Pregnancy duration in weeks
How long is pregnancy? Weeks and months explained
The first few months of pregnancy can be a really exciting time, and one piece of information that can feel particularly crucial is your due date. Pop culture has long portrayed pregnancy as a nine-month countdown to birth. But how long is pregnancy? Working this out can actually be a little bit more complicated than that.
“From a medical standpoint, doctors always talk in weeks and days,” says obstetrician, gynecologist (OB-GYN), and Flo medical board member Dr. Charlsie Celestine. “A full-term pregnancy is 40 weeks long, which equals 10 months. Yet commonly, people talk about pregnancy as being nine months long.”
Hang on. 10 months, not nine? How can that be the case? According to the National Health Service in the United Kingdom, the average length of human gestation is 280 days or 40 weeks, and that time starts from the first day of your last period, when you’re not technically pregnant yet. That’s because ovulation (which happens midway through your cycle) and fertilization haven’t occurred yet — but more on that later.
No two pregnancies are the same, and pregnancies can vary in length. Here, Dr. Celestine explains why pregnancy is often referred to as nine months and how your due date is calculated.
How long is a full-term pregnancy in months and weeks?
If most full-term pregnancies (when a baby is born between 39 weeks and 40 weeks and 6 days) last 10 months, then you’ll probably be wondering where the idea of nine months comes from.
This confusion about how we refer to pregnancy length could be related to the fact that most people don’t find out that they’re pregnant until they’ve missed a period, which is already approximately four weeks into the pregnancy. “Everything is based on your cycle,” says Dr. Celestine.
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“Ovulation [when an egg is released from your ovaries ready for fertilization] typically takes place around two weeks after the first day of your last period, and this is when a baby would be conceived. But because you won’t know that you’re pregnant until you’ve missed your next period, approximately two weeks later, you’ll already be four weeks pregnant when you get your positive test result. At that point, you’ll have approximately 36 more weeks to go,” Dr. Celestine says.
And 36 weeks equates to nine calendar months, which is why many people commonly refer to pregnancy as being nine months long. Makes sense, right?
How is a due date calculated and how do I know my current week of pregnancy?
If you suspect that you’re pregnant or have taken an at-home pregnancy test that’s come back positive, the best next step is to reach out to your health care provider. During your first appointment, they will be able to confirm that you’re pregnant and work out your estimated due date.
Most health care providers use Naegele's rule to calculate the baby’s due date. This rule was invented by the obstetrician Franz Naegele in the 19th century, and it’s still being used today. It means your health care provider will work out your due date like this:
- Firstly, your health care provider will determine the first day of your last period.
- Secondly, they will then count back three calendar months from that date.
- Thirdly, they will add one year and seven days to that date. Rather than working this out with a pen and paper, your health care provider will use a due date calculator to estimate your date.
Knowing your due date can feel like a milestone moment in your pregnancy — but don’t worry, you aren’t expected to figure it out yourself. If you track your periods with an app like Flo, then you’ll be able to tell your medical professional when the first day of your last period was. They will then be able to do the calculation for you. You can also use a due date calculator.
Does an irregular cycle affect your due date?
Tracking your period can be a little bit more difficult if you have an irregular cycle. However, if this is something you experience, don’t worry. An irregular cycle won’t affect the length of your pregnancy. “A lot of people’s cycles are irregular, so sometimes we can’t use your period as a predictor. We have to measure the fetus on an ultrasound instead,” says Dr. Celestine.
During your first trimester (the first 14 weeks of pregnancy), how far along you are (gestational age of pregnancy) is determined by your baby’s crown-rump length. “This is literally the length of the fetus as seen on the ultrasound,” explains Dr. Celestine. Your health care provider will note how long your baby is in centimeters from the top of their head (crown) to the bottom of their buttocks (rump).
“This gives us the estimated gestational age,” adds Dr. Celestine. Your health care provider can take these measurements between weeks six and seven of pregnancy up until week 14. After week 14, your gestational age is determined by other methods (including measuring your baby’s head circumference, abdomen, and thigh bone). This is called biometry.
