagnosis
To check whether you've had a miscarriage, your doctor will do:
- A pelvic exam. They’ll check to see if your cervix has started to dilate.
- An ultrasound test.
This test uses sound waves to check for a baby’s heartbeat. If the results aren’t clear, you may go back for another test in a week. - Blood tests. The doctor uses them to look for pregnancy hormones in your blood and compare it to past levels. They may also test you for anemia if you’ve been bleeding a lot.
- Tissue tests. If tissue left your body, the doctor may send it to a lab to confirm that you had a miscarriage. It can also help make sure there wasn’t another cause for your symptoms.
- Chromosome tests. If you’ve had two or more miscarriages, the doctor might do these tests to see if you or your partner’s genes are the cause.
Miscarriage Treatments
If the miscarriage is complete and your uterus is empty, you probably won’t need further treatment.
Sometimes all the tissue doesn’t come out. If that happens, your doctor might do a dilation and curettage (D&C) procedure. They’ll dilate your cervix and gently remove any remaining tissue.
There are also medications you can take that cause any tissue left in your uterus to leave your body. This may be a better option if you want to avoid surgery.
If it’s later in the pregnancy and the fetus has died in the womb, the doctor will induce labor and delivery.
When the bleeding stops, you should be able to go back to your normal activities. If your cervix dilated on its own but you’re still pregnant, you could have a condition known as incompetent cervix. Your doctor might do a procedure to close it called cerclage.
If your blood type is Rh negative, the doctor may give you a blood product called Rh immune globulin (Rhogam). This prevents you from developing antibodies that could harm your baby or any future pregnancies.
You may get blood tests, genetic tests, or medication if you’ve had more than two miscarriages in a row (recurrent miscarriage). To diagnose this condition, your doctor might use tests like:
- Pelvic ultrasound
- Hysterosalpingogram, An X-ray of the uterus and fallopian tubes
- Hysteroscopy.
The doctor uses a thin, telescope-like device inserted through your vagina and cervix to look inside your uterus
If you've had two miscarriages in a row, use a form of birth control and talk to your doctor about tests to find the cause
Symptoms Following a Miscarriage
Bleeding and mild discomfort are common symptoms after a miscarriage. If you have heavy bleeding with fever, chills, or pain, contact your doctor right away. These may be signs of an infection.
Besides the physical effects, you may also feel a range of emotions, from sadness and guilt to grief and worry about future pregnancies. What you’re feeling is normal. Let yourself grieve.
If you’re up to it, talk to people in your life who are supportive like your partner, a friend, or family member. You can also talk to a professional mental health counselor. Pregnancy loss support groups may also be a valuable resource to you and your partner. Ask your doctor for more information about these resources.
And remember that everyone heals at a different pace and in different ways.
Pregnancy Following a Miscarriage
You can get pregnant after a miscarriage. At least 85% of women who have one go on to have normal pregnancies and births. Having a miscarriage doesn’t mean you have a fertility problem. On the other hand, about 1%-2% of women may have repeated miscarriages (three or more). Some researchers believe this is related to an autoimmune response.
If you've had two miscarriages in a row, you should stop trying to conceive, use a form of birth control, and ask your doctor to do tests to figure out what’s causing the miscarriages.
When to Try to Conceive After a Miscarriage
Discuss the timing of your next pregnancy with your doctor. Some experts say you should wait a certain amount of time (from one menstrual cycle to 3 months) before you try again. While this is not a widespread practice, to prevent another miscarriage the doctor may suggest treatment with progesterone, a hormone that helps the embryo implant and supports early pregnancy in your uterus.
Taking time to heal both physically and emotionally after a miscarriage is important. Above all, don't blame yourself. Counseling is available to help you handle your loss.
Miscarriage Prevention
Most miscarriages happen because there’s a problem with the pregnancy. You can’t prevent them. If your doctor does testing and finds a problem, treatment options may be available.