Your health care provider may compare your estimated due date based on your last period with any information from your first ultrasound. In the first few weeks after you’ve found out you’re pregnant, you may be given a couple of estimated due dates as your health care provider tries to establish the most accurate estimate. Make sure that both you and your health care provider are using the same due date to keep track of your pregnancy.
It’s important to remember that whether you’re working from the first day of your last period or the crown-rump length on an ultrasound, a due date is just a rough estimate of when the baby will come. “It can be off by a few days, either way,” says Dr. Celestine. Most babies are born between 38 and 41 weeks of pregnancy. In one study of nearly 19,000 women in Australia, just 5% of births actually happened on their due dates. The due date is more of a guide to track how far along you are in your pregnancy than a set-in-stone deadline of when your baby will arrive.
How long is a trimester, and why do we use them to measure a pregnancy?
Most of us know that pregnancy is measured in three trimesters. Different symptoms and milestones are associated with each trimester. However, just like the length of a pregnancy, there has been some confusion about how long each trimester lasts.
“People used to think trimesters are 12 weeks each, but they’re not — they’re around 14,” explains Dr. Celestine. “The first trimester goes to 13 weeks and 6 days. The second trimester is from 14 weeks to 27 weeks and 6 days. And the third trimester goes from 28 weeks to 42 weeks.”
As mentioned above, a full-term pregnancy is one that is 39 to 40 weeks long. If you’re still pregnant at 41 to 42 weeks, your health care provider will usually recommend an induction of labor.
Inducing labor is a medical process that helps your body get ready for and go into labor. A technique that is sometimes offered to help encourage labor is a membrane sweep.
Knowing which trimester you’re in can give your medical professionals a framework for monitoring benchmarks in your baby’s development and changes your body is experiencing.
“Certain things happen at certain weeks,” says Dr. Celestine. “The baby will be hitting certain marks in terms of growth. Getting it relatively right is important. If something seems a little bit off, we give it a bit of time to recheck it again in order to confirm if it’s a true issue or not.”
If you’re at all confused or concerned about what your health care provider is looking for at different points in your pregnancy, then reach out and ask questions. It’s so crucial that you feel supported and understand what is happening in your body and with your baby.
Are all pregnancies the same length?
It’s important to remember that your estimated due date is just a rough guide, because not all pregnancies are the same length. As explained above, most pregnancies are around 40 weeks long, but a baby can safely arrive at various points within this time frame. There are a number of common terms that your health care provider may use to describe when your baby may arrive. They include:
Premature
A premature or preterm baby is a baby that’s born before 37 weeks. “So that’s up to 36 weeks and 6 days,” says Dr. Celestine. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2020, 10% of babies born in the United States were born preterm, so roughly 1 in 10.
If your baby is born preterm, they may need support from the neonatal or newborn intensive care unit (NICU) at your hospital. This could include help with breathing, regulating temperature, and feeding.
Early term
An early term baby is one that’s born between 37 weeks and 38 weeks and 6 days. “A baby born at 37 weeks might not have to be in the NICU and should be able to breathe on its own,” says Dr. Celestine. “But it’s still what we call early term.” Some babies born at this gestational age do have temporary breathing issues or may need extra help with breastfeeding, maintaining temperature, and managing sugar levels.
Full term
A full-term baby is one that is born between 39 weeks, (the week before your due date), and 40 weeks and 6 days. The CDC notes that 57% of all babies born in the United States in 2020 were full-term births. “If we’re scheduling a cesarean section, we try to do it in the 39th week,” explains Dr. Celestine. “This is because we try to do it before the woman goes into labor naturally.”
Late term
A late-term baby is born from week 41 up to week 41 and 6 days. In the United States, most OB-GYNs offer and recommend inducing labor between 41 weeks and 41 weeks and 6 days. This is because at this point, the risks of continuing the pregnancy increase. Dr. Celestine says, “We normally induce labor if you get to 41 weeks or beyond because at that point, the baby is safer out than in.” However, it’s important to remember that every pregnancy is different, and your health care provider may recommend inducing labor before 41 weeks if they think it’ll be better for you and your baby’s health.
Post-term
A post-term baby is one born at week 42 and beyond. The most common reason for a baby to be born post-term is because the initial estimated due date was calculated incorrectly.
What is the average pregnancy length for first-time parents?