If you have an illness, treating it can improve your chances for a successful pregnancy. One step you can take is to get as healthy as you can before you try to have a baby:
- Get regular exercise.
- Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet.
- Maintain a healthy weight.
- Avoid infections.
- Don’t smoke, drink alcohol, or take illegal drugs.
- Cut back on caffeine.
Health & Pregnancy Guide
- Getting Pregnant
- First Trimester
- Second Trimester
- Third Trimester
- Labor and Delivery
- Pregnancy Complications
- All Guide Topics
Spontaneous miscarriage and miscarriage
Over the past 10 years, the number of spontaneous miscarriages has been growing rapidly.
The International Histological Classification Organization (FIGO) has declared the situation with an increase in the frequency of miscarriages an epidemic.
Spontaneous miscarriage is the termination of pregnancy before the fetus reaches a viable term (up to 22 weeks of pregnancy and fetal weight 500 g.).
Most miscarriages (about 80%) occur before 12 weeks of gestation. Moreover, in the early stages up to 8 weeks of pregnancy, the cause of miscarriage is chromosomal abnormalities in 50% of cases. It turns out that nature eliminates the defective product of conception. And these causes are difficult to prevent, especially in the presence of hereditary diseases. Fortunately, accidental breakdowns are much more common than genetically determined ones. Therefore, subsequent pregnancies usually end happily. nine0003 But the remaining 50% of miscarriages have completely real and removable causes. They can be easily identified at the stage of preparation for pregnancy by a gynecologist.
What are the reasons?
- chronic diseases: inflammatory diseases of the uterus and appendages, polycystic ovary syndrome, uterine fibroids, endometriosis, malformations of the genital organs.
- infections: toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, genital tuberculosis, sexual infections - chlamydia, mycoplasma, ureaplasma, syphilis. nine0007 - antiphospholipid syndrome.
- endocrine diseases: diabetes, thyroid disease.
- metabolic disorders in the body: obesity, folic acid deficiency, iron deficiency, vitamin D deficiency.
- male factor.
Of course, these causes are identified and eliminated before the planned conception.
There are harmful factors that can affect the development of the fetus in the early stages of pregnancy and lead to miscarriage:
- alcohol consumption. nine0007 - caffeine use (4-5 cups of coffee per day).
- smoking (more than 10 cigarettes a day).
- drug use.
- taking medications with a teratogenic effect (for example: aspirin, nise and others from this group of drugs; antifungals; antidepressants; some antibiotics and a number of other drugs).
- toxins and occupational hazards: ionizing radiation, pesticides, inhalation of anesthetic gases.
What are the signs of possible pregnancy loss? nine0004
These are complaints of pain in the lower abdomen and lower back, bloody discharge from the genital tract. It is necessary to consult a doctor to rule out an ectopic pregnancy and conduct an additional examination (hCG test, blood test for progesterone, ultrasound).
In early pregnancy, with dubious ultrasound data or suspected non-developing (missing) pregnancy, expectant management is chosen with a repeat examination by a gynecologist, ultrasound, tests after 7-10 days. If the diagnosis was made and the fact of uterine pregnancy was confirmed, with a threatened miscarriage, preservation therapy is carried out in an outpatient day hospital. A miscarriage that has begun requires hospitalization in the gynecological department. In the case of a non-developing pregnancy, an abortion is performed. nine0005
In accordance with the clinical treatment protocol approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 07.
06.2016. Preference is given to drug therapy aimed at terminating pregnancy with prostaglandin analogues (misoprostol) with or without prior use of an antiprogestin (mifepristone). In case of need for surgical treatment (with incomplete miscarriage with infected miscarriage), it is recommended to use aspiration curettage (with an electric vacuum source or a manual vacuum aspirator). What has a significant advantage over curettage of the uterine cavity because it is less traumatic and can be performed on an outpatient basis. nine0005
All women who have had a miscarriage need treatment to prevent complications and prevent recurrent miscarriages. Why is rehabilitation therapy necessary?
According to the decision of the XVIII World Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists , the diagnosis of chronic endometritis should be made to absolutely all women who have had an undeveloped pregnancy. Two out of three miscarriages according to Professor V.
E. Radzinsky are caused by this disease. When examining the material from the uterine cavity, infectious pathogens were isolated: ureaplasmas, mycoplasmas, streptococci, staphylococci, Escherichia coli, viruses (herpes, HPV). Therefore, it is very important to carry out treatment immediately after the termination of pregnancy. nine0007 If time is lost, it is necessary to carry out additional diagnostics: a pipel biopsy of the endometrium with a histological examination and a study for infections, including tuberculosis. Then, taking into account the results obtained, symptomatic anti-inflammatory therapy is carried out (immunomodulators, antibacterial drugs, physiotherapy, gynecological massage, mud therapy). In parallel, an examination is prescribed to identify other causes of miscarriage (male factor, chronic maternal diseases, genital infections, antiphospholipid syndrome). nine0007 In the medical center "Mifra-Med" at the level of modern requirements of medicine, all the possibilities for a complete adequate examination have been created: all types of tests, ultrasound, hysteroscopy, aspiration biopsy, consultations of narrow specialists (endocrinologist, therapist, neurologist, urologist).
Our gynecologists of the highest category Melko O.N., Novitskaya E.L., Tikhonova T.N. and urologist of the highest category Kanaev S.A. have sufficient experience in the rehabilitation and preparation of couples for the next pregnancy with a successful outcome. Treatment is carried out in a day hospital with the use of drugs, physiotherapy, gynecological massage, prostate massage. nine0005
WE WILL HELP YOU!
st. Yakovleva, 16 st. Kirova 47 B
tel. 244-744 tel. 46-43-57
Miscarriage, how to avoid - Planning and management of pregnancy in the gynecology of the Literary Fund polyclinic after a miscarriage
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A miscarriage is always associated with severe consequences for the whole body of a woman and for her reproductive organs in particular, it also affects the family situation, disrupts the woman's work schedule.
An unfavorable outcome of pregnancy requires great mental and physical costs on the part of parents. Therefore, contacting doctors to find out the causes of the problem is the very first and correct step towards the birth of a child. nine0005
Any competent gynecologist will tell you that the problem of miscarriage can be solved. With proper preparation for pregnancy and its management, the next time you will have a successful pregnancy. Most girls after a miscarriage go to extremes: they try to get pregnant again as soon as possible. And if this succeeds, then the miscarriage is very often repeated. And you need to give the body a rest for 2-3 months, then identify and eliminate the cause. And only then try.
Causes of miscarriage
Many are convinced that miscarriage is due to a fall, bruise, or some other physical shock. Any woman who has had a miscarriage can remember that not long before she either fell or lifted something heavy. And I am sure that she lost her unborn child precisely because of this.
However, those women whose pregnancy was normal also fall and lift heavy things. Most sudden miscarriages do not occur for this reason. The reason is in violations of the pregnancy itself. Approximately half of miscarriages are due to abnormal genetic development of the fetus, which can be hereditary or accidental. Merciful nature, following the principles of natural selection in everything, destroys the defective and unviable fetus. But you should not be afraid of this. The fact that there is a defect in one embryo does not mean at all that all the others will be the same. nine0005
The woman's body is almost always to blame for the other half of miscarriages. They are caused by various known and unknown factors, such as: acute infectious diseases suffered in the first trimester of pregnancy, poor environment or difficult working conditions, excessive psychological or physical stress, abnormal development of the uterus, radiation, alcohol, smoking and certain types of drugs.
The causes of early and late miscarriage may differ, although they may overlap.