While your due date may help you get a better idea of how far along in pregnancy you are, unless you’re having a planned C-section, it’s impossible to know exactly when your baby will be born.
“Most people deliver between 39 and 41 weeks,” says Dr. Celestine. “But statistically, first pregnancies are likely to be a little longer.” Research into how long pregnancy is has varied. One analysis highlighted that 15% of first babies are likely to arrive after 40 weeks, compared to 10% of subsequent babies. However, the same study noted that 12% of first babies were likely to be born before 37 weeks compared to 10% of other babies.
So, it’s worth remembering that your due date may give you a general idea of when your baby will be born, but there’s no way to know for sure until the big day actually arrives.
What can affect the length of pregnancy?
If you’ve had a baby before, you may wonder if your second pregnancy and birth will be similar to your first. One of the biggest factors in having a preterm birth is if you’ve had one before. If you gave birth before 37 weeks in a previous pregnancy, talk to your health care provider about extra monitoring or support to help lower your risk of having another preterm birth.
If you’ve had a baby who made a late arrival in the past, then this can also increase the chances that your current pregnancy will go to full term or beyond.
Your first pregnancy doesn’t always dictate what will happen next time.
However, it’s important to remember that every pregnancy is different. “Your first pregnancy doesn’t always dictate what will happen next time. If you have a change in a partner or a change of sperm donor, that can make a difference to gestation time,” says Dr. Celestine. One study notes that you could be at an increased risk of early birth or your baby having a lower birth weight if you have babies with two different partners. However, Dr. Celestine says, “Mainly, just as everybody is unique, every baby and pregnancy is unique.”
One thing that will carry over from pregnancy to pregnancy, though, is risk factors for preterm birth. “If a pregnant person has a condition like high blood pressure or diabetes, or advanced maternal age (if you’re over the age of 35), then we’ll need to take this into account across all their pregnancies,” says Dr. Celestine.
How long is pregnancy: The takeaway
Pregnancy is closer to 10 months in length. And while your due date is a great point of focus, it’s important to remember that only about 5% of people actually give birth on their due date.
Your due date is, of course, a useful guide for roughly when you may meet your baby. However, unless you’re having a planned C-section or induction, it’s impossible to know for sure when your baby will be born. If you’re feeling worried or confused about how long pregnancy is or about your due date, then speak to your pregnancy health care provider. They’ll be able to outline which milestones your baby is hitting in their development, what to expect at certain points in your pregnancy, and as the time draws closer, when you can expect to give birth.
Pregnancy - week by week
The unborn baby spends around 38 weeks in the womb, but the average length of pregnancy (gestation) is counted as 40 weeks. This is because pregnancy is counted from the first day of the woman’s last period, not the date of conception, which generally occurs 2 weeks later.
Pregnancy is divided into three trimesters:
- First trimester – conception to 12 weeks
- Second trimester – 12 to 24 weeks
- Third trimester – 24 to 40 weeks.
Conception
The moment of conception is when the woman’s ovum (egg) is fertilised by the man’s sperm. The gender and inherited characteristics are decided in that instant.
Week 1
This first week is actually your menstrual period. Because your expected birth date (EDD or EDB) is calculated from the first day of your last period, this week counts as part of your 40-week pregnancy, even though your baby hasn’t been conceived yet.
Week 2
Fertilisation of your egg by the sperm will take place near the end of this week.
Week 3
Thirty hours after conception, the cell splits into two. Three days later, the cell (zygote) has divided into 16 cells. After two more days, the zygote has migrated from the fallopian tube to the uterus (womb). Seven days after conception, the zygote burrows itself into the plump uterine lining (endometrium). The zygote is now known as a blastocyst.
Week 4
The developing baby is tinier than a grain of rice. The rapidly dividing cells are in the process of forming the various body systems, including the digestive system.
Week 5
The evolving neural tube will eventually become the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord).
Week 6
The baby is now known as an embryo. It is around 3 mm in length. By this stage, it is secreting special hormones that prevent the mother from having a menstrual period.
Week 7
The heart is beating. The embryo has developed its placenta and amniotic sac. The placenta is burrowing into the uterine wall to access oxygen and nutrients from the mother’s bloodstream.