The most important thing is to find out and eliminate or compensate for your own cause of miscarriage. Having discovered the cause, the gynecologist will tell you how to avoid another loss. nine0005
Miscarriage
Miscarriage statistics also include “missed pregnancy”. Sometimes it happens that the embryo dies and lingers in the uterine cavity. Most often, this fact is detected by ultrasound. The dead fetus may begin to decompose, and this, thereby, will lead to poisoning of the mother's body.
Doctors resort to surgical curettage, which is associated with a risk of inflammation and complications. With such a miscarriage, the next pregnancy is planned after the body is fully restored - not earlier than a year. During this year, you will have to find out the cause of the missed pregnancy and treat it. nine0005
Miscarriage up to 6 weeks
The main causes of miscarriage on this line are malformations of the embryo itself. Statistics say that from 70-90% of embryos had chromosomal abnormalities: they are random and will not occur in other pregnancies.
You may have been ill, taken medication, or were under the influence of other harmful factors. Fate saved you from a child with malformations.
The human body is perfect and finds a way to correct the situation by miscarriage. Today is a tragedy for you. The real tragedy would be the preservation and birth of a sick, non-viable child. So don’t cry and understand: everything is for the best, you won’t help grief with tears ... And after three months, try again - it will almost certainly turn out to be successful. nine0005
It should also be noted that the fact of a miscarriage does not mean that you have lost something. So for a period of 7-8 weeks, the absence of an embryo in the fetal egg is found - "anembryony". It is believed that in 80-90% of cases, miscarriages are undiagnosed non-developing pregnancies.
Miscarriage between 6 and 12 weeks
Miscarriage during this period is also considered early. Its most common causes are:
Endocrine disorders
Endocrine disorders, when the ovaries do not synthesize enough hormones to keep the fetus in the womb, or the amount of male sex hormones is increased, is one of the most common causes of miscarriage and miscarriage.
nine0005
Hormone imbalance in a woman's body is likely to lead to an early termination of pregnancy. With a lack of the main hormone progesterone produced by the ovaries, this happens most often. Another hormonal problem is an increase in the tone of the uterus, which provokes the expulsion of the fetus.
Progesterone prepares the uterine mucosa for implantation and is the hormone for maintaining pregnancy in the first months. If conception occurs, the fetus cannot properly establish itself in the uterus. As a result, the fertilized egg is rejected. But pregnancy can be saved with the help of progesterone preparations if this problem is detected in time. nine0005
An excess of male sex hormones that suppress the production of estrogen and progesterone can also be the cause of an early miscarriage. Often, the cause of recurrent miscarriages are androgens that affect the formation and development of pregnancy; as well as thyroid and adrenal hormones. Therefore, a change in the function of these glands can lead to miscarriage.
Undertreated sexual infections
This problem needs to be addressed before conception. Often the cause of miscarriage is sexually transmitted infections: syphilis, trichomoniasis, toxoplasmosis, chlamydia, cytomegalovirus and herpetic infections. Their effect on the fetus and the course of pregnancy is different for each woman and depends on the timing of infection, the activity of the microorganism, the degree of immune protection and the presence of other adverse factors. Depending on the situation, they can lead to the formation of fetal malformations, intrauterine infection, feto-placental insufficiency, early miscarriage or premature birth. Infection of the fetus and damage to the membrane of the fetus leads to miscarriage. To avoid this, infections should be treated before pregnancy. The use of therapy is possible during pregnancy as prescribed by a doctor. nine0005
Viral infections and other diseases
Any disease accompanied by intoxication and fever above 38 o C can lead to a miscarriage.
Rubella, influenza and viral hepatitis occupy a leading position in this list. At a period of 4-10 weeks for pregnancy, ordinary tonsillitis can also become tragic, pneumonia carries a more serious risk. Pyelonephritis and appendicitis can cause early labor. When planning a pregnancy, it is imperative to undergo a medical examination in order to identify and treat foci of infections. nine0005
Extremely dangerous during pregnancy rubella - it leads to severe fetal malformations, so infection during pregnancy is an indication for medical abortion.