Week 8
The embryo is now around 1.3 cm in length. The rapidly growing spinal cord looks like a tail. The head is disproportionately large.
Week 9
The eyes, mouth and tongue are forming. The tiny muscles allow the embryo to start moving about. Blood cells are being made by the embryo’s liver.
Week 10
The embryo is now known as a fetus and is about 2.5 cm in length. All of the bodily organs are formed. The hands and feet, which previously looked like nubs or paddles, are now evolving fingers and toes. The brain is active and has brain waves.
Week 11
Teeth are budding inside the gums. The tiny heart is developing further.
Week 12
The fingers and toes are recognisable, but still stuck together with webs of skin. The first trimester combined screening test (maternal blood test + ultrasound of baby) can be done around this time. This test checks for trisomy 18 (Edward syndrome) and trisomy 21 (Down syndrome).
Week 13
The fetus can swim about quite vigorously. It is now more than 7 cm in length.
Week 14
The eyelids are fused over the fully developed eyes. The baby can now mutely cry, since it has vocal cords. It may even start sucking its thumb. The fingers and toes are growing nails.
Week 16
The fetus is around 14 cm in length. Eyelashes and eyebrows have appeared, and the tongue has taste buds. The second trimester maternal serum screening will be offered at this time if the first trimester test was not done (see week 12).
Week 18-20
An ultrasound will be offered. This fetal morphology scan is to check for structural abnormalities, position of placenta and multiple pregnancies. Interestingly, hiccoughs in the fetus can often be observed.
Week 20
The fetus is around 21 cm in length. The ears are fully functioning and can hear muffled sounds from the outside world. The fingertips have prints. The genitals can now be distinguished with an ultrasound scan.
Week 24
The fetus is around 33 cm in length. The fused eyelids now separate into upper and lower lids, enabling the baby to open and shut its eyes. The skin is covered in fine hair (lanugo) and protected by a layer of waxy secretion (vernix). The baby makes breathing movements with its lungs.
Week 28
Your baby now weighs about 1 kg (1,000 g) or 2 lb 2oz (2 pounds, 2 ounces) and measures about 25 cm (10 inches) from crown to rump. The crown-to-toe length is around 37 cm. The growing body has caught up with the large head and the baby now seems more in proportion.
Week 32
The baby spends most of its time asleep. Its movements are strong and coordinated. It has probably assumed the ‘head down’ position by now, in preparation for birth.
Week 36
The baby is around 46 cm in length. It has probably nestled its head into its mother’s pelvis, ready for birth. If it is born now, its chances for survival are excellent. Development of the lungs is rapid over the next few weeks.
Week 40
The baby is around 51 cm in length and ready to be born. It is unknown exactly what causes the onset of labour. It is most likely a combination of physical, hormonal and emotional factors between the mother and baby.
Where to get help
- Your GP (doctor)
- Obstetrician
- Midwife
- Your maternal and child health nurse
How long does pregnancy last: signs, terms and stages of fetal development
https://ria.ru/20210125/beremennost-1594527284.html
How long does pregnancy last: signs, terms and stages of fetal development
How long does pregnancy last: signs, terms and stages of fetal development - RIA Novosti, 01/25/2021
How long does pregnancy last: signs, terms and stages of fetal development
Pregnancy is the period when the formation and development of the fetus in the mother's body. About signs and duration - in the material of RIA Novosti. RIA Novosti, 01/25/2021
2021-01-25T18: 38
2021-01-25T18: 38
2021-01-25T18: 38
Health-Society
Pregnancy
Women
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MOSCOW, January 25 - RIA Novosti. Pregnancy is a period when the formation and development of the fetus in the mother's body. About the signs and duration - in the material of RIA Novosti. Signs of pregnancy After conception, anatomical, physiological and hormonal changes occur in the body of a woman. There are a number of signals that may indicate pregnancy. Among the presumptive signs can be distinguished: - vomiting and nausea; - drowsiness; - aversion to certain smells; - frequent mood swings; - tearfulness; - dizziness. Also, a woman may experience frequent urination, an increase in the mammary glands. The most obvious indicator is the cessation of menstruation. Most often, pharmacy tests are used to determine pregnancy. Although they are reliable, they do not provide complete information. “A pregnancy test is one of the likely signs,” added Svetlana Ivanova. - He can tell that the patient is pregnant, but at the same time, he will not show whether this is a uterine or ectopic pregnancy. This can only be determined by ultrasound.” How many weeks does a woman's pregnancy last? The expert answered the question about the pregnancy rate in weeks. According to her, pregnancy lasts 40 weeks, that is, ten obstetric months or nine calendar. Embryonic periodFrom the moment of fertilization, the embryonic period lasts until the tenth week of the obstetric period. At this time, the formation and development of the fetus in the mother's body begins. In particular, germ layers are formed in the embryo first, then tissues, organs and the placenta. During this period, the fetus increases to three centimeters, but it still does not resemble a baby, but only over time acquires the appropriate features. The fetal period The fetal period lasts from the 11th week of the obstetric period and ends with childbirth. At this time, the active growth of the fetus occurs, its proportions change, all organ systems begin to develop. In addition, the fetus begins to move in the womb. Physiological changes in the mother-fetus system Since the onset of pregnancy, two closely interconnected systems are formed. Firstly, maternal, which provides the fetus with everything necessary, and, secondly, the functional system of the fetus. Significant changes take place in the mother's body. During pregnancy, a woman needs to receive vitamins, as the need for them increases. Therefore, the body needs one and a half times more zinc, iodine, vitamins B6 and B12. Lack of vitamins can affect the duration of pregnancy. nine0003
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health - society, pregnancy, women
Health - society, pregnancy, women
MOSCOW, January 25 - RIA Novosti . Pregnancy is a period when the formation and development of the fetus in the mother's body. About signs and duration - in the material of RIA Novosti.
Signs of pregnancy
After conception, anatomical, physiological and hormonal changes occur in a woman's body. There are a number of signals that may indicate pregnancy. Among the presumptive signs can be identified:
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- vomiting and nausea;
- drowsiness;
- aversion to certain smells;
- frequent mood swings;
- tearfulness;
- dizziness.
Also, a woman may experience frequent urination, enlargement of the mammary glands. The most obvious indicator is the cessation of menstruation.
“Probable signs include an increase in the uterus,” Svetlana Ivanova, a teacher of obstetrics and gynecology of the highest category, told RIA Novosti. - When the doctor examines the patient, he can see the blueness of the vaginal cervix and the vagina itself. In general, the size of the uterus, shape and consistency changes.
Most often, pharmacy tests are used to determine pregnancy. Although they are reliable, they do not provide complete information.
“A pregnancy test is one of the likely signs,” added Svetlana Ivanova. - He can tell that the patient is pregnant, but at the same time, he will not show whether this is a uterine or ectopic pregnancy. This can only be determined by ultrasound. nine0003
July 3, 2020, 02:53
The gynecologist named the ideal age for the birth of the first child. According to her, the pregnancy lasts 40 weeks, that is, ten obstetric months or nine calendar months.
“In general, her term is 280 days, counting from the first day of the last menstruation,” added Svetlana Ivanova. - It is believed that timely delivery occurs from the 37th week to the 42nd. Childbirth before 37 weeks is considered premature, after the 42nd week - belated. Both are deviations from the norm.” nine0003
Embryonic period
From the moment of fertilization, the embryonic period lasts until the tenth week of the obstetric period. At this time, the formation and development of the fetus in the mother's body begins. In particular, germ layers are formed in the embryo first, then tissues, organs and the placenta. During this period, the fetus increases to three centimeters, but it still does not resemble a baby, but only over time acquires the appropriate features.
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Fetal period
The fetal period starts from the 11th week of the obstetric period and ends with childbirth. At this time, the active growth of the fetus occurs, its proportions change, all organ systems begin to develop. In addition, the fetus begins to move in the womb.