Any disease during pregnancy can lead to non-viability of the fetus. And the body, through a miscarriage, insures you against unwanted offspring. With such a miscarriage, the next pregnancy has every chance of going well.
Immune causes of miscarriage
Sometimes antibodies that are hostile to the fetus are formed in the blood of a pregnant woman. This cause can be predicted and eliminated in advance. Most often, the conflict occurs when the embryo inherits the positive Rh factor of the father, and the negative Rh factor, the mother's body rejects the embryonic tissues that are alien to it. Constant monitoring of antibody titer and the introduction of anti-Rhesus immunoglobulins allows you to maintain and maintain pregnancy. In case of an immune conflict, progesterone preparations are also used to prevent miscarriage, which in this case has an immunomodulatory effect. nine0005
Reduced immunity
Reduced immunity during pregnancy is also an immune cause. The body is simply not able to grow a new life in itself. You need to take care of yourself and recover before the next conception.
Anatomical causes of miscarriage
Anatomical causes of miscarriage are the most intractable. Malformations of the uterus are a serious reason for miscarriage. Sometimes you just have to deal with it.
Miscarriage between 12 and 22 weeks
Such a miscarriage is considered late. Its causes coincide with the causes of miscarriages in the early stages (anatomical, immune, infectious, endocrine).
At this time, miscarriage also occurs due to isthmic-cervical insufficiency - a weak cervix cannot hold the fetus and opens. For this reason, a miscarriage can occur in the 2nd or 3rd trimester. Isthmic-cervical insufficiency is observed in 15.0-42.7% of women suffering from miscarriage. Careful monitoring of the pregnant woman allows you to identify the problem in time and make surgical correction of the cervix before the onset of childbirth. nine0005
In isthmic-cervical insufficiency, there is only one method of treatment - a mechanical narrowing of the cervical canal. To do this, the neck is either sewn up or a special ring is put on it. However, the latter method is less efficient, because the ring can easily slide off the neck, then it will no longer hold back the process of opening it.
After suturing, if necessary, it is possible to use antibiotics and drugs that normalize the microflora of the vagina. The treatment of the vagina and the control of the state of the seams are carried out daily for 5 days. Stitches are removed at 37-38 weeks and with premature onset of labor. nine0005
Isthmic-cervical insufficiency may be primary (for no apparent reason), may be the result of abortion or hormonal disorders (increased levels of androgens - male sex hormones or their precursors).
Miscarriage after 22 weeks
Such a loss is hard to forget. Obstetricians talk about premature birth after the 28th week of pregnancy. Traditionally, a child born after this period is considered viable. But medicine knows many cases when it was possible to save the life of earlier children. nine0005
We recommend that you be carefully examined for miscarriage, check the above factors. In addition to them, the cause of a miscarriage can be antiphospholipid syndrome, while the woman's body perceives the child as something alien and rejects it. This disease, like the others listed, can be corrected; you have a very real chance of bearing a child.
Miscarriage due to impaired hemostasis
All of the above causes account for only 30-40%. Up to 70% of miscarriages are caused by disorders in the blood coagulation system (hemostasis). nine0005
Blood coagulation disorders leading to pregnancy loss can be divided into thrombophilic (increased clotting) and hemorrhagic (bleeding tendencies). Both of these extremes are dangerous to the fetus. Various disorders leading to the formation of small blood clots lead to the fact that the fetus loses sufficient blood supply, development is disturbed and the fetus is rejected.
The main hemorrhagic changes can manifest themselves even in childhood in the form of increased bleeding during cuts, extractions of teeth, the onset of menstruation. But sometimes they declare themselves only during pregnancy and are the cause of a miscarriage. Bleeding in the early stages and detachment of the chorion is difficult to stop. nine0005
You may not guess, but incomprehensible headaches, weakness, fatigue, temporary loss of smell or hearing may be symptoms of disorders in the blood coagulation system.