Physiological changes in the mother-fetus system
Since the onset of pregnancy, two closely interconnected systems are formed. Firstly, maternal, which provides the fetus with everything necessary, and, secondly, the functional system of the fetus. Significant changes take place in the mother's body. nine0003
“The level of progesterone, the main hormone responsible for gestation, increases, while estrogen decreases,” the expert explains. - They are responsible for the tone of the uterus. If there are too many hormones, a miscarriage may occur. During pregnancy, the heart, as well as the kidneys, work with increased stress. They excrete the urine of the mother and fetus. The thyroid and parathyroid glands increase in size, calcium production is disrupted, so pregnant women often experience brittle nails, hair loss, and teeth can crumble. Because of this, it is necessary to regularly check with the dentist for the presence of caries. This is a source of infection that can lead to infection of the fetus.” nine0003
During pregnancy, a woman needs to receive vitamins, as the need for them increases. Therefore, the body needs one and a half times more zinc, iodine, vitamins B6 and B12. Lack of vitamins can affect the duration of pregnancy.
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How long does a person's pregnancy last? | Blog
Several studies have been done on how many weeks a pregnancy lasts. The results of these studies were published in the journal Human Reproduction. nine0003
How does pregnancy begin?
The development of pregnancy in humans begins with the fertilization of a female egg by a male spermatozoon. Fertilization is possible after ovulation - the release of the egg from the ovary. Usually, ovulation occurs on the 10-16th day of the menstrual cycle (from the 1st day of the last menstruation), but can be significantly shifted. The life span of an egg is about a day, and that of a sperm cell is 3-5 days. After ovulation, the egg enters the fallopian tube, where it meets the sperm and fertilization occurs. Then, within 14 days, the fertilized egg moves into the uterus in order to implant (fix) in the uterine cavity and continue to develop. nine0003
How to calculate the due date and what affects how many weeks the pregnancy lasts?
Estimated due date is calculated by adding 280 days to the first day of your last menstrual period. However, the duration of pregnancy is influenced by the age of the mother, the time of implantation of the embryo, the weight of the mother herself at the time of birth. It was found that with every year of her life, a woman bears a child for 1 day longer. And for every “extra” 100 grams of weight at birth, we also add 1 day to the duration of pregnancy. During the study, it was also found that embryos require different times for implantation (fixation in the uterus). And those embryos that took longer to implant also require more time from implantation to birth. More precisely, the date of birth can be determined using ultrasound. nine0003
What is term pregnancy?
In obstetric practice, full-term, it is customary to consider pregnancy lasting from 37 to 42 weeks. Up to 37 weeks is a premature pregnancy, and the birth is premature, and after 42 weeks it is a post-term pregnancy, and the birth is late.
Are there methods for accurately determining the duration of pregnancy?
A team of researchers, in order to more accurately calculate the duration of pregnancy, determined the level of hormones in the urine of women who plan to become pregnant naturally, which made it possible to determine the time of ovulation and implantation of a fertilized egg. Thus, scientists found that the duration of pregnancy was no more than 268 days, that is, 38 weeks. And the duration of pregnancy itself can vary by 37 days. It was also found that previous and subsequent pregnancies lasted approximately the same length as the pregnancy that was investigated. nine0003
Based on the results of this study, it was found that there are currently few mechanisms in the world that allow you to accurately determine the date of birth and how long the pregnancy lasts. And giving the exact due date is not a good idea, because. this causes a woman’s extra anxiety if the birth does not occur on the specified date. The poet, women should be told that you will give birth around this time.
How often do women give birth on their due date?
It is statistically known that only 4% of women give birth on the expected date of delivery, and 70% within 10 days of the due date. nine0003
How is the estimated date of delivery determined at the Leleka Maternity Hospital?
In the Leleka Maternity Hospital, doctors use the first day of the last menstruation, to which we add 280 days, as well as the ultrasound diagnostic method to determine the expected date of delivery. The most accurate time to determine the gestational age on an ultrasound scan is 11-13 weeks. During an ultrasound examination, the doctor will measure the coccyx-parietal size of the fetus, and using special tables, determine the gestational age to days and, accordingly, the expected date of birth. And, if the difference between the period calculated from the first day of the last menstruation and using ultrasound is less than 5 days, then we focus on the date according to the last menstruation, and if the difference is more than 5 days, then on the date that turned out during the ultrasound examination . nine0003
What to do if the expected date of delivery has come, but the birth has not happened?
If the date of delivery has come, but the birth does not occur, there is no need to panic. Come for a consultation with the doctors of the Leleka Maternity Hospital. During this consultation, the doctor will conduct a series of studies to make sure that everything is in order with the condition of the fetus and the pregnant woman.